Simulation and Experiment for Oxygen-enriched Combustion Engine Using Liquid Oxygen to Solidify CO2

For capturing and recycling of CO2 in the internal combustion engine, Rankle cycle engine can reduce the exhaust pollutants effectively under the condition of ensuring the engine thermal efficiency by using the techniques of spraying water in the cylinder and optimizing the ignition advance angle. However, due to the water spray nozzle need to be installed on the cylinder, which increases the cylinder head design difficulty and makes the combustion conditions become more complicated. In this paper, a new method is presented to carry out the closing inlet and exhaust system for internal combustion engines. The proposed new method uses liquid oxygen to solidify part of cooled CO2 from exhaust system into dry ice and the liquid oxygen turns into gas oxygen which is sent to inlet system. The other part of CO2 is sent to inlet system and mixed with oxygen, which can reduce the oxygen-enriched combustion detonation tendency and make combustion stable. Computing grid of the IP52FMI single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline-engine is established according to the actual shape of the combustion chamber using KIVA-3V program. The effects of exhaust gas recirculation （EGR） rate are analyzed on the temperatures, the pressures and the instantaneous heat release rates when the EGR rate is more than 8%. The possibility of enclosing intake and exhaust system for engine is verified. The carbon dioxide trapping device is designed and the IP52FMI engine is transformed and the CO2 capture experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that when the EGR rate is 36% for the optimum EGR rate. When the liquid oxygen of 35.80-437.40 g is imported into the device and last 1-20 min, respectively, 21.50-701.30 g dry ice is obtained. This research proposes a new design method which can capture CO2 for vehicular internal combustion engine.

The potential of ionic liquids in biopharmaceutical engineering

Biopharmaceuticals,such as proteins,peptides,nucleic acids and vaccines,bring about great hopes for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,but the industrialization of these products still faces challenges such as structural instability,inefficient bioactivity and low bioavailability.Ionic liquids(ILs),the marvelous solvent media with inimitable and tunable properties,may provide alternative solutions to overcome the above problems of biopharmaceutical industry.Progress has gradually been made through studies by combination of ILs with biomacromolecules.The applications involved the stabilization,protection,and delivery of biopharmaceuticals.Recent trends are being forwarded to using ILs in vaccines and nucleic acid drugs.However,challenges remain on the toxicity and safety issues.Besides,the cost of adding ILs to the benefits of biopharmaceuticals need to be considered.

Theoretical study on the ideal open cycle of the liquid nitrogen engine

This article described the characteristics of the liquid nitrogen engine's ideal open cycle.Using two interconnecting strokes to achieve the power output can mitigate the trade-off between high efficiency and the potential mechanical complexity of multiple-cylinder engines. The total specific energy of the binary media (methane-nitrogen) cycle system could be much higher than the unitary medium (liquid nitrogen) cycle system. By theoretical analysis, the reasonably acceptable driving range proved the feasibility of the liquid nitrogen engine used for supplying power for a lightweight car.

Safety Analysis of Liquid Rocket Engine Using Bayesian Networks

Safety analysis for liquid rocket engine has a great meaning for shortening development cycle, saving development expenditure and reducing development risk. The relationship between the structure and component of liquid rocket engine is much more complex, furthermore test data are absent in development phase. Thereby, the uncertainties exist in safety analysis for liquid rocket engine. A safety analysis model integrated with FMEA(failure mode and effect analysis) based on Bayesian networks (BN) is brought forward for liquid rocket engine, which can combine qualitative analysis with quantitative decision. The method has the advantages of fusing multi-information, saving sample amount and having high veracity. An example shows that the method is efficient.

