Clinical evaluation of HPV DNA test combined with liquid-based cytology in the diagnosis of cervical disease

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of the HPV DNA test in conjunction with thin prep cytology test as a screening method of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To study either the cervical erosion is related to high risk HPV infection or to determine the mean age distribution that is more prone to HPV infection. Material and Methods: The study is a retrospective cohort implemented to determine the real performance of liquid based medium and HPV DNA testing combined in second clinical hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China. The study group included total 150 patients from January 1, 2011 to December 30, 2012. A computerized search identified patients with thin prep test results and high risk HPV DNA testing during a 2-year period was recruited. The patients were chosen after proper speculum examination followed by thin prep cytology (TCT) and HPV DNA test. Cytologic specimens were obtained with endocervical brush, which was rinsed into the vial of Cytyc. The residual samples after the cytology report were taken for reflex HPV DNA test. The manufacture protocol was followed for HPV DNA testing using Hybrid Capture II. Colposcopic biopsy was performed for the diagnosis purpose, in patients who had atypical squamous cells of undeter-mined significance (AUS-US), low grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in cytology and with positive results of highrisk HPV DNA. The diagnostic criteria were based on the Bethesda System (TBS). Findings: The high risk HPV positive women with abnormal cytology had a CIN I risk of 73 (86%), whereas 35 (23.3%) high-risk HPV positive women out of 109 (72.7%) normal cytology who underwent histological biopsy had CIN I 16 (10.7%). The risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with high-risk HPV positive with normal cytology was higher among women invited for the first time 31 - 40 years of age 12 (8%) than among older women 1 (0.7%). Out of 44 (29.3%) women who had I degree erosion with 6 (14%) positive HPV DNA test 38 (86%) had a normal histology biopsy showing no statically significant between them. Conclusion: The data confirm that HR-HPV DNA testing is much more sensitive than cytology alone and that HPV DNA testing helps in identifying women with high risk of serious cervical disease in an efficient and medically acceptable manner. The other most significant advantage of this cervical cancer screening method is that women who are HPV DNA positive can easily and quickly referred for colposcopic examination (within one year), which could identify the precancerous and cancer stage. And those who are HPV DNA negative can safely have much longer screening intervals saving considerable costs. With mean age being 38 ± 10 years, age older than 30 years should undergo HPV DNA testing with cytology triage in primary screening. But in woman younger than 30 years using HPV DNA assay, as an initial screening step can increase the prevalence of abnormal smears and the positive predictive value of HPV followed by TCT. However, close follow-up is essential if the initial biopsy is negative because a considerable number of women may have HPV infection positive in subsequent studies.

Diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology and smear cytology in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Smear cytology(SC)using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is the established and traditional choice for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.Liquid-based cytology(LBC)is a novel alternative cytological method,however,the comparative diagnostic efficacy of LBC remains inconclusive.AIM To examine the diagnostic efficacy of LBC and SC for pancreatic specimens obtained through EUS-FNA via a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The numbers of true positives,false positives,true negatives,and false negatives for each cytological test(LBC and CS)were extracted from the included studies.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were calculated,and the AUC was compared by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies II tool.RESULTS A total of 1656 patients in eight studies were included.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the AUC for LBC were 0.76(95%CI:0.72-0.79),1.00(95%CI:0.98-1.00),and 0.9174,respectively,for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.The pooled estimates for SC were as follows:Sensitivity,0.68(95%CI:0.64-0.71);specificity,0.99(95%CI:0.96-100.00);and AUC,0.9714.Similarly,the corresponding values for LBC combined with SC were 0.87(95%CI:0.84-0.90),0.99(95%CI:0.96-1.00),and 0.9894.Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare the sensitivities and AUCs of the three diagnostic methods;statistically significant differences were found between the three methods,and LBC combined with SC was superior to both LBC(P<0.05)and SC(P<0.05).The pooled sensitivity and AUC did not change significantly in the sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSION LBC may be sensitive than SC in the cytological diagnosis of pancreatic lesions,however,the superior diagnostic performance of their combination emphasizes their integrated usage in the clinical evaluation of pancreatic lesions.

