An 0verview of Foreign Literature Studies in China from 1949 to 2019

In retrospect of foreign literature studies in China from 1949 to 2019,we have to acknowledge two fundamental facts.Firstly,although in the initial 30 years of this period foreign literature studies in China largely followed the Soviet model,neglecting Western literary and cultural traditions to some extentwith over a decade under the influence of extreme"leftist"trendsit was during this time that the groundwork for the academic framework of foreign literature studies was painstakingly laid.Secondly,with the influx of Western ideas,foreign literature studies during the subsequent 40 years underwent a complete paradigm shift,providing the spiritual nourishment for and playing a pioneering role in liberating thought and rectifying disorders.However,this period saw a conspicuous adoption of Western paradigms in foreign literature studies,thereby somewhat abandoning certain valuable traditions and academic stances that ought to have been upheld.Meanwhile,foreign literature studies in this period also experienced an undiscriminating acceptance and hasty integration of ideas,leading to a mixture of the good and the bad.This essay provides an important overview of 70 years of foreign literature studies in China,though the specific situations are much more complex.In recent years,as the ideas of cultural confidence and a community of shared future for mankind deeply resonate with the public,the principles of serving the Chinese people and Chinese socialist cause are increasingly becoming significant recognitions within China's foreign literature scholarly community.

Chinese Medicine Syndromes in Congestive Heart Failure:A Literature Study and Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Cases

Objective： To discuss the characteristics of Chinese medicine （CM） syndrome factors and distribution of congestive heart failure （CHF）, and provide a basis for the diagnosis criteria of essential syndromes. Methods： Based on databases of China National Knowledge infrastructure （CNKI, 1980--2012） and Chinese Journal of Chongqing VlP Database （1989-2012）, the eligible studies in CHF and extracted factors associated with compound syndromes were analyzed. All the syndromes were classified into deficiency, excess, and deficiency-excess in complexity syndrome were classified. Compound syndromes were separated into syndrome factors including single, double, three or four factors, along with the frequency of occurrence. The relation of CHF syndromes with age, gender, primary disease, brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） and cardiac functional grade was studied in 1,451 CHF cases （between December 2010 and September 2012）, and the clinical distribution of common CHF syndromes was summarized. Results： The literature study involved 6,799 CHF cases in 66 literatures after screening. Of the different factors affecting CHF, qi deficiency was the most important one. In deficiency syndrome, Xin （Heart）-qi-deficiency was the most common single factor, and deficiency of both qi and yin was the most common double factor. The retrospective analysis involved 1,451 CHF cases （431 cases with test results of BNP）. The xin blood stasis and obstruction and deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome were mostly seen in female patients, and phlegm-blocking-Xin-vessel and qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome mostly in males. Xin-qi-deficiency and qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome were mostly seen in patients aged 50--60 years. Patients aged over 60 years likely manifest deficiency of both qi and yin and Xin blood stasis and obstruction syndrome. The severity of syndrome is aggravated with increased BNP and cardiac functional grade. Conclusions： The essential syndromes of CHF include qi-deficiency-blood-stasis and deficiency of both qi and yin. The clinical distribution is linked to patients＇ age and gender. BNP and cardiac functional grade is closely related to CHF syndromes, which may indicate the severity of CM syndromes of CHF.

Discussion on the application principle of tuina manipulations for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in Chinese literatures in recent 30 years

Objective: To discuss the application principle in tuina manipulation for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH) in Chinese literatures published in recent 30 years. Methods: The three major Chinese databases, Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched to collect the studies of tuina man ipulati ons in treatment of LIDH published in rece nt 30 years. Clusteri ng an alysis was applied to an a lyze the top 20 tuina manipulati ons for LIDH. Results: The top 20 most frequently used manipulations for LIDH were Gun-rolling, Rou-kneading, Dian-digital pressing, oblique Ban-pulli ng, An-pressi ng, Tan bo-plucki ng,*Bashe rvpulli ng and exte nding, horiz on tai Tui-pushi ng, Na-graspi ng, Anrou-pressing and kneading, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, post-extension Ban-pulling, Mo-rubbing, Zhen-vibrating, Nie-pinching, fist-back Ji-tapping, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. The involved manipulations can be divided into two categories by the treated body areas. One category is applied to the soft tissues, including Gun-rolling, Rou-k neading, Dian-digital pressi ng, An-pressi ng, Tan bo-plucking, horiz ontal Tui-pushi ng, Na-graspi ng, An rou-pressi ng and kneading, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, Mo-rubbing, Zhervvibrating, Nie-pinching, and fist-back Ji-tapping methods. The other category is applied to bones and joints, including oblique Ban-pulling, Bashen-pulling and extending, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, post-extension Ban-pulling, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. Conclusion: Based on the treated body area, the tuina manipulations applied to treat LIDH are predominated by the ones performed on soft tissues, assisted by those on bones and joints. From the way of force exertion, the involved manipulations are majorly the swinging methods, followed by squeezing and pressing ones. The manipulations applied to bones and joints are predominated by the Ban-pulling ones, followed by the Bashepulling and extending ones.

