On the Construction of Literary Images from Vague Language

Literary image is the universal phenomenon in literary works. The construction of literary images depends on the vague indication and allusive function in language. This paper mainly probes into the construction of literary images from vague language in the following aspects： the use of polysemy, homonymy and pun; the application of indefiniteness; through divergence of language; and the exaggeration of numerals with vague indication.

Briefing of the Research on the Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons in Soviet Russia in the 20th Century

The study of Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind in Russia began around 1918.The Chapter“Tracing the origin of the Dao”translated by B.M.Alexeyev,the founder of modern Russian Sinology,is the earliest Russian translation of this book.He proposed a lot of problems inspiring future generations to think about,standardizing the direction for the future researchers of“Dragon Study”in Soviet Russia.L.D.Bozdneeva’s textbook Medieval Eastern Literature(1970),K.I.Grekina’s Monograph Chinese Literary Theory in the Early19-20th century(1971),V.A.K'ri'vzo'v’s paper Discussion on Liu Xie’s Aesthetic Views(1978),I.S.Lisevich’s Monograph Ideology of Chinese Literature at the Turn of the Ancient and the Middle Ages(1979),and Li Fuqing’s paper published after the dissolution of the Soviet Union,Genre of Chinese Medieval Literature(1994),have made a useful discussion of the concept and terminology,literary theory and aesthetic ideology of the Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind.In the monograph Tai Chi:the Global Model in Chinese Literature and Culture in the 1-13th Century,published by K.I.Gorekina in 1995,Dragon-Carving and Literary Mind was interpreted by universe ontology,which reflects the rising of new academic trend in the research of“Dragon Study”in Russia.In recent years,young talents begin to join in Russian Dragon-Carving and Literary Mind research,and doctoral thesis focused on it have been published,showing a good situation that this research has qualified successors.

Multiple Communication Channels in Literary Texts

The statistical theory of language translation is used to compare how a literary character speaks to different audiences by diversifying two important linguistic communication channels: the “sentences channel” and the “interpunctions channel”. The theory can “measure” how the author shapes a character speaking to different audiences, by modulating deep-language parameters. To show its power, we have applied the theory to the literary corpus of Maria Valtorta, an Italian mystic of the XX-century. The likeness index , ranging from 0 to 1, allows to “measure” how two linguistic channels are similar, therefore implying that a character speaks to different audiences in the same way. A 6-dB difference between the signal-to-noise ratios of two channels already gives IL ≈ 0.5, a threshold below which the two channels depend very little on each other, therefore implying that the character addresses different audiences differently. In conclusion, multiple linguistic channels can describe the “fine tuning” that a literary author uses to diversify characters or distinguish the behavior of the same character in different situations. The theory can be applied to literary corpora written in any alphabetical language.

Pope＇s ＂Language of the Heart＂ in Wordsworth＇ s Tintern Abbey

The Romantics＇ relationship with Alexander Pope and his literary authority was a complicated one, and William Wordsworth＇s opinion of Pope oscillated between reverence and disdain throughout his life. This paper seeks to explore the underlying emotions embedded in Wordsworth＇s borrowing of Alexander Pope＇s expression, the ＂language of the heart,＂ in the poem Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour （1798）. The author traces Pope＇s use of the ＂heart＂ to refer to his literary predecessor Abraham Cowley in The First Epistle of the Second Book of Horace, Imitated （Pope＇s Epistle to Augustus） （1737） and to his father in An Epistle to Arbuthnot （1735）. In focusing on Pope＇s attribution of the ＂language of the heart＂ to his father and Wordsworth＇s reference using Pope＇s phrase to his sister Dorothy, the author demonstrates how the poets express at once fondness towards a beloved family member and a desire for detachment from the kin who is no match for the poet with regards to such qualities as erudition and ambition. Through these examinations, the author shows that the connection between Pope and his father and between Wordsworth and his sister, through the common adage of＂language of the heart,＂ is in fact representative of Wordsworth＇s own bearing with Pope.

