Plane and weighted tri-phase helical CT findings in the diagnosis of liver focal nodular hyperplasia

Objective: To analyze the pre- and post-contrast CT findings of liver focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) so as to improve their diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Pre- and post-contrast tri-phase (arterial, portal venous and delayed) scans were performed in 21 patients with FNH proved surgically and patholo- gically. Transcatheter arterial angiography was per- formed in 2 patients. Results: Pre-contrast scans showed hypodensity in 16 patients, isodensity in 5, and punctate, streak and radial scars in 12. Except central scar, all lesions were markedly and homogeneously enhanced in the arterial phase. Nine of the 21 patients showed dilated and tortuous arteries in the central and peripheral areas of the focus. In the portal venous phase, focal density was decreased, though still higher or slightly higher in FNH than in parenchyma. In the delayed phase, the lesions showed isodensity or slight hypo- density. Enhanced capsules were seen in 3 patients. Dilated arteries and drainage veins were seen on an- giographic images. Conclusion: The characteristic manifestations of FNH on multiphasic helical CT scan are of great sig- nificance in diagnosing FNH and choosing viable therapy.

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in 86 patients

BACKGROUND: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), the second most common benign hepatic tumor after hemangioma, is characterized by a stellate central scar and hyperplastic nodules. Although some large FNH may be associated with significant symptoms, more frequently they are discovered incidentally on physical examination or the work-up of unrelated symptoms. Since its nature and pathogenesis are still controversial, accurate diagnosis of FNH based on clinical presentation and radiographic studies is difficult. The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnosis and treatment of FNH. METHODS: Eighty-six FNH patients confirmed pathologically were treated at the Liver Cancer Institute in our hospital from 1996 to 2006. Their clinical manifestions, imaging presentation, pathological findings, and surgical results were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 86 patients with 99 foci, 54 were male and 32 female, with a mean age of 37 years. Eighty patients had a single solitary focus and 6 had multiple foci. Tumor diameter was less than 5 cm in 69 patients, 5-10 cm in 15, and more than 10 cm in 2. The overall rate of correct preoperative diagnosis was 59.3% (51/86) including 32.9% (26/79) by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), 60.3% (35/58) by CT, and 77.4% (24/31) by MRI. All the 86 patients underwent resection with good curative effect. CONCLUSIONS: CT and MRI are important diagnostic methods for FNH but it is difficult to make a definite preoperative diagnosis for partial classical and all non-classical FNH patients. We suggest that patients with clinical symptoms or with indefinite diagnosis should accept surgical removal.

Effect of fatty liver background on contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic appearance of focal nodular hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is increasingly diagnosed as a result of the advances in imaging studies such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, FNH with atypical features can be difficult to differentiate from other benign and malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fatty liver background on the CEUS characteristics of FNH. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with FNH were divided into two groups: group A included 14 patients with fatty liver and group B included 12 patients with normal liver background. Conventional two-dimensional ultrasonography and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) were conducted and followed by real-time dual-frame CEUS. RESULTS: On two-dimensional ultrasonography, hypoechoic nodules were present in most of the patients in group A (12/14) and hyperechoic nodules in most of those in group B (7/12). The difference in the nodule echotextures between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Nodules with centrifugal blood flow signals on CDFI were found in 6 of the 14 patients in group A and 5 of the 12 in group B (P>0.05). On CEUS, nodules with a central spoked-wheel-like enhancement pattern in the early arterial phase were observed in 8 patients in group A and those with an eccentric enhancement pattern in the remaining 6 patients. In this group, 3 patients had hypoechoic nodules in the delayed phase. Eleven of the 14 patients in this group were diagnosed accurately with CEUS. In group B, nodules with a rapid central spoked-wheel-like enhancement pattern in the early arterial phase were found in 8 patients by CEUS and those with rapid an eccentric enhancement pattern in 4. The nodules were found to be continuously enhanced in the delayed phase. All of the patients in group B were accurately diagnosed with CEUS. CONCLUSIONS: A FNH nodule on a background of fatty liver may present a hypoechoic pattern on two-dimensional ultrasonography and a hypoechoic wash-out pattern in the delayed phase on CEUS. At this time, punch biopsy is needed for the diagnosis or differential diagnosis of FNH.

