Thin polymer electrolyte with MXene functional layer for uniform Li^(+) deposition in all-solid-state lithium battery

Solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) shows great potential for all-solid-state batteries because of the inherent safety and flexibility;however, the unfavourable Li+deposition and large thickness hamper its development and application. Herein, a laminar MXene functional layer-thin SPE layer-cathode integration(MXene-PEO-LFP) is designed and fabricated. The MXene functional layer formed by stacking rigid MXene nanosheets imparts higher compressive strength relative to PEO electrolyte layer. And the abundant negatively-charged groups on MXene functional layer effectively repel anions and attract cations to adjust the charge distribution behavior at electrolyte–anode interface. Furthermore,the functional layer with rich lithiophilic groups and outstanding electronic conductivity results in low Li nucleation overpotential and nucleation energy barrier. In consequence, the cell assembled with MXene-PEO-LFP, where the PEO electrolyte layer is only 12 μm, much thinner than most solid electrolytes, exhibits uniform, dendrite-free Li+deposition and excellent cycling stability. High capacity(142.8 mAh g-1), stable operation of 140 cycles(capacity decay per cycle, 0.065%), and low polarization potential(0.5 C) are obtained in this Li|MXene-PEO-LFP cell,which is superior to most PEO-based electrolytes under identical condition. This integrated design may provide a strategy for the large-scale application of thin polymer electrolytes in all-solid-state battery.

Review on current development of polybenzimidazole membrane for lithium battery

With the rapid development of portable technology,lithium batteries have emerged as potential candidates for high-performance energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and cycling stability.Among the key components of a lithium battery system,the separator plays a critical role as it directly influences the battery performance benchmark(cycling performance and safety).However,traditional polyolefin separators(polypropylene/polyethylene)are unable to meet the demands of highperformance and safer battery systems due to their poor electrolyte compatibility,thermal runaways,and ultimate growth of dendrites.In contrast,membranes fabricated using polybenzimidazole(PBI)exhibit excellent electrolyte wettability and outstanding thermal dimensional stability,thus holding great potential as separators for high-performance and high-safety batteries.In this paper,we present a comprehensive review of the general requirements for separators,synthesis technology for separators,and research trends focusing PBI membranes in lithium batteries to alleviate the current commercial challenges faced by conventional polyolefin separators.In addition,we discuss the future development direction for PBI battery separators by considering various factors such as production cost,ecological footprint,preparation technology,and battery component compatibility.By exploring these perspectives,we aim to promote the continued application and exploration of PBI-based materials to advance lithium battery technology.

Laminar Composite Solid Electrolyte with Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-Threaded Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Battery

Developing laminar composite solid electrolyte with ultrathin thickness and continuous conduction channels in vertical direction holds great promise for all-solid-state lithium batteries.Herein,a thin,laminar solid electrolyte is synthesized by filtrating–NH 2 functionalized metal-organic framework nanosheets and then being threaded with poly(ethylene oxide)chains induced by the hydrogen-bonding interaction from–NH_(2) groups.It is demonstrated that the threaded poly(ethylene oxide)chains lock the adjacent metal-organic framework nanosheets,giving highly enhanced structural stability(Young’s modulus,1.3 GPa)to 7.5-μm-thick laminar composite solid electrolyte.Importantly,these poly(ethylene oxide)chains with stretching structure serve as continuous conduction pathways along the chains in pores.It makes the non-conduction laminar metal-organic framework electrolyte highly conductive:3.97×10^(−5) S cm^(−1) at 25℃,which is even over 25 times higher than that of pure poly(ethylene oxide)electrolyte.The assembled lithium cell,thus,acquires superior cycling stability,initial discharge capacity(148 mAh g^(−1) at 0.5 C and 60℃),and retention(94% after 150 cycles).Besides,the pore size of nanosheet is tailored(24.5–40.9˚A)to evaluate the mechanisms of chain conformation and ion transport in confined space.It shows that the confined pore only with proper size could facilitate the stretching of poly(ethylene oxide)chains,and meanwhile inhibit their disorder degree.Specifically,the pore size of 33.8˚A shows optimized confinement effect with trans-poly(ethylene oxide)and cis-poly(ethylene oxide)conformation,which offers great significance in ion conduction.Our design of poly(ethylene oxide)-threaded architecture provides a platform and paves a way to the rational design of next-generation high-performance porous electrolytes.