Second Thoughts on the Proposition ＂Literature Is the Study of Man＂

20“”“”21“”“”“”20“”“”“” : “” In an essay written in the 1950s, Qian Gurong noted that Gorky once suggested calling literature “the study of man.” He went on to argue that Gorky was the first to have put forward this proposition. In the twenty-first century, Qian added the comment that “Rights to the statement 'Literature is the study of man' should go to H. Taine.” In this paper, I argue that in fact, Gorky never suggested calling literature “the study of man,” nor did Taine ever say in so many words “Literature is the study of man.” Nevertheless, it certainly took extraordinary courage and talent for Qian Gurong to have put forward this proposition and expounded on the “humane” character of literature given the political and literary situation of China in the 1950s. His act was of more than usual significance, for it had an enormously positive influence on literary creation and research in the succeeding half century. At the same time, it is worth noting that the proposition “Literature is the study of man” is not justifiable in terms of the principles of logic. In the new century, as we examine this proposition more rigorously, we can see its deficiencies more clearly: that is, man is the center, rather than the sole object, of literary description; man is a measure, rather than the sole measure, of literary criticism. Besides, literature should follow its own particular laws.

A Study on the Basic Drugs and Points for Point Application in Summer to Treat the Diseases with Attacks in Winter

Objective: To study the basic prescriptions of drugs and points for point application in summer to treat the diseases with attacks in winter and the law governing their compatibility. Methods: A database was set up by collecting and sorting out the relevant literature, and the analysis was made with the complex network. Results: It was found that Bai Jie Zi (白芥子 Semen Sinapis Albae), Xi Xin (细辛 Herba Asari), Gan Sui (甘遂 Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) and Yan Hu Suo (延胡索 Rhizoma Corydalis) were used as the basic prescriptions of drugs, Feishu (BL 13), Dazhui (GV 14) and Shanzhong (CV 17) were selected as the basic prescription of points. Conclusion: The knowledge obtained from the complex networks on the basic prescriptions of drugs and points for point-application in summer to treat diseases with attacks in winter can provide a data support for working out operation norms and carrying on verification research.

Analysis of Moxibustion Reports Published in Journals of Science Citation Index in Recent 5 Years

Objective： To analyze moxibustion reports published in the journals of Science Citation Index （SCI）, so as to grasp the current publication development of researches on moxibustion and to provide submission reference to such studies in the future. Methods： Moxibustion reports were searched on PubMed and ISI web of knowledge, and 2 reviewers extracted data independently for analysis. Studies qualified were analyzed from eight aspects： publishing amount, research type, source journal, impact factor （IF）, source country, source academy, indication and effect evaluation, comparison of studies between China and other countries. Results and Conclusion： Fifty-three associated reports published in journals of SC1 were selected. The publishing amount of moxibustion reports increased year by year, and majority of these reports were clinical researches and system reviews. IFs of most journals were less than 5. Diseases involved were various; however, the curative effect of moxibustion was still uncertain worldwide. The mechanism of moxibustion was not fully described, either. Further high-quality and convictive researches were still needed to define the curative effect of moxibustion and to increase the SCI publishing amounts.

Acupuncture-moxibustion Theories of Ge Hong

Ge Hong （261-341）, courtesy name Zhichuan, also known as Baopuzi or Ge Ximlweng, born in Jurong of Danyang （present-day Jurong ofJimlgsu Pronce）, was a famous Taoist and physician during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He had a reputation for broad reading, mad was enthusiastic over Huamg Di Nei Jl＇ng （Yellow Emperor＇s Classic of InternM Mediclhe） and A^J J？hg （Classic of Ditticult Issues）, esoteric arts, mid alchemy. He was once ma official of theEastern Jin Dynasty, but later lived as a recluse on Luofu Mount of Guangdong Province. His one hundred scrolls of Yu Hail FaJlg （PrescripKons Hidden 111 Golden Chambe was supplemented later by Tao Hong-jing and Yang Yong-dao, and became Fu GuaJlg Zhou Hou BeiJi Fang （Supplement Handbook of Prescripgons for Emergenc [Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang （Handbook of Prescripgons for Emergencies） for short] nowadays, in which, convenient, low-price, and effective treatment methods were included.

A Blockchain-Based Scheme of Data Sharing for Housing Provident Fund

This paper proposes a secure,reliable and collaborative data-sharing system for China’s housing provident fund based on blockchain.Firstly,federal computingwas introduced to realize“available but invisible”sharing of data about housing provident fund,which reduces the data leakage risk and improves the data availability.Secondly,four data sharing modes were proposed to deal with different situations with different amount of data provider and data.Lastly,to realize individual data deep sharing on the premise of security,an enterprise and personal information query authorization mechanism was established to provide solutions to personal and institutional authorization.This system helps to realize both the internal and external data sharing of the housing provident fund system under the premise of security and privacy protection.This system improves the efficiency of housing provident fund issue,and fully taps the value of data comprehensively.