What Fails English as the Dream Language of Rural India？

Rural masses in India view English as the language of socio-economic empowerment through education. Education could be either in English or in regional languages, but children should learn English, because it is seen as the key to the world of opportunities in higher education and employment. The governments need to politically respond to the aspirations of the common masses keeping aside both politicised language policies and theoretical linguistic inputs that encourage one＇s mother tongue as the ideal medium of instruction. Onerous responsibility lays on men, methods, and materials over which government have the least say, but the practising teachers of English and academics who help bureaucrats in framing language policies in India are solely responsible for non-realization of dreams of the masses. There is something terribly rotten in the state of English-teaching enterprise in India. This paper proposes to examine the present state of affairs in the teaching of English to rural students and to offer constructive alternatives to the existing package of men, materials, and methods.

Language of Indifference:The Voice of the Powerless in the Select Works of Filipino Artists

The study focused on the elements of nationalist consciousness as the language of indifference in Philippine literature through the works of select contemporary Filipino writers.Identified masterpieces of the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature 1 awardees that have Marxist tendencies were evaluated using the Marxist Literary Approach to identify the elements of nationalist consciousness and to deduce the implications on the relationship of literature and society.The elements of nationalist consciousness were identified by taking in consideration the main struggles of the characters which were revealed in the characters’lines.These were classified using a researcher-made checklist.Common and recurring themes like class struggle,injustice,wanton disregard for human worth,indifference,moral degradation,political unrest,insurgency,inequality,exploitation,harassment,police brutality,poverty,and violence were considered negative elements as they mirror the struggles of the oppressed and abused characters.The significant contribution of the study lies in its richness in values,realities,and insights into human experiences as it ascertained the socio-economic problems embedded in the works.Evidently as concluded,reforms,justice,and true peace were found absent in the works and these were the essential values that the characters and personas tried to find as they relate with other characters.Fundamentally,literature and society are inseparable and that literary prisms can be vehicles of change in the society.

Semioethics and Philosophy of Language as Recovery of Listening

Semioethics is the vocation of semiotics,because responsive understanding is the original vocation of the sign,where responding is not limited to the word,or to any type of identification interpretant. Listening is encounter,going towards the other,hospitality,responsiveness not as initiative by the person responding,responsibility without alibis.Human semiosis is characterized by metasemiosis:the capacity to reflect on signs,to suspend responses and deliberate,beyond immediate semiosis undistinguished from the response to it. Human semiosis is characterized by metasemiosis:the capacity to reflect on signs,to suspend responses and deliberate.This capacity involves an inescapable responsibility from the human animal towards life over the whole planet.Susan Petrilli’s book begins with a question,in the title of the first chapter,concerning the relation between "Semiosis and Life":What lies in their future? Her response:our present is the future perfect of semiotics.The problem is not simply of the theoretical order,given that semiotics is also implicated as semeiotics,as symtomatology.The relation between semiotics and the question of the health of life at the planetary level is not only of the historical order,ensuing from the connection of semiotics today with medical semeiotics,symptomatology,beginning with Hippocrates and Galen.The human being as a "semiotic animal"is the only animal responsible for semiosis,for life,even more so the professional scholar of signs.

A Review and Prospect of the Research on English Teacher Feedback in China from 2011 to 2021

This study uses the literature research method to search the domestic literature on English teacher feedback from 2011 to 2021,and reviews the research on the three main functions of English teacher feedback,namely language function,cognitive function,and emotional function,so as to explore the current situation of domestic research on teacher feedback.The results show that:First,in terms of research methods,the study of teacher feedback mainly adopts the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods,and reveals the characteristics of the use of teacher feedback in Chinese English classrooms.Secondly,in terms of research objects,the research on teacher feedback in China is biased towards the research in universities and high school classrooms.Finally,in terms of research perspectives,the study of teacher feedback is mainly conducted from the perspective of classification,characteristics and functions of feedback.This paper also finds existing problems in the current research and prospects for future trends in development for future research.

