Therapeutic Communication Methods Targeting Families and Family Members: A Literature Review

Background and Purpose: Therapeutic communication is a new term in family health care nursing, defined by Hohashi (2019) as a method of family intervention, and characterized by inclusion of not only verbal conversation but also nonverbal interaction. However, specific therapeutic communication methods have not been systematized. The purpose of this study was to clarify therapeutic communication methods for families/family members from the perspectives of verbal communication and non-verbal communication through a review of existing literature. Methods: We conducted a search using the medical literature databases PubMed and Ichushi-Web using the keywords “therapeutic communication”. Analysis was performed on seven articles from PubMed and 14 articles from Ichushi-Web that described therapeutic communication methods performed by healthcare professionals for families/family members. Through directed content analysis, therapeutic communication methods were subcategorized, and classified into three categories: verbal communication, non-verbal communication, and verbal/non-verbal communication. Results: A total of 23 subcategories were extracted. Verbal communication included 11 subcategories, such as “asking questions using the communicatee’s words as they are”. Non-verbal communication included five subcategories, such as “noticing changes in the content of the communicatee’s story”. And verbal/non-verbal communication featured seven subcategories, such as “making the communicatee aware of one’s own beliefs”. Conclusion: Therapeutic communication methods included basic care/caring in family interviews/meetings, as well as verbal communication and non-verbal communication that act on family/family members’ beliefs. It is believed that changes in family/family members’ beliefs can be used to eliminate, reduce, or improve problematic conditions in the family. .

Irregular dietary habits as a predictor of stunting occurrence among children under 5 years of age:a literature review

Objective:To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review method.Methods:This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietary habits of children with stunting problem.All the literature review processes employed Guideline Review measurement of Joanna Briggs Institute.Related ar ticles in literature were obtained from journal databases,such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and Dimensions through structured research question with Patient,Exposure an interest,Outcome or response(PEO)methods.Results:This study found 2246 published ar ticles from 2018 to 2021 about children with stunting.Screening process was conducted fur ther to eliminate ar ticles with irrelevant titles and abstracts,and also the unsuitable ar ticles with the research question;hence,about 9 ar ticles were eligible to be reviewed ahead.All these ar ticles mentioned that children with irregular dietary habits would likely experience stunting.The low intake of nutritional food became the major predictor of stunting.Conclusions:Inappropriate feeding patterns and the variety of food were being the factors of stunting emergence among children<5 years of age.High consumption of carbohydrates,less animal-based protein,and misunderstanding about intake of sweetenedcondensed milk predisposed children to suffer stunting.

Explainable Rules and Heuristics in AI Algorithm Recommendation Approaches——A Systematic Literature Review and Mapping Study

The exponential use of artificial intelligence(AI)to solve and automated complex tasks has catapulted its popularity generating some challenges that need to be addressed.While AI is a powerfulmeans to discover interesting patterns and obtain predictive models,the use of these algorithms comes with a great responsibility,as an incomplete or unbalanced set of training data or an unproper interpretation of the models’outcomes could result in misleading conclusions that ultimately could become very dangerous.For these reasons,it is important to rely on expert knowledge when applying these methods.However,not every user can count on this specific expertise;non-AIexpert users could also benefit from applying these powerful algorithms to their domain problems,but they need basic guidelines to obtain themost out of AI models.The goal of this work is to present a systematic review of the literature to analyze studies whose outcomes are explainable rules and heuristics to select suitable AI algorithms given a set of input features.The systematic review follows the methodology proposed by Kitchenham and other authors in the field of software engineering.As a result,9 papers that tackle AI algorithmrecommendation through tangible and traceable rules and heuristics were collected.The reduced number of retrieved papers suggests a lack of reporting explicit rules and heuristics when testing the suitability and performance of AI algorithms.