Interfacial charge-transfer engineering by ionic liquid for high performance planar CH3NH3PbBr3 solar cells

The energy barrier at the CH3NH3Pb Br3/TiO2interface hinders the electron transfer from CH3NH3Pb Br3to compact TiO2（cp-TiO2）.Ionic liquid（IL）,that forms dipoles pointing away from TiO2,can adjust the work function of TiO2resulting in suitable energy level for charge transfer from CH3NH3Pb Br3to TiO2.The time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy（TRPL）measurements confirm faster electron transfer from the CH3NH3Pb Br3film to TiO2after modification by IL.Solar cells based on IL modified cp-TiO2demonstrate efficiency of～6%,much higher than the devices（0.2%）fabricated using untreated cp-TiO2as the electron transport layer.

Numerical analysis of reactive turbulent flow in the thrust chamber of RD-108 engine rocket

Combustion chamber modeling and simulation of the liquid propellant engine with kerosene as fuel and liquid oxygen as an oxidizer in the turbulent flow field are performed by CFD technique.The flow is modeled as Single-phase in steady state and using RNG k-ε turbulence model.Simulation results are validated by experimental data of thrust,special impulse and combustion chamber pressure.By comparing t.^wo reaction models of finite rate chemistry and frozen model with experimental data,it is concluded that finite rate chemistry has acceptable results.The optimum value of equivalence ratio(oxidizer to fuel ratio)per reaction and operational parameters of the engine which maximize thrust and special impulse are determined.

The opportunities and challenges of ionic liquids in perovskite solar cells

Metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have shown great potential to become the next generation of photovoltaic devices due to their simple fabrication techniques,low cost,and soaring power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,mismatched with the quickly updated PCEs,the improvement of device stability is challenging and still remains a critical hurdle in the path to commercialization.Recently,ionic liquids(ILs)have been found to play multiple roles in obtaining efficient and stable PSCs.These ILs usually consist of large organic cations and organic or inorganic anions,which have weak electrostatic attraction and are generally liquid at around 100℃.ILs are almost non-volatile,non-flammable,with high ionic conductivity and excellent thermal and electrochemical stability.The roles of ILs in PSCs vary with their composition,that is,the types of anions and cations.In this review,we summarize the roles of anions and cations in terms of precursor solutions,additives,perovskite/charge transport layer interface engineering,and charge transport layers.This article aims to set up a structure–property-stability-performance correlations conferred by the IL in PSC and provide assistance for the anion and cation selection for improving the quality of perovskite film,optimizing interface contact,reducing defect states,and improving charge extraction and transport characteristics.Finally,the application of IL in PSCs is discussed and prospected.

Review on the Progress and Issues in Liquid Tank Sloshing of Ships

With the development of large liquid cargo ships,liquid tank sloshing has gradually become a hot research topic in the area of shipping and ocean Engineering.Liquid tank sloshing,characterized by strong nonlinearity and randomness,not only affects the stability of the ship but also generates a huge impact force on the wall of the tank.To further investigate liquid tank sloshing,a comprehensive review is given on the research process of the most focused subjects of liquid sloshing.Summarizing the existing research will help to identify issues in the current field and provide useful references.The methods for investigating sloshing,the research progress and the situations worldwide are discussed.The advantages and defects of experiments and numerical simulations are also explored.The problems which need to be explored in the future are subsequently proposed.

重复使用运载火箭液体动力技术发展

重复使用是未来运载火箭更新换代的技术发展趋势,是降低航天发射成本、实现规模化航天发射的有效途径。重点概述了国内外垂直起降重复使用运载火箭动力技术的发展现状,分析了垂直起降重复使用运载火箭发射和回收全任务剖面,总结了垂直起降重复使用运载火箭动力技术的特点,包括宽范围入口压力多次启动技术、大范围快速高精度推力调节技术、故障诊断及健康管理技术、状态检测与维修维护技术等。

基于Hessian局部线性嵌入和MLP-Mixer的液体火箭发动机涡轮泵轻量化故障诊断框架

作为液体火箭发动机推进剂输送系统的关键部件,涡轮泵的运行状态直接影响着整个运载系统的性能,然而,现有的故障诊断方法往往面临特性参数选择片面及计算复杂度高等问题。针对上述局限,提出了面向涡轮泵的轻量化故障诊断框架。所提方法利用Hessian局部线性嵌入算法对信号时域、频域及时频特征进行降维,并引入一种轻量化的深度学习模型MLP-Mixer作为分类器,进而实现不同故障状态的辨识。采用某型号涡轮泵试车数据验证了所提方法的有效性,结果表明,该方法能够在保障诊断精度的同时有效降低计算复杂度,提高诊断效率。