A Literature Review of Pragmatic Failure

In 1983, Jenny Thomas published her"Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure"in Applied Linguistics.Since its introduction, pragmatic failure has rapidly become an issue of broad interest in the field of linguistics. This essay aims to provide a literary review of pragmatic failure in regards to its definition, applications as well as prospects of research from both in China and abroad.

A Review of Studies on Jane Eyre in the Recent Years in China

Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of the famous English writer Charlotte Bronte's in 19 th century. From its coming into being,it has appealed a lot of literary critics to explore the heroine, Jane Eyre. Their opinions are positive, negative, or they study it from different aspects. So it's very necessary to have a review about these different views in order that readers can understand it more clearly. This essay attempts to summarize these different literary critics in the recent years in China, mainly from Jane Eyre's characters, and through the approaches of feminism, religious consciousness, and comparison with other females.

普通话写作潮流与文学语言的当代转型

从语言纯洁到语言规范,其标准与规格在20世纪50年代落脚于民族共同语的代名词普通话之上。动员作家充分运用普通话进行写作,是当时文学创作的一大特征与使命。普通话写作潮流的发生、演变离不开广大作家与编辑的共同努力,其中编辑工作的助推作用不可或缺。不同代际作家在普通话写作潮流中表现出不同路径与姿态,包括新作与旧作重版在内,其中不乏典型作家与作品,自我编辑与编辑加工始终贯穿这一过程。普通话写作潮流中作家与编辑存在相互制约、相互促成的一面,也存在矛盾冲突、語流变的一面,文学语言的规范、调适和转型则是最为核心的内容。

19世纪初俄国文学的新旧语体之争

19世纪初的俄国有一场关于新旧语体的论争,非常类似于中国新文化运动时期的文白之争。论争一方以希什科夫为代表,坚持俄语的旧斯拉夫语体系,反对引入西方特别是法国的新语言新词汇新概念,且认为这不仅是语言问题,更是保存民族性问题;另一方以卡拉姆辛和茹科夫斯基为代表,倡导并在创作中实践语言革新,减少旧斯拉夫语的使用,简化语法,引入外来语等。前者支持者集中于“俄语爱好者对话”社,后者形成“阿尔扎马斯”文学社。两派均希望以自己的主张为原则,实现统一的俄语文学语言;而普希金融合了“高级语体”与“低级语体”,“古典”与“现代”风格,逐步实现了现代俄语语言的统一,因而被冠以“现代俄语语言之父”,从而使其后世作家将俄国文学带向了世界文学的高峰。

基于模糊理论指导的语文阅读教学刍论

恰当地运用模糊理论指导语文阅读教学,能够使学生准确把握文章的思想内涵和审美意象,更深层次地理解文章的意义,也能从总体上提升学生的语文核心素养。文章结合教学实践,基于模糊理论在语文教学中的具体体现,提出模糊理论在语文阅读教学中的应用策略,包括制定教学目标、生成弹性空间,咀嚼感悟、体味意境,激发想象、填补空白,打破常规、发散思维,模糊答案、延迟评价等,以期提升语文阅读教学质量,提升学生语文核心素养。

语文教学视角下的文学语言分析策略

语言分析是文本解读的基础,也是发展学生语文核心素养的重要途径。语文教学视角下的文学语言,具有支持学生理解作品之意、欣赏文本之美和学习语用之道等重要功能。据此,文学语言分析要经历“因言求意”“审言析美”“觅言为用”等过程:“因言求意”是把文学语言作为意指符号来分析,重在大语境性之下把握文学语言的表现意义并关注文学文本的语意空白;“审言析美”是把文学语言作为审美客体来分析,重在揭示文学语言“自指”“曲指”“虚指”等审美特性的表征和效果;“觅言为用”是把文学语言作为语用范例来分析,重在针对学生语言表达趋同、不得体、不规范等实际问题,发现并实现文学语言的语用指导价值。三者因文学语言的特性和学生的学习需要而存在密切联系。在教学实践中,教师的语言分析具有灵活性,既可从不同维度多次进入同一文本,也可在一次文本阅读中同时关注多个维度。

