It has long been a dream in the electronics industry to be able to write out electronics directly, as simply as printing a picture onto paper with an offi ce printer. The fi rstever prototype of a liquid-metal printer...It has long been a dream in the electronics industry to be able to write out electronics directly, as simply as printing a picture onto paper with an offi ce printer. The fi rstever prototype of a liquid-metal printer has been invented and demonstrated by our lab, bringing this goal a key step closer. As part of a continuous endeavor, this work is dedicated to significantly extending such technology to the consumer level by making a very practical desktop liquid-metal printer for society in the near future. Through the industrial design and technical optimization of a series of key technical issues such as working reliability, printing resolution, automatic control, human-machine interface design, software, hardware, and integration between software and hardware, a high-quality personal desktop liquid-metal printer that is ready for mass production in industry was fabricated. Its basic features and important technical mechanisms are explained in this paper, along with demonstrations of several possible consumer end-uses for making functional devices such as li ght-emitting diode(LED) displays. This liquid-metal printer is an automatic, easyto-use, and low-cost personal electronics manufacturing tool with many possible applications. This paper discusses important roles that the new machine may play for a group of emerging needs. The prospective future of this cuttingedge technology is outlined, along with a comparative interpretation of several historical printing methods. This desktop liquid-metal printer is expected to become a basic electronics manufacturing tool for a wide variety of emerging practices in the academic realm, in industry, and in education as well as for individual end-users in the near future.展开更多
New design solutions have been proposed for a BRS-GPG type reactor circuit, which are different from transport and stationary low and medium-powered reactor installations cooled with heavy liquid-metal coolants, and w...New design solutions have been proposed for a BRS-GPG type reactor circuit, which are different from transport and stationary low and medium-powered reactor installations cooled with heavy liquid-metal coolants, and which correspond to the evolutionary development of such installations. While developing these solutions, the available experience in creating and operating So</span><span>viet pilot and commercial power plants cooled with lead-bismuth coolants</span><span> was used, including investigations, primarily experimental ones, carried out by team of authors in justification of a capacity range (50</span></span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>250 MW) of low and medium-powered reactor plants with horizontal steam generators (BRS-</span><span> </span><span>GPG) proposed and elaborated at the NNSTU.展开更多
Liquid-metal cooling(LMC)process can offer refinement of microstructure and reduce defects due to the increased cooling rate from enhanced heat extraction,and thus an understanding of solidification behavior in nickel...Liquid-metal cooling(LMC)process can offer refinement of microstructure and reduce defects due to the increased cooling rate from enhanced heat extraction,and thus an understanding of solidification behavior in nickel-based superalloy casting during LMC process is essential for improving mechanical performance of single crystal(SC)castings.In this effort,an integrated heat transfer model coupling meso grain structure and micro dendrite is developed to predict the temperature distribution and microstructure evolution in LMC process.An interpolation algorithm is used to deal with the macro-micro grids coupling issues.The algorithm of cells capture is also modified,and a deterministic cellular automaton(DCA)model is proposed to describe neighborhood cell tracking.In addition,solute distribution is also considered to describe the dendrite growth.Temperature measuring,EBSD,OM and SEM experiments are implemented to verify the proposed model,and the experiment results agree well with the simulation results.Several simulations are performed with a range of withdrawal rates,and the results indicate that 12 mm·min^(-1)is suitable for LMC process in this work,which can result in a fairly narrow and flat mushy zone and correspondingly exhibited fairly straight grains.The mushy zone length is about 4.8 mm in the steady state and the average deviation angle of grains is about 13.9°at the height 90 mm from the casting base under 12 mm·min^(-1)withdrawal process.The competitive phenomenon of dendrites at different withdrawal rates is also observed,which has a great relevant to the temperature fluctuation.展开更多