Mastering the craft:Creating an insightful and widely-cited literature review

The art of constructing an insightful literature review manuscript has witnessed an exemplar in the work of Oz et al(2023),wherein concept progression harmoniously merges with figures and tables.Reflecting on retrospective data science,it is evident that well-cited articles can wield a transformative influence on the Journal Citation Reports Impact Factor score,as exemplified by Robert Weinberg’s landmark on cancer(Hanahan and Weinberg,2011).Here,we aim to spotlight a commendable contribution by Tuba Oz,Ajeet Kaushik,and Małgorzata Kujawska in this issue while pivoting towards identifying the hallmarks of a subpar literature review-elements that hinder rather than promote advancement.The hurdles and roadblocks encountered within subpar literature reviews are multifold.Anticipation of emerging trends,identification of challenges,and exploration of solutions remain conspicuously absent.Original Contributions fail to surface amidst the vast sea of pre-existing literature,with noticeable gaps amplified by the lack of illustrative figures and tables.The manuscript,at times,assumes a skeletal form,reflecting an attempt to accommodate an excess of references,leading to convoluted sentences laden with citations.In contrast,a potent solution lies in adopting a comprehensive approach.A nuanced and critical evaluation of sources can culminate in a robust discussion,surpassing the mere summarization of conclusions drawn by others.This approach,often dismissed,holds the potential to elevate clarity,coherence,and logical flow,ultimately inviting engaged readership and coveted citations.The critical necessity of integrating visionary insights is underscored and achieved through a rigorous analysis of pivotal concepts and innovative ideas.Examples can be harnessed to elucidate the application of these solutions.We advocate a paradigm shift,urging literature review writers to embrace the readers’perspective.A literature review’s purpose extends beyond providing a comprehensive panorama;it should illuminate avenues for concept development within a specific field of interest.By achieving this balance,literature reviews stand to captivate a devoted readership,paving the way for manuscripts that are both widely read and frequently cited.The pathway forward requires a fusion of astute analysis and visionary insights,shaping the future of literature review composition.

CK5/6-positive,P63-positive lymphoepithelioma-like hepatocellular carcinoma:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(LELC),a rare and unique variant of liver cancer,can be divided into lymphoepithelioma-like hepatocellular carcinoma and lymphoepithelioma-like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Dense lymphocytic infiltration is its characteristic pathological feature.In recent years,the number of reported cases of this type has increased each year.Studies have shown that lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma occurs more frequently in Asian women;LELC is associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection of liver cells of epithelial origin.Existing research shows that the prognosis of this tumour is good.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old female patient was hospitalized after 3 mo of abdominal pain and nausea.She had been infected with hepatitis B virus more than 10 years prior.The patient was hospitalized on January 21,2022.Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 36 mm×28 mm mass under the envelope of the left inner lobe of the liver.No metastasis of lymph nodes or other organs was observed.After left hemihepatectomy,biopsy and immunohistochemistry yielded a final diagnosis of lymphoepithelial hepatocellular carcinoma.After 12 mo of outpatient follow-up and chemotherapy,no tumour metastases were found on the latest computed tomography examination.CONCLUSION Herein,the patient was treated surgically and then followed up as an outpatient for 12 mo.This case will further expand our overall knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of this rare tumor.

Renal pelvis sarcomatoid carcinoma with renal vein tumor thrombus:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Renal pelvis sarcomatoid carcinoma(RPSC)is a rare and aggressive malignancy whose diagnosis is difficult because radiological imaging results can lead to misclassification as a more common type of renal tumor.In addition,clinical management of patients with RPSC is difficult because of the limited efficacy of available treatments.In this study,we present a comprehensive description of a patient who presented with RPSC and a simultaneous renal vein tumor thrombus.CASE SUMMARY During April,2020,a 64-year-old female presented with an isolated episode of hematuria accompanied by abdominal pain.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed a lesion in the right renal pelvis.We therefore performed a radical nephrectomy of the right kidney.The subsequent histopathological and immunological results verified the diagnosis of RPSC.Despite administration of 6 cycles of a gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen,the patient's condition progressively deteriorated,and she died about 15 mo after the nephrectomy.CONCLUSION We performed a comprehensive analysis of a patient with RPSC that included CT,MRI,immunohistochemistry,and genetic testing.The insights from our detailed analysis of this patient and our concomitant review of the literature may assist clinicians in their diagnosis and treatment of RPSC.