Atypical focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver

BACKGROUND:Focal nodular hyperplasia,a benign hepatic tumor,is usually asymptomatic.However,rarely the entity can cause symptoms,mandating intervention. METHOD:We present a case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver,which caused a considerable diagnostic dilemma due to its atypical presentation. RESULTS:A 29-year-old woman presented with a 15-year history of a progressively increasing mass in the right upper quadrant which was associated with pain and emesis. Examination showed a firm,mobile mass palpable below the right subcostal margin.A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed an exophytic mass arising from hepatic segments III and IVb.Trucut biopsy of the hepatic mass was equivocal.Angiography showed a vascular tumor that was supplied by a tortuous branch of the proper hepatic artery. Surgical intervention for removal of the mass was undertaken. Intra-operatively,two large discrete tumors were found and completely resected.Histopathological examination showed features consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia. CONCLUSION:This description of an unusual case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver highlights the point that the diagnosis of otherwise benign hepatic tumors may be difficult despite extensive work-up in some cases.

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma arising within large focal nodular hyperplasia with review of the literature

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a relatively rare benign hepatic tumor, usually presenting as a solitary lesion; however, multiple localizations have also been described. The association of FNH with other hepatic lesions, such as adenomas and haemangiomas has been reported by various authors. We herein report a case of a hepatocellular carcinoma arising within a large focal nodular hyperplasia, in a young female patient.

Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia in children:Imaging features on multi-slice computed tomography

AIM:To retrospectively analyze the imaging features of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH) in children on dynamic contrast-enhanced multi-slice computed tomography(MSCT) and computed tomography angiography(CTA) images.METHODS:From September 1999 to April 2012,a total of 218 cases of hepatic FNH were confirmed by either surgical resection or biopsy in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the Cancer center of Sun Yat-sen University,including 12 cases(5.5%) of FNH in children(age ≤ 18 years old).All the 12 pediatric patients underwent MSCT.We retrospectively analyzed the imaging features of FNH lesions,including the number,location,size,margin,density of FNH demonstrated on pre-contrast and contrastenhanced computed tomography(CT) scanning,central scar,fibrous septa,pseudocapsule,the morphology of the feeding arteries and the presence of draining vessels(portal vein or hepatic vein).RESULTS:All the 12 pediatric cases of FNH had solitary lesion.The maximum diameter of the lesions was 4.0-12.9 cm,with an average diameter of 5.5 ± 2.5 cm.The majority of the FNH lesions(10/12,83.3%) had well-defined margins.Central scar(10/12,83.3%) and fibrous septa(11/12,91.7%) were commonly found in children with FNH.Central scar was either isodense(n = 7) or hypodense(n = 3) on pre-contrast CT images and showed progressive enhancement in 8 cases in the equilibrium phase.Fibrous septa were linear hypodense areas in the arterial phase and isodense in the portal and equilibrium phases.Pseudocapsule was very rare(1/12,8.3%) in pediatric FNH.With the exception of central scars and fibrous septa within the lesions,all 12 cases of pediatric FNH were homogenously enhanced on the contrast-enhanced CT images,significantly hyperdense in the arterial phase(12/12,100.0%),and isodense in the portal venous phase(7/12,58.3%) and equilibrium phase(11/12,91.7%).Central feeding arteries inside the tumors were observed on CTA images for all 12 cases of FNH,whereas no neovascularization of malignant tumors was noted.In 9 cases(75.0%),there was a spoke-wheel shaped centrifugal blood supply inside the tumors.The draining hepatic vein was detected in 8 cases of pediatric FNH.However,the draining vessels in the other 4 cases could not be detected.No associated hepatic adenoma or hemangioma was observed in the livers of the 12 pediatric cases.CONCLUSION:The characteristic imaging appearances of MSCT and CTA may reflect the pathological and hemodynamic features of pediatric FNH.Dynamic multi-phase MSCT and CTA imaging is an effective method for diagnosing FNH in children.