Comparison of smear cytology with liquid-based cytology in pancreatic lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a safe and accurate technique to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatic cancers.Recently,numerous studies comparing the diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology(SC)and liquid-based cytology(LBC)for pancreatic lesions yielded mixed results.AIM To compare and identify the better cytology method for EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane was undertaken through July 18,2020.The primary endpoint was diagnostic accuracy(sensitivity and specificity).Secondary outcomes included sample adequacy and post procedure complications.In addition,factors affecting diagnostic efficacy were discussed.RESULTS Data on a total of 1121 comparisons from 10 studies met the inclusion criteria.Pooled rates of sensitivity for SC and LBC were 78%(67%-87%)vs 75%(67%-81%),respectively.In any case,both SC and LBC exhibited a high specificity close to 100%.Inadequate samples more often appeared in LBC compared with SC.However,the LBC samples exhibited a better visual field than SC.Very few post procedure complications were observed.CONCLUSION Our data suggested that for EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions(particularly solid lesions),SC with Rapid On-Site Evaluation represents a superior diagnostic technique.If Rapid On-Site Evaluation is unavailable,LBC may replace smears.The diagnostic accuracy of LBC depends on different LBC techniques.

Comparative Study of Cell Findings by Conventional Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology for Oral Exfoliative Cytology

Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a method of manufacturing cyto-diagnostic specimens. Improved accuracy is expected from standardizing specimen production and use of this method is rapidly spreading in oral cytology. On the other hand, LBC reportedly requires training to show peculiar cell findings compared to those of conventional smear cytology (CVC). Few studies have compared detailed cell findings for oral CVC and LBC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cytological findings between CVC and LBC using cytomorphological image analysis. Materials and Methods: Cytological specimens were collected from 20 patients (negative for squamous neoplasia in 10, dysplasia in 5, squamous cell carcinoma in 5) and 5 controls of the tongue between January 2017 and December 2018. Two different preparation techniques were investigated cytomorphologically for CVC and LBC (BD CytorichTM). Results: LBC showed significantly higher cell numbers than CVC for all lesions. LBC-to-CVC ratio ranged from 9.52 (hyperkeratosis) to 1.87 (deep cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)). Nuclear area of normal, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation were significantly higher in LBC than those of CVC. Hyperchromasia was significantly more frequent with CVC than with LBC for hyperkeratosis, inflammation, dysplasia and OSCC. There was no significant difference in circularity between CVC and LBC among all lesions. Conclusion: Only one cytomorphological disadvantage was seen with LBC, in the form of decreased hyperchromasia. Further clarification of the advantages and disadvantages of LBC is needed, including management of precision and screening practices.

Effectiveness of Co-Testing in Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Macao SAR

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in Macao SAR despite the implementation of a cervical cancer screening program and HPV vaccination. To improve early detection, Macao SAR introduced HPV DNA testing alongside cytology (co-testing) as the primary screening method in 2019. This study evaluates the effectiveness of co-testing in identifying cervical precancerous lesions (CIN2+) compared to cytology alone. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of women aged 30 - 65 years who participated in the routine cervical cancer screening program in Macao SAR Primary Healthcare Centers from 2019 to 2022. Data from over 70,000 women were analyzed, comparing the detection rates of CIN2+ through co-testing and cytology alone. Women with abnormal cytology or positive HPV results were referred for colposcopy. Results: The introduction of co-testing led to a significant increase in the detection of CIN2+, particularly in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cytology results. Between 2019 and 2022, the percentage of women with ASCUS/NILM and any high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive who were diagnosed with CIN2+ after colposcopy were 24%, 13%, 10% and 7.5% respectively. This highlights the ability of co-testing to identify high-risk individuals who would have been missed by cytology alone. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of co-testing in improving the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening in Macao SAR. The inclusion of HPV DNA testing allows for better risk stratification of women with ASCUS/NILM cytology, leading to more targeted referrals for colposcopy and timely detection of precancerous lesions. The initial high positive rate in 2019 (24%) might be attributed to the small sample size and potentially reflects a backlog of undiagnosed cases prior to co-testing implementation. Conclusion: The implementation of co-testing in Macao SAR’s cervical cancer screening program significantly improves the early detection of precancerous lesions, particularly in women with ambiguous cytology results. This proactive approach contributes to reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality and improving women’s health outcomes in Macao SAR.

Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Detected with Cervical Liquid-Based Cytology: Old Concerns or New Facilities?

Background: The detection of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) in cervical samples is not a common finding. Therefore, we aimed to report VAINs detected in liquid-based cytology (LBC) from women examined at Hospital das Clínicas of Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University. Materials and Methods: We evaluated LBC samples from women referred to gynecology examination for different reasons (previous abnormal PapTest, follow up of treated cervical lesion, ecc) and women examined for regular screening proposals, and compared with biopsy diagnoses, including the controversial diagnoses of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Results: From 1866 patients, 1423 (76.3%) cases were negative and 443 (23.7%) were positive for any cellular alteration. Age of patients ranged from 12 to 86 years. We detected 25 histologically confirmed VAIN (1.3% p = 0.0002 by Fisher’s exact test IC 95% 0.0090 - 0.0198) and 1.1% VAIN (p = 0.0031 by Fisher’s exact test IC 95% 0.0077 - 0.0179). Conclusion: The identification of VAIN in routine is feasible;the professionals involved with cytological examination should be aware of these lesions in Pap test samples.

Cytological Changes of Oral Cavity and of High/Low Risk HPV Detection in Women with Cervical Pathology

Oropharyngeal tumor is the eight most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Among the causes of oropharyngeal carcinoma significant are cigarette smoking, abuse of alcohol, multi-partners, high risk HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and etc. Cytological material (oral Pap smear) was taken from oral fundus and cheek mucous by the cytobrush. 47 participants with cervix pathology and 42 participants of the control group were investigated. Oral smears were stained by the Papanicolaou method and were diagnosed by a double blind method. After the cytological examination, we carried out detecting low and high risk HPV by chromogenic in-situ hy-bridization (CISH method) to use a positive and negative control. The quantitative statistical analysis was performed by SPSS V.19.0. Numeral data were processed using Pearson correlation and X2 tests. Confidence interval of 95% was regarded statistically significant. Study group’s oral pap smear with atypical cytology was detected in 61.7%. Atypical cytological changes in the control group were confirmed in 38.0%. High risk HPV detection by the CISH, in study group, showed positivity in 46.8% and in the control group—in 4.8%. Participants with cervix pathology will be considered as a risk-group to develop oropharyngeal tumor. Screening program for oropharyngeal cancer combines Pap smear and high risk HPV test together. For the control group, it is recommended to use oral pap smear and in the case of atypical changes using high risk HPV test too.

Follow-up study on ThinPrep cytology test-positive patients in tropical regions

BACKGROUND As shown in the statistics from the World Health Organization,it is estimated that approximately 75000 new cases of cervical cancer occur every year in China.In 2008,33000 people died of cervical cancer in China.It is proven that most women are at risk of cervical cancer.The progression from human papillomavirus(HPV)infection to cervical cancer can be several years or decades,which offers a unique opportunity to prevent cancer.AIM To observe the changes in ThinPrep cytology tests(TCT)and HPV infection in patients who were detected to be positive via TCT screening of cervical cancer and further explore the biopsy results.METHODS This paper performed a follow-up study on 206 cervical cancer screening-positive patients of 12231 total cases from our previous research.We conducted an observational study on the TCT results based on the interpretation of The Bethesda System.RESULTS Over a 5-year period,10 cases received consistent follow-up.The proportions of cases in which glandular epithelial lesions were detected increased over the follow-up period.The differences between the years were statistically significant(P<0.01).Over the 5 years,the proportion of patients whose squamous epithelial lesions transformed into glandular epithelial lesions increased yearly.Annual positive rates of HPV infection were:year 1,73%(24/33);year 2,43%(6/14);year 3,36%(9/25);year 4,50%(9/18);and year 5,25%(6/24).The positive detection rate after biopsy over a 9-year period was 29%.CONCLUSION The follow-up study for 5 years to 9 years revealed a tendency to change from squamous epithelial lesions to glandular epithelial lesions and an improvement of the disease(which had not been reported previously).The HPV test indicated a high negative conversion ratio of the viral infection.However,the follow-up cases were not found to have persistent infection of high-risk HPV.Therefore,early intervention of cervical cancer screening is necessary.Low re-examination compliance,patient education,and preventive measures should be enhanced.

