Polyacrylonitrile-based gel polymer electrolyte filled with Prussian blue forhigh-performance lithium polymer batteries

Lithium polymer batteries(LPBs) rely on a high ion transport to gain improved cell performance.Thermostable and porous gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties in electrolyte wettability and ionic conductivity.In this work,iron-nickel-cobalt trimetal Prussian blue analogue(PBA) nanocubes are filled into the electro spun polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based membranes to generate GPE composites with morphological superiority consisting of fine fibers and interconnected pores.The thus obtained PBA@PAN fibrous membrane showcases good thermal stability,high porosity and electrolyte uptake,as well as a peak io nic conductivity of 2.7 mS/cm with the addition of 10% PBA,Consequently,the assembled lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4)) battery using PBA@PAN-10 as the GPE delivers a high capacity of 152.2 mAh/g at 0.2 C and an ultralow capacity decay of0.09% per cycle in a long-te rm cycle life of 350 cycles at 1 C,endorsing its promising applications in LPBs.

POLYMERIZATION OF OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE WITH HEXAMETHYLDISILAZYL-LITHIUM AS INITIATOR

This work focused on the anionic polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D-4, D = Me2SiO2/2) initiated by a new kind of initiator hexamethydisilazyl-lithium (MMNLi). Si-29-NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC) were used to characterize the polymerization products. The process was accelerated by adding a small amount of high activity monomer D-3 and by raising the polymerization temperature. At the end of polymerization more than 95% of the monomer was converted to polymer and only a very small amount of D-4 and D-5 remained in the polymers.

Grafting polymeric sulfur onto carbon nanotubes as highly-active cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are being explored as promising advanced energy storage systems due to their ultra-high energy density.However,fast capacity fading and low coulombic efficiency,resulting from the dissolution of polysulfides,remain a serious challenge.Compared to weak physical adsorptions or barriers,chemical confinement based on strong chemical interaction is a more effective approach to address the shuttle issue.Herein,we devise a novel polymeric sulfur/carbon nanotube composite for Li–S battery,for which 2,5-dithiobiurea is chosen as the stabilizer of long-chain sulfur.This offers chemical bonds which bridge the polymeric sulfur and carbon nanotubes.The obtained composite can deliver an ultra-high reversible capacity of 1076.2 m Ahg^-1(based on the entire composite)at the rate of 0.1 C with an exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency of 96.2%,as well as remarkable cycle performance.This performance is mainly attributed to the reaction reversibility of the obtained polymeric sulfur-based composite during the discharge/charge process.This was confirmed by density functional theory calculations for the first time.

Highly Selective Lithium Ion Adsorbents:Polymeric Porous Microsphere with Crown Ether Groups

In this study, we prepared and applied polymeric porous microsphere adsorbents with selectivity for Li^+ extraction from aqueous solution. We synthesized the adsorbents by suspension polymerization using methacryloyoxyme-12-crown-4(M12C4) as a functional monomer, which had been synthesized from 2-hyroxymethyl-12-crown-4 and methacryloyl chloride. We verified the chemical composition by solid nuclear magnetic resonance(13C-NMR) spectroscopy and observed the porous structure by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). We conducted adsorption isothermal and kinetic tests to determine the adsorption properties. It was found that the adsorbents showed high adsorption efficiency and an adsorption equilibrium time of 200 min. In addition, since the crown ether used in this work could form a stable complex with Li^+, we observed good selectivity for Li^+ in the prepared solution compared with other ions such as Na^+, K^+, Mg^(2+), and Ca^(2+). We reused the adsorbents five times with no significant decrease in adsorptive capacity.

Nano-Li3V2（PO4）3/C Synthesized by Thermal Polymerization Method as Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

nano-Li 3 V 2(PO4)3/C 粉末被一个热聚合方法成功地准备。中间的产品粉末和最后的产品李 3 V 2(PO4)3 都是不到 200 nm。碳在李 3 V 2(PO4)3 粒子和剩余的与 4.6wt% 的一个全部的碳内容在粒子之间存在。这 nano-Li 3 没有在电压在 0.1 C 在 100 个周期以后褪色的能力， V 2(PO4)3/C 样品显示出 124 mAh/g 的一个分泌物能力 3.0-4.3 V 响了。优秀的率性能也在 10 C 在 3.0-4.3 V 和 100 mAh/g 在 20 C 与 80 mAh/g 的一个能力被完成在 3.0-4.8 V。这研究建议热聚合方法是合适的综合 nano-Li 3 V 2(PO4)3/C 材料。