Research on focal nodular hyperplasia with MSCT and postprocessing

AIM:To investigate and evaluate the pathological features and diagnostic value of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) with multi-section spiral computed tomography (MSCT) and postprocessing.METHODS: A total of 25 patients with FNH who had undergone MSCT and postprocessing were included in the investigation. All patients had been pathologically or clinically confi rmed with FNH. A number of 75 cases of hepatic carcinomas, hemangiomas and adenomas were randomly selected at a same period for a comparative study.RESULTS: There was a single focus in 22 cases and multiple foci in 3 cases. On the plain scan, 17 lesions showed hypodensity, 7 isodensity and 4 hyperdensity (the case with fatty liver). With contrast, 28 lesions were enhanced evenly or in the nodules in the arterial phase; 13 lesions still showed hyperdensity, 11 lesions isodensity and 4 lesions hypodensity in the parenchymatous phase; in the delayed phase only 5 lesions showed hyperdensity but 9 lesions showed isodensity or slight hypodensity and 14 lesions showed hypodensity. Twelve lesions of 28 had central asteroid scars. Thickened feeding arteries in postprocessing were seen in 24 lesions, and were integrated into the parenchymatous lesions with a gradual and smooth course. On the contrary, there were no artery penetrated into the lesion found in any of comparative hepatic tumors.CONCLUSION: Doctors could make a correct diagnosis and differentiation of FNH on evaluation of the characteristic appearance on MSCT with postprocessing.

Clonality and allelotype analyses of focal nodular hyperplasia compared with hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma

AIM: To identify clonality and genetic alterations in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and the nodules derived from it. METHODS: Twelve FNH lesions were examined. Twelve hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and 22 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were used as references. Nodules of different types were identified and isolated from FNH by microdissection. An X-chromosome inactivation assay was employed to describe their clonality status. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected, using 57 markers, for genetic alterations.RESULTS: Nodules of altered hepatocytes (NAH), the putative precursors of HCA and HCC, were found in all the FNH lesions. Polyclonality was revealed in 10 FNH lesions from female patients, and LOH was not detected in any of the six FNH lesions examined, the results apparently showing their polyclonal nature. In contrast, monoclonality was demonstrated in all the eight HCAs and in four of the HCCs from females, and allelic imbalances were found in the HCAs (9/9) and HCCs (15/18), with chromosomal arms 11p, 13q and 17p affected in the former, and 6q, 8p, 11p, 16q and 17p affected in the latter lesions in high frequencies (≥ 30%). Monoclonality was revealed in 21 (40%) of the 52 microdissected NAH, but was not found in any of the f ive ordinary nodules. LOH was found in all of the 13 NAH tested, being highly frequent at six loci on 8p, 11p, 13q and 17p. CONCLUSION: FNH, as a whole, is polyclonal, but some of the NAH lesions derived from it are already neoplastic and harbor similar allelic imbalances as HCAs.

Multiple focal nodular hyperplasias induced by oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign condition that affects normal liver with low prevalence. Recently, the extensive use of oxaliplatin to treat patients with colorectal cancer has been reported to be associated with the development of different liver injuries, as well as focal liver lesions. The present work describes two patients with multiple bilateral focal liver lesions mis-diagnosed as colorectal liver metastases, and treated with liver resection. The first patient had up to 15 small bilateral focal liver lesions, with magnetic resonance imaging consistent with colorectal liver metastases (CLM), and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) negative. The second patient had up to 5 small focal liver lesions, with computed tomography consistent with CLM, and FDG-PET negative. They had parenchyma sparing liver surgery, with uneventful postoperative course. At the histology the diagnosis was multiple FNHs. The risks of oxaliplatin- based chemotherapy regimens in development of liver injuries, such as FNH, should not be further denied.The value of the modern multidisciplinary management of patients with colorectal cancer relies also on the precise estimation of the risk/benefit for each patient.