人工智能辅助诊断系统在液基细胞学宫颈腺上皮病变筛查中的应用价值

目的:探讨人工智能(AI)辅助系统在宫颈腺上皮病变细胞学诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集诊断为非典型腺细胞(AGC)的液基细胞学薄层宫颈涂片143例,阴性涂片631例,所有涂片均进行AI辅助阅片和中级医师阅片,以主任医师复核的诊断结果为金标准,进行对比分析,并统计特异性、敏感性等指标。结果:宫颈涂片腺上皮细胞病变的检测中,AI辅助阅片系统的阳性率为15.7%、特异性为99.8%,而中级医师阅片的阳性率为18.3%、特异性为99.2%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AI辅助系统的准确率为97.0%,敏感性为84.6%,中级医师阅片的准确率为99.2%,敏感性为99.3%,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AI辅助阅片的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.922,低于中级医师阅片的0.993,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,AI辅助阅片与中级医师阅片的诊断一致率达到99%,相应的Kappa值为0.888,表明两种阅片方法基本一致。结论:AI辅助系统在宫颈腺上皮病变的诊断中展现出较高的特异性,然而其敏感性相对较低,存在一定的漏诊可能性。尽管AI辅助阅片的准确率尚未达到中级医师的水平,但其仍展现出重要的诊断潜力。未来的研究和发展应着重于提升AI辅助阅片系统的敏感性,并通过临床验证来确保其在实际应用中的可靠性和安全性。

纤支镜下刷检薄层液基细胞学检查在肺癌诊断价值的研究

目的:研究纤支镜下刷检薄层液基细胞学检查(LCT)在肺癌诊断价值。方法:选取2023年4月到2024年3月间江门市新会区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科首诊患者80名,所有患者均采用传统支气管镜活检、刷检涂片细胞学检查和刷检LCT检查的方法。传统刷检涂片细胞学检查(CS)为对照组,支气管镜刷检LCT检查为液基组,支气管镜活检为钳检组。对比各组对肺癌诊断阳性率,分析液基组及对照组对肺癌组织类型的检查情况,对比两组对肺癌组织类型的检查结果。结果:液基组对肺癌诊断的阳性率为40.00%(32/80),较对照组的25.00%(20/80)明显更高(P<0.05)。但液基组与钳检组比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。LCT对肺癌鳞癌诊断的符合率为83.33%(10/12),对腺癌的诊断符合率为42.86%(6/14),对小细胞癌的诊断符合率为75.00%(9/12)。CS对肺癌鳞癌诊断的符合率为41.67%(5/12),对腺癌的诊断符合率为66.67%(8/12),对小细胞癌的诊断符合率为35.71%(5/14)。液基组对于肺癌组织类型为鳞癌以及小细胞癌的符合率较对照组更高(P<0.05),但两组对腺癌的符合率比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:应用纤支镜下刷检LCT检查在肺癌的诊断价值较高,且值得在临床诊断过程中给予推广。

HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合细胞学检查用于子宫颈癌早期筛查的初步评价

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA联合液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)用于宫颈癌早期筛查的初步评价。方法收集2015年10月—2019年7月在本院进行宫颈癌筛查患者825例,均进行HPV E6/E7 mRNA、TCT检测,以组织病理学为金标准,分析HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT联合检测用于评估患者宫颈病变风险的诊断效能。结果HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测和TCT检测不同病理分级患者宫颈慢性炎、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)、宫颈癌的阳性率分别为12.17%、39.04%、86.61%、87.88%和36.51%、82.89%、82.14%、81.82%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测的敏感性为86.90%,特异性为80.44%,准确性为81.58%。TCT检测的敏感性为82.07%,特异性为50.74%,准确性为56.24%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合TCT检测的敏感性为70.34%,特异性为83.68%,准确性为81.33%。HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT联合检测特异性高于单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。HPV E6/E7 mRNA与TCT两种检测方法的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.837和0.664,两者联合检测的AUC为0.860,差异性显著(P<0.001),提示联合诊断可提高诊断宫颈HSIL的性能。结论HPV E6/E7 mRNA联合TCT能够更好预测宫颈病变的进展,且针对高级别病变的筛查具有更高的特异性,可为临床宫颈癌筛查提供参考。