A Literature Review on “Non- Marriage”: A Global Comparative Perspective

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the existing literature on the phenomenon of non-marriage or staying unmarried in Asian countries such as China,Japan,South Korea,and Singapore,as well as European and American countries such as Spain and the US,and explores the trends,characteristics as well as reasons behind such a phenomenon.Through analysis,the present study found that there is a growing trend of postponed marriage and parenthood as well as an increasing proportion of individuals who exhibit no enthusiasm towards matrimony or parenthood in the aforementioned countries.To some extent,non-marriage or postponed marriage has become a prevalent trend in developed countries and even some developing countries.Japan,South Korea,and several developed countries in Europe and America have exhibited this phenomenon since the middle to late 20th century,with a relatively long history.The emergence of this phenomenon in China,Malaysia,the Philippines,and other developing countries in Asia,however,was relatively late,exhibiting a gradual development process.The current marriage landscape in China is characterized by a growing number of non-marriage individuals and a significant level of marital stability.In terms of reasons for staying unmarried,the marriage rates in the aforementioned countries can be attributed to various factors at macro,meso,and micro levels.In China,the phenomenon of non-marriage is closely associated with a range of factors,including diverse values and attitudes towards romance and marriage,marriage squeeze,education expansion,and the rise in females’economic and social status.The emphasis in future research should be placed on predicting the phenomenon of non-marriage,with a specific focus on exploring the reasons for advocating non-marriage,examining the internal mechanisms underlying this phenomenon,analyzing the consequences of non-marriage,and proposing corresponding countermeasures while establishing the public identity towards marriage.

The Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Literature Review

Background: This review delves into the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on healthcare, which is a crucial aspect considering the increasing costs of healthcare worldwide. While there is potential for AI to enhance healthcare delivery and efficiency, there are still uncertainties surrounding its effectiveness, value, and broader adoption. This comprehensive literature review aims to explore and synthesize existing knowledge on the economic impact of AI in healthcare. The primary objective of this review is to understand the potential cost savings and efficiency improvements associated with the deployment of AI in healthcare settings. By highlighting the economic implications of AI, this review seeks to offer insights into the value proposition of investing in AI technologies for stakeholders such as healthcare providers, payers, and policymakers. Methods: To conduct this review, we conducted a search of literature from 2020 to 2023 across three databases: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. We specifically focused on studies that discuss the impacts of AI in healthcare and include cost evaluations, using combinations of keywords related to AI, economics, healthcare, and cost evaluation. The inclusion criteria were studies that conducted some form of economic evaluation related to AI in healthcare settings, while exclusion criteria were studies without a cost evaluation component. Data extraction and quality assessment using the CASP checklist were undertaken on the final set of included studies. Results: After screening studies, we identified 10 out of a total of 28 studies and reports that met our criteria of outlining any form of economic impact and evaluation of AI in healthcare settings. Based on our findings, implementing AI in healthcare could potentially lead to cost savings. Several studies suggest savings ranging from $200 billion to $360 billion in the United States alone. The use of AI in healthcare sectors such as ophthalmology, radiology and disease screening has shown positive economic impacts. Conclusion: While AI has potential for cost savings and efficiency improvements, in healthcare settings, it’s crucial to conduct detailed context specific cost evaluations to optimize the adoption and implementation strategies of AI.

Support from Healthcare Professionals for Couples/Partners Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology in Japan: A Literature Review

Background and Purpose: A growing number of couples/partners have been undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Japan. The purpose of this study was to clarify the support from healthcare professionals based on the support vectors in the Family Care/Caring Theory proposed by Hohashi (2015) through a literature review. Methods: Using Ichushi-Web, we searched for original articles using the keywords “assisted reproductive technology”, “infertility”, “family”, “couple”, “nursing”, “care”, and “support”. Thirteen articles suitable for the purpose of this study were subjected to content analysis. Family support was encoded and grouped into subcategories and categories, and classified according to support vectors. Results: A total of 21 categories of support from healthcare professionals was extracted. Intervention for family internal environment included seven categories, such as “Nursing professionals stay close to females”. Intervention for family system unit included five categories, such as “Nursing professionals adjust couple/partner relationships”. Intervention for micro system only included “Nursing professionals provide opportunities for peer support to the couples/partners” and intervention for macro system only included “Nursing professionals encourage medical doctors to relate to females”. Intervention for family chrono environment included seven categories, such as “Healthcare professionals resolve female’s anxieties”. Conclusion: The support from healthcare professionals could be organized by the support vectors of Family Care/Caring Theory, but intervention for supra system (culture, religion, etc.) was lacking. Moreover, because most support was directed toward females or couples/partners, male-focused direct and/or indirect support are also needed. .