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术研究进展

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术作为保障运载火箭安全、可靠发射的核心关键技术,经过几十年的发展,有力推动了航天事业的进步。介绍了液体火箭发动机健康监控技术中故障检测与诊断、容错控制与健康监控系统研制等技术的研究现状与发展趋势;梳理了健康监控领域面临的重难点问题,并提出相应的解决方案。分析展望了液体火箭发动机健康监控技术未来发展趋势,为从事火箭发动机健康监控技术研究的科研人员提供参考。

两相流振荡流动特性的可视化实验研究

为了解决活塞内冷油腔中气液两相流的振荡传热问题,设计并搭建了由柴油机改装的往复振荡实验装置,利用高速摄像技术对内冷油腔实验件中气液两相流的振荡流动过程进行了可视化观测实验,分析在不同转速和液体填充率下实验件中气液两相流在起振阶段和充分振荡阶段的振荡流动形态。结果表明:在起振阶段,气液两相的分界面明显,没有强烈的湍流混合运动,在充分振荡阶段,液体的运动规律及流动形态呈周期性变化;转速主要影响气液两相流的湍流强度,填充率主要影响气液两相流的流动形态。研究结果揭示了内冷油腔中气液两相流的振荡流动规律,可为高强化活塞的结构优化设计提供参考。

某液体火箭发动机用起动器峰值压力时间超差故障研究

针对某液体火箭发动机用起动器峰值压力时间超差故障,进行了原因分析,提出了改进措施并对其有效性进行了试验验证。结果表明:造成起动器峰值压力时间超差故障的原因为起动器内膜片与端盖间的焊接强度不足,在高温燃气冲击下膜片过早脱落、烧蚀,从而导致压力提前泄放。提出将1圈焊接改进为2圈焊接、将点焊改进为连续焊接,焊接后增加气密性及承压性能检测,以及加强削弱槽深度检测等改进措施。验证试验表明上述改进措施可有效避免起动器出现峰值压力时间超差故障。

负载纳米钽的液晶显示光固化聚乳酸支架制备及促成骨性能

背景:聚乳酸因具有良好的生物相容性和可控的降解速率在生物医学工程中得到了广泛应用,然而存在机械强度低和生物活性不足等缺陷,限制了其在骨组织工程中的进一步应用。目的:构建聚乳酸/聚多巴胺/钽(PLA/PDA/Ta)骨组织工程支架,探究其生物安全性和体外促成骨性能。方法:利用液晶显示光固化技术制备具有多孔结构的聚乳酸(PLA)支架,将PLA支架分别浸泡在多巴胺溶液与多巴胺-纳米钽混合溶液中分别制备聚乳酸/聚多巴胺(PLA/PDA)支架、PLA/PDA/Ta支架,表征支架的微观形貌与水接触角。将MC3T3-E1细胞分别与PLA、PLA/PDA、PLA/PDA/Ta支架共培养,进行CCK-8检测与活/死细胞染色;成骨诱导分化后,进行碱性磷酸酶、茜素红染色及成骨基因检测。结果与结论:①扫描电镜下可见3种支架均具有互连的多孔三维结构,平均孔径为200μm;PLA/PDA/Ta支架的水接触角低于PLA、PLA/PDA支架(P<0.05);②CCK-8检测显示,相较于PLA、PLA/PDA支架,PLA/PDA/Ta支架可促进细胞的增殖(P<0.05);活/死细胞染色显示3组细胞增殖良好;③碱性磷酸酶与茜素红染色显示,相较于PLA、PLA/PDA支架,PLA/PDA/Ta支架可促进细胞碱性磷酸酶的表达与矿化结节形成;RT-qPCR检测显示,相较于PLA、PLA/PDA支架,PLA/PDA/Ta支架可促进细胞骨形态发生蛋白、Runx-2及Ⅰ型胶原mRNA的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01);④结果表明,PLA/PDA/Ta支架具有优异的促细胞增殖与成骨活性。