2016—2022年某精神病专科医院1181名女职工宫颈液基薄层细胞技术和人乳头状瘤病毒感染调查

目的分析精神病专科医院1181名女职工宫颈液基细胞学检查(TCT)和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染状况。方法选取精神病专科医院2016年1月至2022年12月在职的1181名女职工作为研究对象,所有人均行TCT与HPV检查,根据检查结果分析感染情况。结果1181名女职工HPV检测总阳性率为4.91%(58/1181),其中<30岁及40~50岁两个年龄段总阳性率高于其他年龄段(P<0.05)。TCT检测报告异常率为5.42%(64/1181),其中<30岁及40~50岁两个年龄段TCT检查总异常率高于其他年龄段(P<0.05)。初次性生活年龄<16岁女职工相较于初次性生活为其他年龄段女职工高危型HPV、低危型HPV、TCT异常的阳性率更高(P<0.05)。宫颈癌发病率逐年升高,且2021、2022年两个年份TCT与HPV阳性检出率相较于其他年份更高(P<0.05)。TCT分级中,高级别鳞状上皮内病变的高危型HPV阳性检出率高于低级别鳞状上皮内病变和非典型鳞状上皮细胞增生,非典型鳞状上皮细胞增生的HPV阴性率高于低级别鳞状上皮内病变和高级别鳞状上皮内病变(均P<0.05)。结论<30岁、41~50岁两个年龄段以及初次性生活年龄<16岁精神病专科医院女职工为易感人群,应加强对该部分女职工宫颈癌的防治工作,且宫颈癌发病率逐年升高,医院应更加重视医院女职工的宫颈癌预防健康宣教工作。

液基细胞学检查结合人乳头瘤病毒检测在绝经后女性宫颈癌机会性筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨液基细胞学检查(TCT)结合人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测在绝经后女性宫颈癌机会性筛查中的应用价值。方法选取2022年6月至2023年6月在吉林医药学院附属医院妇科门诊接受诊治的1022例绝经后妇女为研究对象,分别进行TCT、阴道镜组织检查和HPV检查,以阴道镜组织检查为金标准,采用ROC分析评价TCT、HPV与二者联合对绝经后宫颈癌的诊断效能。结果1022份TCT检测样本中,TCT结果为正常或炎症反应919例(89.9%),而TCT检查异常者103例(10.1%)。阴道细胞学的分类及报告系统(TBS)报告为非典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASC-US)53例(51.5%),低度鳞状上皮内瘤变(LSIL)23例(22.3%),高度鳞状上皮内瘤变(HSIL)21例(20.4%),鳞状细胞癌(SCC)6例(5.8%)。阴道镜组织病理结果显示,炎症反应34例(33.0%),上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ37例(35.9%);CINⅡ16例(15.5%);CINⅢ11例(10.7%),SCC 5例(4.9%)。TCT检查异常者中有69例(66.9%)为阴道镜检查异常,TCT结果与病理学结果总体符合率为56.3%(58/103)。随着TBS分类级别越高,HPV阳性率越高,HSIL组和SCC组的HPV阳性率高于LSIL组和ASC-US组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC分析结果显示,TCT诊断的AUC高于HPV,为0.785(95%CI:0.694~0.895),敏感度较高的是TCT检查,但是特异度较高的是HPV检测。二者联合诊断的AUC进一步提高,为0.813(95%CI:0.723~0.924),敏感度和特异度分别是84.3%和88.5%。结论HPV检查结合TCT检查在绝经后女性宫颈癌机会性筛查中具有重要应用价值,建议临床加以推广。