LiNbO3-coated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode with high discharge capacity and rate performance for all-solid-state lithium battery

In order to obtain high power density,energy density and safe energy storage lithium ion batteries(LIB)to meet growing demand for electronic products,oxide cathodes have been widely explored in all-solidstate lithium batteries(ASSLB)using sulfide solid electrolyte.However,the electrochemical performances are still not satisfactory,due to the high interfacial resistance caused by severe interfacial instability between sulfide solid electrolyte and oxide cathode,especially Ni-rich oxide cathodes,in charge-discharge process.Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)material at present is one of the most key cathode candidates to achieve the high energy density up to 300 Wh kg^-1 in liquid LIB,but rarely investigated in ASSLB using sulfide electrolyte.To design the stable interface between NCM811 and sulfide electrolyte should be extremely necessary.In this work,in view of our previous work,LiNbO3 coating with about 1 wt% content is adopted to improve the interfacial stability and the electrochemical performances of NCM811 cathode in ASSLB using Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolyte.Consequently,LiNbO3-coated NCM811 cathode displays the higher discharge capacity and rate performance than the reported oxide electrodes in ASSLB using sulfide solid electrolyte to our knowledge.

Discovery and design of lithium battery materials via high-throughput modeling

This paper reviews the rapid progress in the field of high-throughput modeling based on the Materials Genome Initiative, and its application in the discovery and design of lithium battery materials. It offers examples of screening, optimization and design of electrodes, electrolytes, coatings, additives, etc. and the possibility of introducing the machine learning method into material design. The application of the material genome method in the development of lithium battery materials provides the possibility to speed up the upgrading of new candidates in the discovery of lots of functional materials.

High-throughput theoretical design of lithium battery materials

The rapid evolution of high-throughput theoretical design schemes to discover new lithium battery materials is re- viewed, including fiigh-capacity cathodes, low-strain cathodes, anodes, solid state eleclrolytes, and electrolyte additives. With tfie development of efficient theoretical methods and inexpensive computers, high-throughput theoretical calculations have played an increasingly important role in the discovery of new malerials. With the help of automatic simnlation flow, many types of materials can be screened, optimized and designed from a structural database according to specific search criteria. In advanced cell technology, new materials for next generation lithium batteries are of great significance to achieve perlbmmnce, and some representative criteria are： higher energy density, better safety, and faster charge/discharge speed.

Novel Nanosized Adsorbing Composite Cathode Materials for the Next Generational Lithium Battery

A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The electrochemical performances of nano-composite were characterized by charge-discharge characteristic, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS）. The experimental results indicate that the electrochemical capability of nano- composite material was superior to that of traditional S-containing composite material. The cathode made by carbon-sulfur nano-composite material shows a good cycle ability and a high specific charge-discharge capacity. The HSAAC shows a vital role in adsorbing sublimed sulfur and the polysulfides within the cathode and is an excellent electric conductor for a sulfur cathode and prevents the shuttle behavior of the lithium-sulfur battery.