Self-assembly synthesis of solid polymer electrolyte with carbonate terminated poly (ethylene glycol) matrix and its application for solid state lithium battery

A facile one-pot synthesis of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs), composed of carbonate terminated poly(ethylene glycol)(CH3O-PEG-IC), poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polystyrene(PEG-b-PS) block copolymer nanoparticles containing a conductive PEG corona, fumed SiO2 and Li TFSI salt via polymerization-induced self-assembly is proposed. This method to prepare SPEs has the advantages of one-pot convenient synthesis, avoiding use of organic solvent and conveniently adding inorganic additives. CH3O-PEG-IC combines advantages of PEG and polycarbonate, the in situ synthesized PEG-b-PS nanoparticles containing a rigid polystyrene(PS) core and a PEG corona guarantee continuous lithium ion transport in the synthesized SPEs, and the fumed SiO2 optimizes the interfacial properties and improves the electrochemical stability, all of which afford SPEs a well considerable room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.73 × 10^-4S/cm, high lithium transference number of 0.53, and wide electrochemical stability window of 5.5 V(vs. Li^+/Li). By employing these SPEs, the assembled solid state cells of Li FePO4 |SPEs|Li exhibit considerable cell performance.

Silazyl-Lithiums: A kind of new Initiators for the Anionic Non- equilibrium Ring-opening Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D_4)

The initiation reactions in the anionic non-equilibrium polymerization of octamethy- lcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) initiated by silazyllithiums were investigated. It was found that the structure of the substituents on the Si atom had great influences on the initiation activity of silazyllithiums.

嵌段共聚物电解质的制备及其电化学性能

通过设计聚合物分子结构,采用热引发自由基聚合方法合成聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGMEMA)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)的二嵌段共聚物电解质PEGMEMAm-GMAn-Br(PGA-Br),并研究其电化学性能。结果表明:将PGA嵌段或接枝到聚合物电解质上,可提高聚合物电解质的离子电导率,室温下的离子电导率达1.05×10^(−4)S·cm^(−1)。同时,PGA-Br嵌段共聚物电解质具有较低的玻璃化转变温度(-65℃)、较高的热分解温度、较宽的电化学稳定窗口(5.1 V)和阻燃特性。PGA-Br共聚物电解质组装下的固态Li|Li对称电池具有增强的电极/电解质固-固界面,可实现金属锂均匀沉积,有效抑制锂枝晶的生长。在0.1 C倍率下,基于PGA-Br嵌段共聚物电解质组装的LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)|PGA-Br|Li固态全电池可实现较高的首周放电比容量(160.1 mAh·g^(−1)),且循环100周次后容量保持率高达91.5%,库仑效率稳定在98.5%以上。

纳滤膜锂镁分离机理与影响因素研究进展

锂作为21世纪的重要能源金属,被广泛应用于新能源和电池技术领域,但因其存在于盐湖等资源分布不均匀的环境中,使得高效分离锂和镁成为技术挑战。该文聚焦于纳滤膜技术在锂镁分离中的关键影响因素,首先,对膜表面形貌、孔径和孔径分布的调控进行了深入探讨,这些因素直接影响着锂镁分离效率。其次,粗糙度和膜厚度的适度调节被证明能够显著提高水渗透性,但这也引入了抗污染性的问题。同时揭示了纳滤膜正电荷的重要性以及如何调节交联度以增强镁的截留效果。此外,亲水性和官能团的引入被证明也能提高水通量,进一步优化了分离效果。最后,对开发新型膜材料、揭示界面聚合反应机制、提高抗污染性能等方面提出了展望,旨在为锂回收纳滤技术提供参考。

DBU/碘化锂双催化体系催化三亚甲基碳酸酯开环均聚合

以1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)/碘化锂(LiI)为双催化剂,苯甲醇(BnOH)协同催化单体三亚甲基碳酸酯(TMC)开环均聚合,得到产物聚三亚甲基碳酸酯(PTMC).反应的最优条件为:二氯甲烷为溶剂,[TMC]=1.0 mol·L^(-1),[TMC]/[DBU]/[LiI]/[BnOH]=200∶1∶1∶1,25℃下反应45 min,所得PTMC的产率为97.7%,数均分子量为20.4 kg·mol^(-1),分子量分布为1.19.DSC热分析结果表明,PTMC没有熔融峰和结晶峰,说明PTMC为一种无定形聚合物.利用1HNMR和IR对PTMC结构进行端基分析,并推测聚合机理为“单体-活化”机理.