Characterization of focal liver masses using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography

AIM:To investigate the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) elastography for characterizing focal liver mass by quantifying their stiffness.METHODS:This prospective study included 62 patients with a focal liver mass that was well visualized on conventional ultrasonography performed in our institution from February 2011 to November 2011.Among them,12 patients were excluded for ARFI measurement failure due to a lesion that was smaller than the region of the interest and at an inaccessible location(deeper than 8 cm)(n = 7) or poor compliance to hold their breath as required(n = 5).Finally,50 patients with valid ARFI measurements were enrolled.If a patient had multiple liver masses,only one mass of interest was chosen.The masses were diagnosed by histological examination or clinical diagnostic criteria.During ultrasonographic evaluation,stiffness,expressed as velocity,was checked 10 times per focal liver mass and the surrounding liver parenchyma.RESULTS:After further excluding three masses that were non-diagnostic on biopsy,a total of 47 focal mass lesions were tested,including 39(83.0%) malignant masses [24 hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC),seven cholangiocellular carcinomas(CCC),and eight liver metastases] and eight(17.0%) benign masses(five hemangiomas and three focal nodular hyperplasias,FNH).Thirty-seven(74.0%) masses were confirmed by histological examination.The mean velocity was 2.48 m/s in HCCs,1.65 m/s in CCCs,2.35 m/s in metastases,1.83 m/s in hemangiomas,and 0.97 m/s in FNHs.Although considerable overlap was still noted between malignant and benign masses,significant differences in ARFI values were observed between malignant and benign masses(mean 2.31 m/s vs 1.51 m/s,P = 0.047),as well as between HCCs and benign masses(mean 2.48 m/s vs 1.51 m/s,P = 0.006).The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves(AUROC) for discriminating the malignant masses from benign masses was 0.724(95%CI,0.566-0.883,P = 0.048),and the AUROC for discriminating HCCs from benign masses was 0.813(95%CI,0.649-0.976,P = 0.008).To maximize the sum of sensitivity and specificity,an ARFI value of 1.82 m/s was selected as the cutoff value to differentiate malignant from benign liver masses.Furthermore,the cutoff value for distinguishing HCCs from benign masses was also determined to be 1.82 m/s.The diagnostic performance of the sum of the ARFI values for focal liver masses and the surrounding liver parenchyma to differentiate liver masses improved(AUROC = 0.853;95%CI,0.745-0.960;P = 0.002 in malignant liver masses vs benign ones and AUROC = 0.948;95%CI,0.896-0.992,P < 0.001 in HCCs vs benign masses).CONCLUSION:ARFI elastography provides additional information for the differential diagnosis of liver masses.However,our results should be interpreted in clinical context,because considerable overlap in ARFI values existed among liver masses.

肝脏局灶性结节增生13例磁共振误诊分析及病理对照

目的 探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的磁共振成像(MRI)可能误诊原因并进行病理对照分析,以加深认识。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2023年1月期间浙江省丽水中心医院经病理证实的21例FNH患者资料,2名评估者在不知晓病理结果的情况下共同评估病灶的MRI征象(包括病灶一般情况、平扫信号、增强扫描强化表现及周围组织伴随征象)并做出诊断,对评估结论达成一致意见;以病理结果为金标准,对误诊病例进行病理对照及误诊原因分析。结果 21例肝脏FNH中的13例患者共13个病灶被误诊,其中被误诊为肝细胞癌4例,肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌1例,转移瘤1例,孤立性纤维瘤3例,上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例,肝细胞腺瘤2例。病理对照分析:2例MRI上见“假包膜征”的病灶在镜下无明显假包膜;而3例镜下存在假包膜的病灶却未能识别出MRI“假包膜征”。3例MRI上见“局部坏死”,但本组13例镜下均无局部缺血坏死表现。2例MRI上被评估为存在“脂肪变性征”的病灶在镜下均存在较明显的脂肪细胞积聚;MRI上无“脂肪变性征”者在镜下也无明显脂肪变性。11例病灶在镜下可见瘢痕,但在MRI中13例病灶均未能识别“延迟强化瘢痕”。结论 肝脏FNH的误诊原因主要有:中央瘢痕缺失或瘢痕的形态/信号/强化不典型、病灶出现肝细胞癌征象“脂肪变性”、误判存在肝细胞癌征象“假包膜征”;此外,病灶外生性生长与肝外其他脏器紧贴、“评估者受临床病史的影响”可能也会导致误诊。