Kalman Filter Estimation of Lithium Battery SOC Based on Model Capacity Updating

High-precision estimation of lithium battery SOC can effectively optimize vehicle energy management,improve lithium battery safety protection,extend lithium battery cycle life,and reduce new energy vehicle costs.Based on the forgetting factor recursive least square method(FFRLS),Thevenin equivalent circuit model and Singular Value Decomposition-Unscented Kalman Filter(SVD-UKF),the SVD-UKF combined lithium battery SOC estimation algorithm with model capacity update is proposed,aiming at further improving the SOC estimation accuracy of lithium battery.The parameter identification of Thevenin model is studied by using the forgetting factor recursive least square method.To overcoming the shortcomings of Kalman filter linearization error and non-positive definite covariance matrix,the singular value decomposition unscented Kalman filter algorithm is proposed.It is worth mentioning that in order to consider the impact of battery available capacity attenuation on the estimation of lithium battery SOC,the model capacity update algorithm is used to optimize the model parameters and state joint estimation algorithm based on FFRLS&SVD-UKF.Verified by simulation and lithium battery test,the results show that the SVD-UKF algorithm based on model capacity update can accurately estimate the SOC of lithium battery in real time with the available capacity of lithium battery continuous attenuation.The purpose of improving the accuracy of SOC estimation of lithium batteries is achieved.

Electrochemical performance of Klason lignin as a low-cost cathode-active material for primary lithium battery

A few classes of organic compounds are promising electrode-active materials due to their high power and energy densities,low cost,environmental friendliness,and functionality.In the present work,the possibility of using Klason lignin extracted from buckwheat husks as a cathode-active material for a primary lithium battery has been investigated for the first time.The reaction mechanism in the lithium/lignin electrochemical cell was suggested based on the deep galvanostatic discharge（up to 0.005 V） data and cyclic voltammetry results.The dependence of the electrochemical behavior of the Klason lignin on the milling degree was evaluated.The maximum specific capacity of the lignin is equal to 600 m Ah g-1at a discharge current density of 75 μA cm-2.Beneficial effect of the thermal treatment of the Klason lignin cathode at250°C on the cell performance was established.It was found that the discharge capacity of the cell increased by 30% in the range from 3.3 to0.9 V for the treated cathode material.These results demonstrate the prospects of using Klason lignin-based electrochemical cells as low-rate primary power sources.

THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE NEW VANADIUM BRONZE (Li_3V_5O_(15)) CATHODE IN SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY

A new kind of vanadium bronze with rich lithium (Li_5V_5O_(15))was prepared from Li_2CO_3 and V_2O_5 at 680℃ for 24 hrs. The charge and discharge curves of bronze electrode were determined in organic electrolyte. One mole of this material could be incorporated up to 4 mole lithium at 0.2mA/cm^2 and 1.0V cut-off voltage, corresponding capacity about 340Ah/kg. Compared with the cell of Li/Li_(1+x)V_3O_5 the cell of Li/new bronze had higher capacity, smoother discberge curve, but lower plateau voltage (about 1.8V). The cycling behaviour of this material was good. The electrode insertion reaction was controlled by the lithium diffusion process in the bronze. This new bronze could be used for low voltage rechargeable lithium battery.

HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR YBa_2CuaO_(7-x) AS A LITHIUM BATTERY CATHODE

Superconductor YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) used as a material for lithium battery was examined in 1NLiClO_4 propylene carbonate/1,2-dimethoxyethane (1:1) solution. YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) exhibited 150 mAh/g of discharge capacity at 250 uA/cm^2 discharge current. An ac impedance measurements was carried out, the results have shown that the electrode reaction has low charge-transfer resistance and the chemical diffusion coeffic ient of Li^+ has a value of 10^(-11) cm^2/sec.

Summary of the Performance of V_(2)O_(5)Materials as Lithium Battery Cathode

Lithium battery has recently gained more and more attention worldwide.It has wide usage that range from toys to electric cars.Choosing a suitable material that best fits the overall performance as electrode for the battery is very essential.For cathode material,apart from the traditional and widely-used LiCoCO_(2),LiFePO_(4)and so on,there are innovations that include the use of V_(2)O_(5).Researches have been done focusing on how to further improve the performance for V_(2)O_(5)cathode in terms of different structure,forms or combination with other chemical molecules.This research paper will make a summary of the materials derived from traditional V_(2)O_(5)as well as their performances.