基于分段聚合和卡尔曼滤波的锂电池组SOC估算

针对原有的锂电池组荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)估算方式是在电池放电后进行测量,在电池内阻数值较大时难以获取明确的开路电压,导致其在锂电池组SOC估算上具有误差等问题,设计了基于分段聚合和卡尔曼滤波的锂电池组SOC估算方法.在构建等效电路模型的基础上,辨识锂电池参数,并定义开路电压等锂电池组SOC估算指标.分段聚合切换锂电池反馈路径,利用卡尔曼滤波线性递推估算锂电池组SOC数值.结果表明:以锂电池脉冲放电过程为测试条件,提出的方法估算结果与实际SOC值基本一致,在SOC为0.6时,该方法能将SOC估算相对误差控制在0~0.4%.

Organic/inorganic nanocomposite polymer electrolyte

The organic/inorganic nanocomposites polymer electrolytes were designed and synthesized. The organic/inorganic nanocomposites membrane materials and their lithium salt complexes have been found thermally stable below 200 °C. The conductivity of the organic/inorganic nanocomposites polymer electrolytes prepared at room temperature was at magnitude range of 10(?6) S/cm.

Electrochemical performance of interfacially polymerized polyaniline nanofibres as electrode materials for non-aqueous redox supercapacitors

H+ doped polyaniline nanofibre(PH) was synthesized by interfacial polymerization and polyanilines doped with Li salt(PLI and PHLI) were prepared by immersing emeraldine base(EB) and H+ doped polyaniline in 1 mol/L LiPF6/(EC-EMC-DMC),respectively.PH,PLI and PHLI were all characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectrometry.With 1 mol/L LiPF6/(EC-EMC-DMC) as electrolyte,PH,PHLI and PLI were used as the active materials of symmetric non-aqueous redox supercapacitors.PLI shows the highest initial specific capacitance of 120 F/g(47 F/g for PH and 66 F/g for PHLI) among three samples.After 500 cycles,the specific capacitance of PLI remains 75 F/g,indicating the good cycleability.

Electrochemical performance of all-solid lithium ion batteries with a polyaniline film cathode

We have prepared a high-density polyaniline（PANI） paste（50 mg/m L）, with similar physical properties to those of paints or pigments. The synthesis of PANI is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy. The morphologies of PANI, doped PANI, and doped PANI paste are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Particles of doped PANI paste are approximately 40–50 nm in diameter, with a uniform and cubic shape. The electrochemical performances of doped PANI paste using both liquid and solid polymer electrolytes have been measured by galvanostatic charge and discharge process. The cell fabricated with doped PANI paste and the solid polymer electrolyte exhibits a discharge capacity of ～87 μAh/cm2（64.0 m Ah/g） at the second cycle and～67 μAh/cm2（50.1 m Ah/g） at the 100 th cycle.

Study of lithium/polypyrrole secondary batteries with Lithium as cathode and polypyrrole anode

Lithium/polypyrrole （Li/PPy） batteries were fabricated using lithium sheet as cathode, PPy as anode, microporous membrane polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene （PP/PE/PP） composite as separator and LiPF6/ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate-methyl ethyl carbonate （EC-DMC-EMC） as electrolyte. Polypyrrole was prepared by chemical polymerization. Certain fundamental electrochemical performances were investigated. Properties of the batteries were characterized and tested by SEM, galvanostatic charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry （CV）, and a.c. impedance spectroscopy. The influences of separator, morphology, and conductivity of PPy anode, cold-molded pressure, and electric current on the performances of the batteries were studied. Using PP/PE/PP membranes as separator, the battery showed good storage stability and cycling property. The conductivity of materials rather than morphology affected the behavior of the battery. The higher the conductivity, the better performances the cells had. Proper cold-molded pressure 20 MPa of the anode pellet would make the properties of the cells good and the fitted charge/discharge current was 0.1 mA. The cells showed excellent performance with 97%-100% coulombic efficiency. The highest discharge capacity of 95.2 mAh/g was obtained.

The Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in the Presence of a New Homogeneous Yttrium Catalyst

Methyl methacrylate(MMA) polymerized in the presence of a new homogeneous catalyst of Y(acac)3-(i-Bu)3Al-BuLi. The effects of MMA/Y, Al/Y, Li/Y molar ratios, polymerization temperature and time are reported. The results show that a small amount of butyl lithium could greatly enhance the activity of the catalyst and the polymerization reaction could be carried out at low temperatures (-25℃-10℃) with a high conversion. 200 kg of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with 63% syndiotacticity could be prepared by using 1 mole of yttrium.

ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF ALKYL METHACRYLATES INITIATED BY nBuCu(NCy_2)Li

Anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) initiated by nBuCu(NCy2)Li (1) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at -50 degrees C to -10 degrees C was investigated. It was found that the polymerization of MMA and nBMA initiated by 1 proceeded quantitatively in THF to afford PMMA and PBMA with polydispersity index 1.15-1.30 and nearly 100% initiator efficiencies at -10 degrees C. The molecular weights increased linearly with the ratio of [monomer]/[1]. However, a post-polymerization experiment carried out on this system revealed a double polymer peak by GPC when fresh monomer was added after an interval of 10 min. Polymerization of styrene could be initiated by 1, but the initiator efficiency was low.

In situ polymerization preparation and characterization of Li_4Ti_5O_(12)-polyaniline anode material

Li4Ti5O12 powders were prepared by so-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate,lithium acetate and absolute alcohol as starting materials.Li4Ti5O12-polyaniline(Li4Ti5O12-PAn)composite was prepared by in situ polymerization method using aniline, ammonium persulfate and hydrochloricarried as starting materials.Li4Ti5O12-PAn composite was characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),infrared spectrum(IR)combined with electrochemical tests.The results show that the electrical conductivity is enhanced obviously due to the introduction of PAn to Li4Ti5O12.Li4Ti5O12-PAn composite exhibits better high-rate capability and cyclability than Li4Ti5O12.The composite can deliver a specific capacity of 191.3 and 148.9 mA·h/g,only 0.13%and 0.61%of the capacity is lose after being discharged 80 times at 0.1C and 2.0C,respectively.

Studies on Single-Ion Conducting Polymer with Pendant Sulfonate Group

The present paper narrates the single-ion conduction of the network polymer with lithium sulfonate as pendant group studied by using DC polarization. The Willianms-Landel-Ferry parameters, calculated from the temperature dependence of conductivity, agree reasonably well with universal values, verifying the influence of segmental motion on conductivity. Additional confirmation was obtained from a Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher plots. The battery composed of (Li/this film/PAn) performs better characteristics than other systems using polymer solid electrolytes.

Dynamic Cell Modeling for Accurate SOC Estimation in Autonomous Electric Vehicles

This paper presents findings on dynamic cell modeling for state-of-charge (SOC) estimation in an autonomous electric vehicle (AEV). The studied cells are Lithium-Ion Polymer-based with a nominal capacity of around 8 Ah, optimized for power-needy applications. The AEV operates in a harsh environment with rate requirements up to ±25C and highly dynamic rate profiles, unlike portable-electronic applications with constant power output and fractional C rates. SOC estimation methods effective in portable electronics may not suffice for the AEV. Accurate SOC estimation necessitates a precise cell model. The proposed SOC estimation method utilizes a detailed Kalman-filtering approach. The cell model must include SOC as a state in the model state vector. Multiple cell models are presented, starting with a simple one employing “Coulomb counting” as the state equation and Shepherd’s rule as the output equation, lacking prediction of cell relaxation dynamics. An improved model incorporates filter states to account for relaxation and other dynamics in closed-circuit cell voltage, yielding better performance. The best overall results are achieved with a method combining nonlinear autoregressive filtering and dynamic radial basis function networks. The paper includes lab test results comparing physical cells with model predictions. The most accurate models obtained have an RMS estimation error lower than the quantization noise floor expected in the battery-management-system design. Importantly, these models enable precise SOC estimation, allowing the vehicle controller to utilize the battery pack’s full operating range without overcharging or undercharging concerns.