New lithium fast ion conductors of Li1.2 ＋ x - y Yx Ti1.9 - x Al0.1Si0. 1Wy P2.9 - y O12 based on LiTi2（PO4）3 were prepared by high temperature solid state reaction using refined natural kaolinite as a starting mat...New lithium fast ion conductors of Li1.2 ＋ x - y Yx Ti1.9 - x Al0.1Si0. 1Wy P2.9 - y O12 based on LiTi2（PO4）3 were prepared by high temperature solid state reaction using refined natural kaolinite as a starting material. X-ray powder diffraction analysis indicates that a phase with Nasieon-like structure exists together with other phases in the composition range of x =0.1, y≤0.2 and x =0.2,y ≤0.2. AC impedance measurements show that the initial composition with x = 0.10, y = 0.10 possesses the highest ionic conductivity of 1.65 × 10^-5 S·cm^-1 at room temperature, while the sample with initial composition of x =0.20, y =0.10 has the best ionic conductivity of 6. 53 × 10^-3S·cm^-1 at 573 K and decomposes at 3.0 V.展开更多
The energy transition challenges faced by modern civilization have significantly enhanced the demand for critical metals like lithium resulting in improved methods to explore,extract,and utilize these metals.In this c...The energy transition challenges faced by modern civilization have significantly enhanced the demand for critical metals like lithium resulting in improved methods to explore,extract,and utilize these metals.In this comprehensive review,we discuss the different types of lithium resources,factors,and mechanisms controlling lithium enrichment in various geological settings including terrestrial and marine environments.Diverse exploration strategies including geological,geophysical,mineralogical,geochemical,and remote sensing techniques including drone-based techniques for lithium exploration studies in different terranes are summarized.An overview of the mining techniques,including beneficiation and extraction,and their principles,mechanisms,operations,and comparison of the various approaches and compatibility with different types of lithium deposits for obtaining maximum yield are evaluated.Lithium isotopic studies are useful in understanding geological processes such as past weathering events and riverine input into the oceans,as well as in understanding the source of lithium in diverse types of deposits.We also highlight the recent developments in other areas such as recycling,environmental impact,and state-of-the-art analytical techniques for determining lithium in different lithium ore deposits and other geological materials.Our overview provides the latest developments and insights in the various sectors related to lithium and prompt further developments to meet the growing demand for this valuable metal as the world transforms to clean energy.展开更多
To date,there are very few studies about the spectroscopy of lithium-containing minerals(LCMs)in the scientific community.The main objective of this study is to investigate the capability of Sentinel-2 image and Field...To date,there are very few studies about the spectroscopy of lithium-containing minerals(LCMs)in the scientific community.The main objective of this study is to investigate the capability of Sentinel-2 image and FieldSpec3 spectro-radiometer in terms of mapping five important LCMs,including spodumene,lepidolite,amblygonite,petalite,and eucryptite.Therefore,first the FieldSpec3 spectro-radiometer was used to create the spectral curves of the LCMs.Then,accurate spectral analysis and comparison of the studied LCMs were performed using The Spectral Geologist(TSG)and the Prism software.These two software can show even slight difference in absorption features of different LCMs,which can discriminate and identify these minerals.Lithium-bearing rocks show absorption features at~365,~2200,and~2350 nm and reflective features at~550-770 nm.These features are consistent with Sentinel-2 bands.Therefore,the created spectral curves were utilized for calibration of Sentinel-2 optical image to detect and map the potential zones of the rock units containing minerals mentioned above in a part of the central Iranian terrane.By using the Spectral Angle Mapper(SAM)classifier module,the potential areas were demarcated.Out of the five LCMs,petalite and spodumene showed more extensive coverage in the study area.Generally speaking,the largest concentration of those LCMs can be seen in southern and centraleastern parts of the study area.The comparison between spectral curves of reference and classified minerals confirmed the high capability of Sentinel-2 image for LCMs mapping.ASTER image classification results also confirmed the presence of the LCMs,but it cannot distinguish the LCMs type successfully.展开更多
文摘New lithium fast ion conductors of Li1.2 ＋ x - y Yx Ti1.9 - x Al0.1Si0. 1Wy P2.9 - y O12 based on LiTi2（PO4）3 were prepared by high temperature solid state reaction using refined natural kaolinite as a starting material. X-ray powder diffraction analysis indicates that a phase with Nasieon-like structure exists together with other phases in the composition range of x =0.1, y≤0.2 and x =0.2,y ≤0.2. AC impedance measurements show that the initial composition with x = 0.10, y = 0.10 possesses the highest ionic conductivity of 1.65 × 10^-5 S·cm^-1 at room temperature, while the sample with initial composition of x =0.20, y =0.10 has the best ionic conductivity of 6. 53 × 10^-3S·cm^-1 at 573 K and decomposes at 3.0 V.
文摘The energy transition challenges faced by modern civilization have significantly enhanced the demand for critical metals like lithium resulting in improved methods to explore,extract,and utilize these metals.In this comprehensive review,we discuss the different types of lithium resources,factors,and mechanisms controlling lithium enrichment in various geological settings including terrestrial and marine environments.Diverse exploration strategies including geological,geophysical,mineralogical,geochemical,and remote sensing techniques including drone-based techniques for lithium exploration studies in different terranes are summarized.An overview of the mining techniques,including beneficiation and extraction,and their principles,mechanisms,operations,and comparison of the various approaches and compatibility with different types of lithium deposits for obtaining maximum yield are evaluated.Lithium isotopic studies are useful in understanding geological processes such as past weathering events and riverine input into the oceans,as well as in understanding the source of lithium in diverse types of deposits.We also highlight the recent developments in other areas such as recycling,environmental impact,and state-of-the-art analytical techniques for determining lithium in different lithium ore deposits and other geological materials.Our overview provides the latest developments and insights in the various sectors related to lithium and prompt further developments to meet the growing demand for this valuable metal as the world transforms to clean energy.
基金supported by university grant(No.97.3.02.26247)。
文摘To date,there are very few studies about the spectroscopy of lithium-containing minerals(LCMs)in the scientific community.The main objective of this study is to investigate the capability of Sentinel-2 image and FieldSpec3 spectro-radiometer in terms of mapping five important LCMs,including spodumene,lepidolite,amblygonite,petalite,and eucryptite.Therefore,first the FieldSpec3 spectro-radiometer was used to create the spectral curves of the LCMs.Then,accurate spectral analysis and comparison of the studied LCMs were performed using The Spectral Geologist(TSG)and the Prism software.These two software can show even slight difference in absorption features of different LCMs,which can discriminate and identify these minerals.Lithium-bearing rocks show absorption features at~365,~2200,and~2350 nm and reflective features at~550-770 nm.These features are consistent with Sentinel-2 bands.Therefore,the created spectral curves were utilized for calibration of Sentinel-2 optical image to detect and map the potential zones of the rock units containing minerals mentioned above in a part of the central Iranian terrane.By using the Spectral Angle Mapper(SAM)classifier module,the potential areas were demarcated.Out of the five LCMs,petalite and spodumene showed more extensive coverage in the study area.Generally speaking,the largest concentration of those LCMs can be seen in southern and centraleastern parts of the study area.The comparison between spectral curves of reference and classified minerals confirmed the high capability of Sentinel-2 image for LCMs mapping.ASTER image classification results also confirmed the presence of the LCMs,but it cannot distinguish the LCMs type successfully.