液氧液氢发动机领域知识图谱构建与应用

液氧液氢发动机作为航天领域的关键分系统,为有效开展其研制过程的智能化转型工作,针对液氧液氢发动机领域构建知识图谱,在储备领域知识的同时,提高科研生产人才的培养能力。针对液氧液氢发动机领域特点,对领域语料标注、领域知识识别、实体关系识别3个方面进行了研究,在此基础上进行了领域知识图谱的构建,并从领域知识搜索、知识推荐、探索式分析3个角度梳理了其业务应用模式。形成了液氧液氢发动机领域知识体系,并提出构建方法和应用模式。研究结果为航天领域智能化转型提供了参考。

热态壁面条件下的液膜冷却实验与仿真

为了获得射流流量和射流角对液膜铺展形态、壁面温度、液膜厚度的影响规律,设计并自主搭建了基于热态壁面条件的液膜冷却实验系统,开展了射流角为25°~45°、射流流量为200~400 mL·min^(-1)的液膜冷却实验研究。研究结果表明,随着入射角的增大,铺展长度减小,铺展宽度、扩张角增加;而在射流角一定时,随着液膜流量的增加,液膜铺展的长度、宽度和扩张角都有所增加。特别地,当射流角为25°、射流流量从300 mL·min^(-1)增加至400 mL·min^(-1)时,液膜长度最大增加量为20.94 mm,且增加射流流量能够有效降低壁面温度,当入射角为35°、液膜流量为300 mL·min^(-1)时,冷却前后壁面温度最大可降低141.81℃;液膜在壁面撞击点处有厚度峰值,且液膜流量越大峰值越高,当入射角为25°、流量为400 mL·min^(-1)时,最大峰值达679.32μm。采用流体体积法(VOF)构建了液膜冷却仿真模型,计算液膜的蒸发吸热、流动铺展过程,研究结果表明,射流流量为300 mL·min^(-1)时,液膜厚度模拟结果与实验结果最大偏差为7.9%,误差控制在工程应用允许的10%范围内,从而验证了VOF方法对射流撞壁形成液膜模拟的可行性。该研究可为液体火箭发动机液膜冷却技术提供一定的参考。

液体火箭发动机隔板研究综述

隔板是在液体火箭发动机当中用来抑制不稳定燃烧的一种阻尼装置,国内外多种型号的运载火箭都通过隔板消除了不稳定燃烧,得益于其简单的结构和较好的阻尼效果,隔板将在当下和未来保障推进系统稳定运行。简要介绍了隔板的结构形式,分析了隔板的存在对燃烧室内燃烧过程和声场的影响机理,给出了隔板的结构参数(隔板形式、叶片长度、叶片数量等)对阻尼效果的影响,分析了国内外针对隔板的研究成果。最后,基于当前的研究现状提出了对隔板未来研究的展望。

煤气化细渣疏水-亲水双液炭/灰分离实验

这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。煤气化细渣是煤气化过程中产生的一种固体废物,其中残炭严重制约了其资源化利用,从煤气化细渣中提取残炭是一个紧迫的问题。本研究应用疏水-亲水双液分离技术来提取煤气化细渣中残碳,其主要的影响因素有搅拌速度、搅拌时间、疏水液体用量、矿浆浓度、矿浆温度和疏水液体种类。疏水-亲水双液分离技术对煤气化细渣有优异的提碳降灰效果,其碳产品的灰分可达30%以下,灰质产品的灰分可达95%以上。通过表征分析揭示了分离机理,结果表明残炭对煤油的吸附强度远超灰质,使得煤油处理过的残炭疏水性大幅度增加,容易被油相捕获。本研究可为煤气化细渣的高效提碳降灰提供重要指导,有助于实现煤气化固废的综合利用。