Research Literature Review on Mongolian Heroic Epic Jangar(1978-2023)

There is abundant research on the epic Jangar,which involves many fields such as literature,culture,document,etc.The cross-study between Jangar and different disciplines boosts its continued vitality in the contemporary era.The research achievements are as follows.The comparative research is remarkable and the linkage development trend with domestic and foreign literature is optimistic.Besides,multi-channel cultural research is concurrent with steadily advanced source exploration,and the research field has expanded under multidisciplinary guidance.Outstanding achievements have been made in Jangar and Jangarology,and the research on epic development and literature collation has attracted much attention.Meanwhile,the expansion of theoretical construction and the innovation of communication methods flourish the research on Jangar.However,as for the current research situation,there are still some challenges,such as divides in basic problems,insufficient in-depth and comprehensive research fields,and hardships in implementing the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage.

Evidence-based literature review:De-duplication a cornerstone for quality

Evidence-based literature reviews play a vital role in contemporary research,facilitating the synthesis of knowledge from multiple sources to inform decisionmaking and scientific advancements.Within this framework,de-duplication emerges as a part of the process for ensuring the integrity and reliability of evidence extraction.This opinion review delves into the evolution of de-duplication,highlights its importance in evidence synthesis,explores various de-duplication methods,discusses evolving technologies,and proposes best practices.By addressing ethical considerations this paper emphasizes the significance of deduplication as a cornerstone for quality in evidence-based literature reviews.

A Literature Review on Exploring Effective Flipped Classroom Strategies in College ESL Teaching

Flipped classroom has been widely recognized as an innovative and effective instructional approach by educators and researchers.In the paper,the author did a series of researches on ESL flipped classroom teaching literature and made a related literature review on its application in college ESL teaching,aiming to explore more relevant effective strategies that can promote college ESL teaching and learning effect authentically.Besides,the review can also provide some research reference for college ESL educators.

Big Data Analytics in Telecommunications: Literature Review and Architecture Recommendations

This paper focuses on facilitating state-of-the-art applications of big data analytics(BDA) architectures and infrastructures to telecommunications(telecom) industrial sector.Telecom companies are dealing with terabytes to petabytes of data on a daily basis. Io T applications in telecom are further contributing to this data deluge. Recent advances in BDA have exposed new opportunities to get actionable insights from telecom big data. These benefits and the fast-changing BDA technology landscape make it important to investigate existing BDA applications to telecom sector. For this, we initially determine published research on BDA applications to telecom through a systematic literature review through which we filter 38 articles and categorize them in frameworks, use cases, literature reviews, white papers and experimental validations. We also discuss the benefits and challenges mentioned in these articles. We find that experiments are all proof of concepts(POC) on a severely limited BDA technology stack(as compared to the available technology stack), i.e.,we did not find any work focusing on full-fledged BDA implementation in an operational telecom environment. To facilitate these applications at research-level, we propose a state-of-the-art lambda architecture for BDA pipeline implementation(called Lambda Tel) based completely on open source BDA technologies and the standard Python language, along with relevant guidelines.We discovered only one research paper which presented a relatively-limited lambda architecture using the proprietary AWS cloud infrastructure. We believe Lambda Tel presents a clear roadmap for telecom industry practitioners to implement and enhance BDA applications in their enterprises.

Big Data Analytics in Healthcare——A Systematic Literature Review and Roadmap for Practical Implementation

The advent of healthcare information management systems(HIMSs)continues to produce large volumes of healthcare data for patient care and compliance and regulatory requirements at a global scale.Analysis of this big data allows for boundless potential outcomes for discovering knowledge.Big data analytics(BDA)in healthcare can,for instance,help determine causes of diseases,generate effective diagnoses,enhance Qo S guarantees by increasing efficiency of the healthcare delivery and effectiveness and viability of treatments,generate accurate predictions of readmissions,enhance clinical care,and pinpoint opportunities for cost savings.However,BDA implementations in any domain are generally complicated and resource-intensive with a high failure rate and no roadmap or success strategies to guide the practitioners.In this paper,we present a comprehensive roadmap to derive insights from BDA in the healthcare(patient care)domain,based on the results of a systematic literature review.We initially determine big data characteristics for healthcare and then review BDA applications to healthcare in academic research focusing particularly on No SQL databases.We also identify the limitations and challenges of these applications and justify the potential of No SQL databases to address these challenges and further enhance BDA healthcare research.We then propose and describe a state-of-the-art BDA architecture called Med-BDA for healthcare domain which solves all current BDA challenges and is based on the latest zeta big data paradigm.We also present success strategies to ensure the working of Med-BDA along with outlining the major benefits of BDA applications to healthcare.Finally,we compare our work with other related literature reviews across twelve hallmark features to justify the novelty and importance of our work.The aforementioned contributions of our work are collectively unique and clearly present a roadmap for clinical administrators,practitioners and professionals to successfully implement BDA initiatives in their organizations.

