The Stimulation Effects of N^+ Ion Beam on Liquorice and Its Influence on Water Stress

We have developed a large number of exocrine glands on liquorice leaves and facilitated polysaccharide secretion. Liquorice polysaccharide possesses stronger bound water affinity to gaseous water compared with sucrose and glucose. Our results show that the bound water affinity of liquorice polysaccharide to gaseous water is 49.75% higher than glucose （p〈0.01）. With N^＋ implantation （total dosage of 4.68×10^16 ions/cm^2 and energy of 20 keV） into dry liquorice seeds, both the bound water affinity to gaseous water and the bound water content of dry liquorice leaf can be significantly increased 30.24% （p 〈 0.01） and 36.51% （p 〈 0.01） respectively compared with the sham-irradiated seeds. Meanwhile, with these parameters chosen for N^＋ implantation into dry liquorice seeds, the leaf polysaccharide content under water stress （ψw=-1.5 MPa） can increase significantly （p 〈 0.05） and the plant growth can also improve significantly （p 〈 0.05）.

Liquorice-induced severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with Gitelman syndrome and diabetes: A case report

BACKGROUND Licorice-induced severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis is clinically rare. Gitelman syndrome(GS) is the most common inherited renal tubular disease, while diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Recently, some studies have found that GS patients had higher diabetic morbidity. However, the coexistence of these three diseases has yet to be reported.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 62-year-old Chinese man who was admitted with weakness in the extremities, muscle pain, and dark-colored urine. He had consumed liquorice water daily for seven days prior to admission. The laboratory tests revealed a serum potassium level of 1.84 mmol/L, magnesium 0.68 mmol/L, creatinine phosphokinase(CK) 10117 IU/L, and marked hemoglobinuria. Fractional chloride excretion and fractional magnesium excretion were increased. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were within the normal ranges. Sequence analysis of the SLC12 A3 gene revealed that he had compound heterozygous mutations. The diagnosis of liquoriceinduced severe hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with GS and diabetes was thus genetically confirmed. Serum potassium and CK quickly improved with potassium replacement therapy, hydration, and discontinuation of liquorice ingestion. Upon follow-up at 3 mo, the levels of CK, myoglobin, and potassium remained normal, and magnesium was above 0.6 mmol/L.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes that liquorice consumption and GS should be considered causes of hypokalemia and that the diabetic status of GS patients should be noted in the clinic.

Effect of Spraying Liquorices Root Extract on Vegetative Growth, Chemical Characters and Photosynthetic Pigments of Chrysanthemum （Chrysanthemum morifolium L.） Grown under Salt Stress

This experiment was conducted in Horticulture Department, School of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Duhok, Iraq in 2010 on Chrysanthemum plants, in order to mitigate the adverse influence of salinity by the use of liquorice root extract and study its effect on vegetative growth, chlorophyll content in leaves from chlorophyll and assistant pigment, carbohydrate and starch. Subsequently, the trail consisted of three levels of salinity （0, 4 and 8 ds m^-1） and three concentrations of the liquorice root extract 0, 2.5 and 5 g L^-1. Results showed that salinity （4 ds m^-1） rate caused significant increases in certain vegetative characteristics （branches number, plant height, leaves number and leaf area）, photosynthetic pigments （Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll, a-carotene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin）, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot： root ratio, carbohydrate dry weight percentage and starch percentage as compared to untreated check. However, increasing salinity rate to 8 ds m^-1 resulted in substantial reductions in all above mentioned Waits. Treatment with liquorices root extract, in particular, 5 g L^-1 manifested a potent capability in ameliorating the salinity negative effects in terms of vegetative and photosynthetic pigments aspects.

Laminaria japonica increases plasma exposure of glycyrrhetinic acid following oral administration of Liquorice extract in rats

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Laminaria japonica(Laminaria) on pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) following oral administration of Liquorice extract in rats.Following oral administrations of single-dose and multi-dose Liquorice extract and Liquorice-Laminaria extract,respectively,plasma samples were obtained at various times and the concentrations of GA,liquiritigenin,and isoliquiritigenin were measured by LC-MS.The effects of Laminaria extract on pharmacokinetics of GA were also investigated,following single-dose and multidose of glycyrrhizic acid(GL).The effects of Laminaria extract on intestinal absorption of GA and GL were studied using the in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model.The metabolism of GL to GA in the contents of small and large intestines was also studied.The results showed Liquorice-Laminaria extract markedly increased the plasma concentration of GA,accompanied by a shorter Tmax.Similar alteration was observed following multidose administration.However,pharmacokinetics of neither liquiritigenin nor isoliquiritigenin was affected by Laminaria.Similarly,Laminaria markedly increased concentration and decreased Tmax of GA following oral GL were observed.The data from the intestinal perfusion model showed that Laminaria markedly increased GL absorption in duodenum and jejunum,but did not affect the intestinal absorption of GA.It was found that Laminaria enhanced the metabolism of GL to GA in large intestine.In conclusion,Laminaria increased plasma exposures of GA following oral administration of liquorice or GL,which partly resulted from increased intestinal absorption of GL and metabolism of GL to GA in large intestine.

Production and characterization of organic manure from liquorice residues

In present investigation,organic manure was produced and characterized from liquorice residues using activated Effective Microoganism(AEM).The liquorice waste residues were fermented for the period of 6 months in the presence of activated AEM at the rate of 2.5%and 5%of total fermented mixture.Nitrogen(62.5 g)was used per 10 kg of liquorice and moister was maintained at 55–60%during fermentation.The AEM manure production efficiency was evaluated on the basis of pH,C/N ratio,electrical conductivity(EC)and mineral contents.The final pH of organic manure was 6.2,C/N ratio reduced from 13.5 to 6.5,EC and the mineral contents were increased of composted liquorice.Results revealed that the AEM are effective to produce organic manure from agricultural waste matter since the organic manure physico-chemical properties were within the permissible limit and AEM could be used for the production of compost liquorice.Moreover,this technique can also be extended to other agricultural waste materials for the production of organic manure.

Production of Sagittaria sagittifolia Beverage and Technological Condition Optimization

[Objectives] To develop a kind of antioxidant health drink which could also regulate blood sugar.[Methods]With Sagittaria sagittifolia,hawthorn and liquorice as raw materials,the orthogonal test was done to determine the optimum preparation ratio of each raw material,optimum flavor modulation ratio and optimum stabilizer type and amount.[Results]Under the conditions of 0. 4% crude polysaccharide powder amount of Sagittaria sagittifolia,10. 0 m L hawthorn extract,2. 5 m L liquorice extract,7. 0% white sugar amount,0. 5% citric acid amount,0. 2% cyclodextrine amount,0. 05 g/L sodium alginate amount,0. 5 g/L xanthan gum amount,2. 0 g/L agar amount and 20 MPa homogenization,the beverage had optimum flavor and stability.[Conclusions]The health drink obtained under these technological conditions had delicate sweet taste and rich nutrition.