Advanced Nonflammable Localized High-Concentration Electrolyte For High Energy Density Lithium Battery

The key to realize long-life high energy density lithium batteries is to exploit functional electrolytes capable of stabilizing both high voltage cathode and lithium anode.The emergence of localized high-concentration electrolytes(LHCEs)shows great promise for ameliorating the above-mentioned interfacial issues.In this work,a lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate(LiDFOB)based nonflammable dual-anion LHCE is designed and prepared.Dissolving in the mixture of trimethyl phosphate(TMP)/1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropylether(D_(2)),the continuously consumption of LiDFOB is suppressed by simply introducing lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3)).Meantime,as most of the TMP molecular are coordinated with Li^(+),the electrolyte does not show incompatibility issue between neither metal lithium nor graphite anode.Therefore,it demonstrates excellent capability in stabilizing the interface of Ni-rich cathode and regulating lithium deposition morphology.The Li||LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.08)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(NCM87)batteries exhibit high capacity retention of more than 90%after 200 cycles even under the high cutoff voltage of 4.5 V,1 C rate.This study offers a prospective method to develop safe electrolytes suitable for high voltage applications,thus providing higher energy densities.

Application of Nonlinear Triangular Fuzzy Fault Tree Algorithm in Predicting Lithium Battery Air Transport Accidents

The traditional triangular fuzzy fault tree prediction model adopts the linear approximation method.Therefore,the accident prediction error is large.Based on the analysis of the error sources and the fuzzy set,the precise calculation method of the event at the top of the fault tree is given.By using the numerical calculation software,an accurate calculation method of nonlinear triangular fuzzy accident prediction was adopted to predict lithium battery air transport fire accidents,and the fuzzy importance of the cause event was calculated.

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Management of Lithium Battery Based on Air Cooled Heat Dissipation

In recent years,due to the rapid increase in the number of vehicles in the world,the traditional vehicles using gasoline or diesel as energy have led to serious air pollution and energy depletion.It is urgent to develop practical clean energy vehicles.The performance of electric vehicle depends on the power battery pack.The working temperature of the battery pack has a great impact on the performance of the battery,so it is necessary to carry out thermal management on the battery pack.Taking a lithium-ion battery as the research object,the temperature field of the battery pack in the charge and discharge state is simulated and analyzed by using CFD simulation software in the way of air cooled heat dissipation,so as to understand the influencing factors of uneven temperature field.At the same time,the development trend of battery temperature can be well predicted through simulation,so as to provide theoretical basis for the design of battery pack.

Artificial intelligence for the understanding of electrolyte chemistry and electrode interface in lithium battery

Recognizing the critical role of electrolyte chemistry and electrode interfaces in the performance and safety of lithium batteries,along with the urgent need for more sophisticated methods of analysis,this comprehensive review underscores the promise of machine learning(ML)models in this research field.It explores the application of these innovative methods to studying battery interfaces,particularly focusing on lithium metal anodes.Amid the limitations of traditional experimental techniques,the review supports a hybrid approach that couples experimental and simulation methods,enabling granular insights into the formation process and characteristics of battery interfaces at the molecular level and harnessing AI to extract patterns from voluminous data sets.It showcases the utility of such techniques in electrolyte design and battery life prediction and introduces a novel perspective on battery interface mechanisms.The review concludes by asserting the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)or ML models as invaluable tools in the future of battery research and highlights the importance of fostering confidence in these technologies within the scientific community.