Quality of life in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumours: A systematic literature review

BACKGROUND Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours(GEP-NETs)are slow-growing cancers that arise from diffuse endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract(GINETs)or the pancreas(P-NETs).They are relatively uncommon,accounting for 2%of all gastrointestinal malignancies.The usual treatment options in advanced GEP-NET patients with metastatic disease include chemotherapy,biological therapies,and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.Understanding the impact of treatment on GEP-NET patients is paramount given the nature of the disease.Health-related quality of life(HRQoL)is increasingly important as a concept reflecting the patients’perspective in conjunction with the disease presentation,severity and treatment.AIM To conduct a systematic literature review to identify literature reporting HRQoL data in patients with GEP-NETs between January 1985 and November 2019.METHODS The PRISMA guiding principles were applied.MEDLINE,Embase and the Cochrane library were searched.Data extracted from the publications included type of study,patient population data(mid-gut/hind-gut/GI-NET/P-NET),sample size,intervention/comparators,HRQoL instruments,average and data spread of overall and sub-scores,and follow-up time for data collection.RESULTS Forty-three publications met the inclusion criteria.The heterogeneous nature of the different study populations was evident;the percentage of female participants ranged between 30%-60%,whilst average age ranged from 53.8 to 67.0 years.Eight studies investigated GI-NET patients only,six studies focused exclusively on P-NET patients and the remaining studies involved both patient populations or did not report the location of the primary tumour.The most commonly used instrument was the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30(n=28)with consistent results across studies;the GI-NET-specific module Quality of Life Questionnaire-GINET21 was used in six of these studies.A number of randomised trials demonstrated no HRQoL changes between active treatment and placebo arms.The Phase III NETTER-1 study provides the best data available for advanced GEP-NET patients;it shows that peptide receptor radionuclide therapy can significantly improve GEP-NET patients’HRQoL.CONCLUSION HRQoL instruments offer a means to monitor patients’general disease condition,disease progression and their physical and mental well-being.Instruments including the commonly used European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 and GINET21 lack,however,validation and a defined minimal clinical important difference specifically for GINET and P-NET patients.

Isolated metachronous splenic multiple metastases after colon cancer surgery: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Isolated splenic metastasis is a rare clinical entity.Multiple metastases in the spleen after radical colon resection in a patient who subsequently underwent a second local resection for isolated metachronous splenic metastasis are exceedingly rare.CASE SUMMARY We report a colon cancer patient who underwent laparoscopic radical colon resection 14 mo previously,and subsequently underwent a second local resection due to local recurrence detected by elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and positron emission tomography(PET).However,multiple metastases in the spleen were found 7 mo later by elevated serum CEA and PET-magnetic resonance imaging.Then the patient underwent total laparoscopic splenectomy.Local tumor recurrence and splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer(CRC)were found by postoperative pathology.Genetic analysis of these recurrent and metastatic tissues showed KRAS exon2,APC exon16 and TP53 exon6 missense mutations,but no mutations of NRAS,KRAF,EGFR,ERBB2,MET,MLH1,MSH2 and MSH6 were detected.Chemotherapy and target therapy were administered after multiple disciplinary team(MDT)consultation,and no tumor recurrence has been observed to date.We also reviewed the literature by conducting a search of the PubMed database using the following key words:CRC,splenic metastasis,isolated,and review.We identified 34 relevant papers,which included 28 cases of metachronous metastasis and 6 cases of simultaneous metastasis.CONCLUSION Close monitoring of serum CEA levels is crucial for the detection of isolated splenic metastases after colon surgery.In terms of overall survival and progression-free survival,MDT plays an important role in the entire process of disease management.