液态金属脱合金反应(Liquid Metal Dealloying,LMD)是一种基于熔融金属液中合金各组分与金属液反应性不同(混合焓正负关系)而产生的一种选择性溶解反应,是一种新型的多孔材料及复合材料的制备手段。本文首先从液态金属脱合金反应的概念...液态金属脱合金反应(Liquid Metal Dealloying,LMD)是一种基于熔融金属液中合金各组分与金属液反应性不同(混合焓正负关系)而产生的一种选择性溶解反应,是一种新型的多孔材料及复合材料的制备手段。本文首先从液态金属脱合金反应的概念和原理入手,详细介绍了此反应应用于纳米多孔材料与金属基复合材料的制备案例。在多孔材料制备方面,液态金属脱合金反应不仅可满足贱金属类纳米多孔材料的高效生产需求,还可通过脱合金反应条件调控孔隙结构。在复合材料制备方面,脱合金反应可使得析出相尺寸更加细小,分布更加均匀弥散,从而提高复合材料的综合力学性能。最后,本文对液态金属脱合金反应的最新应用与机理研究进行了概述,并对此类反应的未来应用进行了展望。展开更多
基金supported by the Research Funding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KGZD-EW-T04-4)
文摘It has long been a dream in the electronics industry to be able to write out electronics directly, as simply as printing a picture onto paper with an offi ce printer. The fi rstever prototype of a liquid-metal printer has been invented and demonstrated by our lab, bringing this goal a key step closer. As part of a continuous endeavor, this work is dedicated to significantly extending such technology to the consumer level by making a very practical desktop liquid-metal printer for society in the near future. Through the industrial design and technical optimization of a series of key technical issues such as working reliability, printing resolution, automatic control, human-machine interface design, software, hardware, and integration between software and hardware, a high-quality personal desktop liquid-metal printer that is ready for mass production in industry was fabricated. Its basic features and important technical mechanisms are explained in this paper, along with demonstrations of several possible consumer end-uses for making functional devices such as li ght-emitting diode(LED) displays. This liquid-metal printer is an automatic, easyto-use, and low-cost personal electronics manufacturing tool with many possible applications. This paper discusses important roles that the new machine may play for a group of emerging needs. The prospective future of this cuttingedge technology is outlined, along with a comparative interpretation of several historical printing methods. This desktop liquid-metal printer is expected to become a basic electronics manufacturing tool for a wide variety of emerging practices in the academic realm, in industry, and in education as well as for individual end-users in the near future.
文摘New design solutions have been proposed for a BRS-GPG type reactor circuit, which are different from transport and stationary low and medium-powered reactor installations cooled with heavy liquid-metal coolants, and which correspond to the evolutionary development of such installations. While developing these solutions, the available experience in creating and operating So</span><span>viet pilot and commercial power plants cooled with lead-bismuth coolants</span><span> was used, including investigations, primarily experimental ones, carried out by team of authors in justification of a capacity range (50</span></span><span> </span><span>-</span><span> </span><span>250 MW) of low and medium-powered reactor plants with horizontal steam generators (BRS-</span><span> </span><span>GPG) proposed and elaborated at the NNSTU.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904276)Science and Technology Development Program of Henan Province(No.192102210013,202102210080)National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017-VII-0008-0101)。
文摘Liquid-metal cooling(LMC)process can offer refinement of microstructure and reduce defects due to the increased cooling rate from enhanced heat extraction,and thus an understanding of solidification behavior in nickel-based superalloy casting during LMC process is essential for improving mechanical performance of single crystal(SC)castings.In this effort,an integrated heat transfer model coupling meso grain structure and micro dendrite is developed to predict the temperature distribution and microstructure evolution in LMC process.An interpolation algorithm is used to deal with the macro-micro grids coupling issues.The algorithm of cells capture is also modified,and a deterministic cellular automaton(DCA)model is proposed to describe neighborhood cell tracking.In addition,solute distribution is also considered to describe the dendrite growth.Temperature measuring,EBSD,OM and SEM experiments are implemented to verify the proposed model,and the experiment results agree well with the simulation results.Several simulations are performed with a range of withdrawal rates,and the results indicate that 12 mm·min^(-1)is suitable for LMC process in this work,which can result in a fairly narrow and flat mushy zone and correspondingly exhibited fairly straight grains.The mushy zone length is about 4.8 mm in the steady state and the average deviation angle of grains is about 13.9°at the height 90 mm from the casting base under 12 mm·min^(-1)withdrawal process.The competitive phenomenon of dendrites at different withdrawal rates is also observed,which has a great relevant to the temperature fluctuation.
文摘液态金属脱合金反应(Liquid Metal Dealloying,LMD)是一种基于熔融金属液中合金各组分与金属液反应性不同(混合焓正负关系)而产生的一种选择性溶解反应,是一种新型的多孔材料及复合材料的制备手段。本文首先从液态金属脱合金反应的概念和原理入手,详细介绍了此反应应用于纳米多孔材料与金属基复合材料的制备案例。在多孔材料制备方面,液态金属脱合金反应不仅可满足贱金属类纳米多孔材料的高效生产需求,还可通过脱合金反应条件调控孔隙结构。在复合材料制备方面,脱合金反应可使得析出相尺寸更加细小,分布更加均匀弥散,从而提高复合材料的综合力学性能。最后,本文对液态金属脱合金反应的最新应用与机理研究进行了概述,并对此类反应的未来应用进行了展望。