人乳头瘤病毒E6/E7 mRNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值。方法选取2000例接受宫颈癌筛查的女性,均接受液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)和HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测,以阴道镜病理活检结果作为金标准,评估TCT、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定性、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定量单独及联合检测对宫颈癌的诊断价值。结果2000例筛查女性中,正常或炎症1917例,低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)60例,高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)14例,宫颈癌9例。TCT检测结果显示,无上皮内瘤变或恶性病变(NILM)1753例,未明确意义的非典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)/非典型腺细胞(AGC)168例,LSIL 57例,HSIL 13例,宫颈癌9例。HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测结果显示,阳性178例,阴性1822例,随着组织学严重程度的增加,HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测的病毒拷贝数逐渐增加。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线显示,TCT、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定性、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定量联合检测诊断宫颈癌的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.896(95%CI:0.882~0.909),此时的灵敏度为0.880,特异度为0.836。结论HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测作为宫颈癌初筛方案具有一定的可行性,TCT、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定性、HPV E6/E7 mRNA定量联合检测在宫颈癌筛查中有较高的价值。

人乳头瘤病毒DNA、E6/E7 mRNA及液基薄层细胞学检查对女性宫颈癌的筛查价值

目的探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)DNA、E6/E7 mRNA及液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)对女性宫颈癌的筛查价值。方法选取28021例体检女性,均接受HPV DNA、E6/E7 mRNA和TCT单项或多项检测,记录HPV DNA、E6/E7 mRNA、TCT单独及联合检测对宫颈癌的检出情况。以组织活检结果为金标准,评估HPV DNA、E6/E7 mRNA、TCT单独或联合检测对宫颈癌的筛查价值。结果TCT、HPV DNA、E6/E7 mRNA对宫颈癌的检出率分别为8.8%、26.9%、29.7%。各方法单独检测时,TCT单独检测筛查宫颈癌的特异度最高(85.53%),但灵敏度最低(28.44%),HPV DNA单独检测筛查宫颈癌的灵敏度最高(60.25%)。两种方法联合检测时,HPV DNA+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测筛查宫颈癌的灵敏度最高(81.75%),特异度最低(26.34%),TCT+HPV DNA联合检测筛查宫颈癌的特异度(61.08%)和阴性预测值(57.11%)最高,任意两种方法联合检测筛查宫颈癌的灵敏度、特异度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。TCT+HPV DNA+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测筛查宫颈癌的灵敏度、特异度与HPV DNA+E6/E7 mRNA检测比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),但灵敏度高于TCT+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测,特异度低于TCT+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论HPV DNA检测适合作为女性健康体检者宫颈癌筛查的首选方法,E6/E7 mRNA与TCT检测可作为宫颈癌进一步检查的优选。HPV DNA+E6/E7 mRNA联合检测具有较高的灵敏度和阳性预测值,可作为年轻女性宫颈癌筛查的优选方案,联合检测对提高阳性率及降低假阳性率有帮助。

HPV检测联合液基薄层细胞学检测宫颈癌的诊断价值分析

目的 研究液基薄层细胞学(Thinprep-Cytologic Test, TCT)检测联合人乳头瘤病者(Human Papillomavirus, HPV)检测对宫颈癌的诊断价值。方法 选取2022年1月—2023年10月淄博市妇幼保健院新院区检验科的100例疑似宫颈癌前病变患者为研究对象,均实施HPV检测、TCT以及联合检测,以阴道镜下取宫颈活检病理诊断结果为金标准,分析上述单一及联合检测的阳性率以及诊断价值。结果 100例受检者中,HPV检查阳性检出率为20.00%,TCT阳性检出率为27.00%,TCT+HPV阳性检出率为35.00%;TCT+HPV的准确度(96.00%)、灵敏度(91.89%)高于TCT和HPV,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.000、15.457、7.974、18.231,P均<0.05)。结论 TCT+HPV具有较高的特异度、灵敏度及准确度,在宫颈癌诊断中具有积极意义。

血清学检测联合细胞学检测在高龄产妇产前诊断中的价值

目的:探讨血清学检测联合细胞学检测在高龄产妇产前诊断中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2022年4月—2023年4月深圳市第九人民医院收治的120例高龄产妇的临床资料。采用全自动时间分辨荧光免疫分析仪对产妇的血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)、β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)及游离雌三醇(uE3)水平进行血清学检测,采用无创DNA进行细胞学检测。以羊膜穿刺后染色体检查结果为金标准,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估两种检测手段对胎儿染色体异常的检测效能,并对妊娠结局进行随访。结果:120例产妇中,经染色体核型分析,胎儿染色体异常有32例。细胞学、血清学单独及联合检测胎儿染色体异常的AUC分别为0.882、0.878、0.952;敏感度分别为84.4%、81.2%、93.8%;特异度分别为92.0%、94.3%、96.6%。32例检测出胎儿染色体异常的孕妇中,30例选择引产,2例选择正常分娩,正常分娩胎儿为47,XXY和47,XYY。结论:血清学检测联合细胞学检测在高龄产妇产前诊断中具有重要价值,能有效提升诊断准确性,优化临床决策,对保障高龄产妇母婴健康具有重要意义。