Complicated course of biliary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor mimicking hilar cholangiocarcinoma:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)is a rare,idiopathic,usually benign,mass-forming disease with myofibroblastic proliferation and a varying amount of inflammatory cells.Although it can affect various organs,the biliary tract is a rare localization of primary IMT,clinically,endoscopically and radiologically imitating cholangiocarcinoma.The treatment options are based only on clinical practice experience.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old woman was referred to our center due to progressive fatigue,weight loss,abdominal pain,night sweats,and elevated liver enzymes.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)revealed proximal common hepatic duct and hilar biliary strictures extending bilaterally to lobular bile ducts.Although initial clinical,endoscopic and radiological signs were typical for hilar cholangiocarcinoma,histological examination showed no signs of malignancy.In total,8 biopsies using different approaches were performed(several biopsies from dominant stricture during ERCP and direct cholangioscopy;ultrasound-guided liver biopsy;diagnostic laparoscopy with liver and lymph node biopsies).Histological examination revealed signs of IMT,and the final diagnosis of biliary IMT was stated.Although IMT is usually a benign disease,in our case,it was complicated.All pharmacological treatment measures were ineffective.The patient still needs permanent stenting,suffers from recurrent infections and mechanical jaundice.Despite that,the patient already survived 24 mo.CONCLUSION IMT presenting with hilar biliary strictures is a unique diagnostic and clinical challenge as it is indistinguishable from cholangiocarcinoma,and there are no evidence-based treatment options.Our goal is to increase the understanding of this rare disease and its possible course.

Quality of life scales for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease:A literature review

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a common chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract that occurs in 3.1%of the Chinese population[1].Heartburn,acid regurgitation and epigastric pain are typical clinical symptoms of GERD.These symptoms can affect patients'work productivity,sleep,diet and daily activities,thus resulting in a reduced quality of life(QOL)[2].Although patient QOL is increasingly being considered as a medical outcome index in the evaluation of the impact of GERD symptoms on patients'health status,measuring patient QOL in clinical trials can be challenging due to the lack of a standard assessment tool.Therefore,we aim to review the commonly used generic,disease-specific and hybrid QOL questionnaires to evaluate patients with GERD to provide a reference for clinical nursing work.

Social credit:a comprehensive literature review

To avoid credit fraud,social credit within an economic system has become an increasingly important criterion for the evaluation of economic agent activity and guaranteeing the development of a market economy with minimal supervision costs.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the social credit literature from the perspectives of theoretical foundation,scoring methods,and regulatory mechanisms.The study considers the credit of various economic agents within the social credit system such as countries(or governments),corporations,and individuals and their credit variations in online markets(i.e.,network credit).A historical review of the theoretical(or model)development of economic agents is presented together with significant works and future research directions.Some interesting conclusions are summarized from the literature review.(1)Credit theory studies can be categorized into traditional and emerging schools both focusing on the economic explanation of social credit in conjunction with creation and evolution mechanisms.(2)The most popular credit scoring methods include expert systems,econometric models,artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,and their hybrid forms.Evaluation indexes should vary across different target agents.(3)The most pressing task for regulatory mechanisms that supervise social credit to avoid credit fraud is the establishment of shared credit databases with consistent data standards.

Analysis of status quo and research progress in nursing care for different typed coronavirus disease 2019: A literature review

At present,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‑19)are showing a surge in the world,to explore the clinical characteristics,treatment,and care of different types of COVID‑19.The authors reviewed the existing literature,selected,and analyzed the diagnosis and treatment records of 11 patients with COVID‑19 who were initially cured,including patient information,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination results,treatment principles,nursing evaluation,nursing goals,nursing diagnosis,and nursing measures,and found clinical similarities and differences in the care of different types of patients.Among them,nine patients recovered and discharged after receiving treatment,and two died.As there is no specific medicine,only symptomatic treatment and supportive treatment can be given.Eleven common nursing measures and special nursing measures of different levels were carried out for patients diagnosed with mild,common,severe,and critical illnesses,and different treatment methods were given according to the severity of signs and symptoms.By summarizing the similarities and differences of clinical nursing interventions,we hope to help improve the quality of care for patients diagnosed with COVID‑19.