香港地区粤语“文白异读”现象的社会调查

本研究采用社会语言学调查和变项规则分析等方法,考察了香港地区粤语中的文白异读情况,描述了粤语的文白异读的音韵学特征,分析了在年龄、性别和教育水平等变量影响下,不同言语社团在文白异读方面呈现的变异规律。研究发现香港地区粤语的白话音在文白异读中更常用,表明了白话音取代文读音的趋势,词汇扩散理论更适合解释香港地区粤语中文白异读语音动态变化过程。本文结合当前香港地区粤语的文白异读现实状况,为未来文白异读字词的教育发展方向提出了从俗从理的改进建议。

汉语言文学中语言的运用和意境研究

汉语言文学中蕴含着极其丰富的语言文化内容和底蕴,在社会不断发展与进步的过程中,汉语言文学的研究范围也在不断拓展,对汉语言文学中语言的运用和意境进行研究分析,了解汉语言文学中语言的使用方法与技巧,懂得在阅读文学作品、文学作品创作及人际交往的过程中提高对汉语言的运用能力和意境分析能力,对汉语言文学的健康、长远发展具有十分重要的意义。该文首先简要分析了汉语言文学中的语言特点,对汉语言文学中语言的运用策略进行探讨;其次阐述了汉语言文学中语言语境的创设意义与价值;最后提出提高汉语言文学中语言应用和意境分析能力的对策与建议,以期为我国汉语言文学的创新发展形成有价值的研究支持。

文学创新与文化建构——论汤亭亭的跨语言写作

汤亭亭的文学性与文化性特色在其跨语言写作中有着充分展示。她将粤方言、标准汉语及中式的洋泾浜英语纳入了自己的文学语言之中,有机地达成了英语与汉语两种语言的跨语言写作。她的异质语言文字的整合运用写作实践中蕴含着多重文化指涉。借助跨语言写作,汤亭亭在一定程度上实现了她创作另类诗化小说的理想。以汤亭亭为代表的华裔作者在跨语言写作中结合了中西文化,较好地实现了异质文化的融合。这既是文学创新,也是文化建构,从侧面展现了中国文化和思想在异域的极强生命力,具有较大的理论价值和现实意义。

文学语言的审美特征、艺术表现及当代意义

文学语言在文学艺术中具有独立、重要的审美价值。作为文学的基本构成要素,文学语言是一种审美化的语言形式,其审美特征可概括为韵律性、蕴藉性、修辞性和陌生化。文学语言的艺术表现是多元的,大体包括塑造间接性艺术形象、反映恢宏幽微的物质化世界、探求有意味的情感世界。正是文学语言自身的审美性与多元的艺术表现,使文学语言对历史传统、文学发展、个体生存产生了积极意义,并在当今社会获得不可替代的重要位置。

外交语境中文学语言翻译的原则与策略——以文化典籍中诗词格言的译法为例

文学语言进入外交语境后就被赋予政治内涵承担政治任务。因此,传统的文学翻译原则已无法满足外事翻译工作需要,必须根据外交语境的特点制定出新的翻译标准,才能完成国家间的跨文化交流与沟通任务。以外交语境中的文学语言翻译为案例,有必要提出一种新的复合性原则,即政治等效+审美等效。准确传达讲话人的政治意图、政治内涵、政治倾向,同时亦展现其音形意之美,使译文和原文具备同等的政治等效和审美等效。

印尼语语流音变分析

语流音变是语言发展变化的一个重要部分。印尼语中常见的语流音变现象存在于书面语和口语中,二者表现不同,书面语中的语流音变现象均是不自由音变,只要音变条件出现,就会产生音变现象,而口语中的语流音变是自由变体,多受语音环境、说话速度和个人习惯的影响。印尼语中的语流音变有同化、异化、弱化、减音、增音和代替6种类型,这六种音变类型通常不是单独发生,而是多类型融合发生。