PAX1甲基化与p16/Ki-67联合检测提高宫颈癌非典型鳞状细胞的诊断效能

目的 比较配对盒家族基因1(paired boxed gene 1,PAXl)甲基化与p16/Ki-67双染单独及联合检测在薄层液基细胞学检查(thinprep cytologic test, TCT)为意义不明的非典型鳞状细胞(atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, ASC-US)及低级别鳞状上皮内病变(low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, LSIL)人群中的诊断效能。方法 选择郑州大学第一附属医院2021-2022年247例TCT结果为ASC-US和LSIL患者,以阴道镜下病理结果为金标准,敏感度、特异性、准确度与ROC曲线下面积(area under the subject curve, AUC)为评价指标,比较PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67双染单独及联合检测的检验效能。结果 PAX1甲基化与p16/Ki-67双染的阳性率随着阴道镜下病理结果的严重程度而增加,PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67联合检测在TCT为ASC-US人群中的敏感度为91.25%、特异度为97.72%、准确度为95.51%,优于甲基化、p16/Ki-67双染单独检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 PAX1甲基化和p16/Ki-67双染联合检测可以提高TCT结果为ASC-US患者的诊断效能。

宫颈癌筛查中TCT联合HPV的应用价值及与阴道感染关系

目的:探讨薄层液基细胞学(TCT)联合人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值,分析宫颈癌与阴道感染的关系。方法:收集2022年7月-2023年7月本中心行宫颈病变筛查的483名女性临床资料,纳入对象均行TCT、HPV检测,依据病理诊断结果分为非宫颈癌组(n=467)和宫颈癌(n=16),受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析TCT、HPV检测筛查宫颈癌价值;比较两组阴道感染率、阴道微生态情况。结果:以病理结果为依据,诊断宫颈癌TCT检测准确率为92.3%,HPV检测准确率为92.6%,2项联合检测准确率为98.1%;ROC分析,2项联合检测诊断宫颈癌的曲线下面积(0.953)高于TCT(0.777)、HPV(0.808),联合检测诊断特异度(96.8%)和敏感度(93.8%)更高(P<0.05);宫颈癌组阴道感染率(93.8%)高于非宫颈癌组(29.1%),过氧化氢(56.3%)、乳杆菌(50.0%)阳性率高于非宫颈癌组(31,1%、21.0%),唾液酸苷酶(6.3%)、白细胞酯酶(43.8%)阳性率低于非宫颈癌组(28.9%、75.4%)(均P<0.05)。结论:TCT联合HPV检测筛查宫颈癌价值较高,宫颈癌患者阴道感染率升高,阴道微生态发生变化,临床需多加关注。

新型食管细胞采集器-食管脱落细胞学检查在早期食管癌筛查中的应用研究

目的评价新型食管细胞采集器-食管脱落细胞学检查在早期食管癌筛查中的诊断效能。方法纳入四川省人民医院、南充市中心医院、盐亭县人民医院符合条件的体检人群,进行胃镜检查和新型食管细胞采集器检查,以胃镜-病理学结果为金标准,评价该检查在不同食管病变中的诊断效能;并绘制ROC曲线评价其对早期食管癌的筛查效能。结果新型食管细胞采集器-食管脱落细胞学检查对高级别上皮内瘤变筛查能力最好(灵敏度90.91%,特异度99.737%);对于早期食管癌的筛查ROC曲线下面积为0.946(0.899~0.994),灵敏度为84.20%,特异度为96.20%,约登指数0.804。结论新型食管细胞采集器-食管脱落细胞学检查对各食管病变筛查的特异度超过90%,适合成为早期食管癌的筛查手段。