Viability of all-solid-state lithium metal battery coupled with oxide solid-state electrolyte and high-capacity cathode

Owing to the utilization of lithium metal as anode with the ultrahigh theoretical capacity density of 3860 mA h g^(-1)and oxide-based ceramic solid-state electrolytes(SE),e.g.,garnet-type Li7La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO),all-state-state lithium metal batteries(ASLMBs)have been widely accepted as the promising alternatives for providing the satisfactory energy density and safety.However,its applications are still challenged by plenty of technical and scientific issues.In this contribution,the co-sintering temperature at 500℃is proved as a compromise method to fabricate the composite cathode with structural integrity and declined capacity fading of LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)(NCM).On the other hand,it tends to form weaker grain boundary(GB)inside polycrystalline LLZO at inadequate sintering temperature for LLZO,which can induce the intergranular failure of SE during the growth of Li filament inside the unavoidable defect on the interface of SE.Therefore,increasing the strength of GB,refining the grain to 0.4μm,and precluding the interfacial defect are suggested to postpone the electro-chemo-mechanical failure of SE with weak GB.Moreover,the advanced sintering techniques to lower the co-sintering temperature for both NCM-LLZO composite cathode and LLZO SE can be posted out to realize the viability of state-of-the-art ASLMBs with higher energy density as well as the guaranteed safety.

Inherent thermal-responsive strategies for safe lithium batteries

Safe batteries are the basis for next-generation application scenarios such as portable energy storage devices and electric vehicles,which are crucial to achieving carbon neutralization.Electrolytes,separators,and electrodes as main components of lithium batteries strongly affect the occurrence of safety accidents.Responsive materials,which can respond to external stimuli or environmental change,have triggered extensive attentions recently,holding great promise in facilitating safe and smart batteries.This review thoroughly discusses recent advances regarding the construction of high-safety lithium batteries based on internal thermal-responsive strategies,together with the corresponding changes in electrochemical performance under external stimulus.Furthermore,the existing challenges and outlook for the design of safe batteries are presented,creating valuable insights and proposing directions for the practical implementation of safe lithium batteries.

Fundamentals,recent developments and prospects of lithium and non-lithium electrochemical rechargeable battery systems

The present and future energy requirements of mankind can be fulfilled with sustained research and development efforts by global scientists.The purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of the fundamentals,recent advancements on Lithium and non-Lithium electrochemical rechargeable battery systems,and their future prospects.The initial part of this review paper is dedicated to the advancement and challenges faced by the conventional rechargeable batteries,such as lead-acid,Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries.The subsequent section of this review focuses on an in-depth analysis of two major categories of rechargeable batteries,namely lithium-based rechargeable battery systems and alternative non-Lithium rechargeable battery systems.The working principle,construction,and a few important research progress on Li-ion,Li-O_(2),Li-CO_(2) and Li-S batteries have been highlighted.The recent progress and challenges of the alternate batteries such as Na-ion,Na-S,Mg-ion,K-ion,Al-ion,Al-air,Zn-ion and Zn-air are also discussed in this review.The large gap between theoretical and practical electrochemical values for the alternate battery system must be filled by adopting a series of design architectures followed by modern instrumentation for developing next-generation batteries in a sustainable and efficient way.

A flexible solid polymer electrolyte enabled with lithiated zeolite for high performance lithium battery

Solid-state lithium batteries using composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)have attracted much attention owing to their higher safety compared to liquid electrolytes and flexibility compared to ceramic electrolytes.However,their unsatisfactory lithium-ion conductivity still limits their development.Herein,a high ion conductive CPE with multiple continuous lithium pathways is designed.This new electrolyte consists of poly(vinylidene fluorideco-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)and lithiated X type zeolite(Li-X),which possesses a high ionic conductivity(1.98×10^(-4)S/cm),high lithium transference number(t_(Li^(+))=0.55),wide electrochemical window(4.7 V),and excellent stability against the lithium anode.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation confirms that the Lewis acid sites in zeolite can graft with N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and PVDF-HFP chains,resulting in decreased crystallinity of polymer and providing rapid Li+transmission channels.When used in a full cell,the solid Li|Li-X-3%|LiFePO_(4) cell displays excellent cycling stability and rate performance at room temperature and 60℃.Furthermore,pouch cells with the Li-X-3%electrolyte exhibit brilliant safety under extreme conditions,such as folding and cutting.Thus,this proposed zeolite-PVDF-HFP CPE represents a promising potential in the application of making a safer,higher performing,and flexible solid-state lithium battery.