31例肝局灶性结节性增生患者的MRI及病理特征分析

目的:分析肝局灶性结节性增生(FNH)患者的磁共振成像(MRI)及病理特征。方法:选取2017年1月—2019年12月某三甲医院经手术病理确诊的FNH患者31例。所有患者术前均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,其中4例使用钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强扫描,分别进行影像学及病理学对照分析。结果:形态学表现:31例FNH患者共61个病灶,呈分叶状或类圆形,长径0.4~9.4 cm,平均(2.8±2.2)cm。其中20个病灶长径>3.0 cm;24个病灶见中心瘢痕。长径>3.0 cm的病灶中,瘢痕检出率为80.0%(16/20),假包膜检出率为9.8%(6/61)。FNH信号特点:T1WI显示等稍低信号。T2WI及DWI显示等稍高信号,弥散无明显受限。动态增强扫描显示“快进慢出”强化方式(动脉期明显强化;门脉期及平衡期呈等稍高信号,瘢痕延迟强化)。病理特点:大体检查结果显示,病灶表现为灰黄色结节,质地中等,界限清楚,部分中心见星状瘢痕,3例可见包膜。镜检结果显示,瘢痕由纤维组织、厚壁畸形血管及炎性细胞构成,肝细胞形态正常,缺乏静脉系统。免疫组化结果显示,甲胎蛋白(AFP)阴性,CD34血管阳性,CK19、CK7胆管阳性,肝细胞特异性抗原(Hepa)阳性,Ki-67部分阳性,谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)地图状阳性。结论:FNH在MRI上以T1WI等稍低信号,T2WI及DWI等稍高信号为主;“快进慢出”强化方式是FNH的典型MRI特征,与其病理基础一致;Gd-EOB-DTPA增强扫描更能准确反应FNH的血供特点及病理特征。

钆塞酸二钠增强MRI在肝局灶性结节增生及肝细胞癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强MRI对肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)及肝细胞癌(HCC)的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析35例肝FNH患者(肝FNH组)及54例HCC患者(HCC组)的临床资料,比较两组Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI的影像学资料,采用多因素Logistic回归模型筛选与肝FNH相关的因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI的影像特征单独鉴别诊断肝FNH和HCC的价值。结果肝FNH组中心瘢痕、扩散加权成像低信号、动态强化方式(快进慢出)、肝胆期中心低或高信号伴外周高信号的比例及表观弥散系数(ADC)值高于HCC组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,动态强化方式(快进慢出)、肝胆期中心低或高信号伴外周高信号、ADC值升高与肝FNH有关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,动态强化方式(快进慢出)、肝胆期中心低或高信号伴外周高信号、ADC值鉴别诊断肝FNH和HCC的曲线下面积分别为0.788、0.864、0.810,三者鉴别诊断效能相当。结论Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI的动态强化方式(快进慢出)、肝胆期中心低或高信号伴外周高信号及ADC值可有效鉴别肝FNH和HCC。

多层螺旋CT检查在鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与肝脏局灶性结节增生中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查在鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)中的应用价值。方法 选取我院2019年1月至2022年12月收治的肝脏占位性病变患者83例,均开展MSCT检查,统计原发性肝癌、FNH检出情况,并以肝穿刺活检为金标准,分析MSCT鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与FNH的诊断效能;采用Kappa检验验证MSCT鉴别诊断与肝穿刺活检的一致性。结果 83例肝脏占位性病变患者,经肝穿刺活检证实41例为原发性肝癌,42例为FNH;经MSCT检出原发性肝癌40例,FNH 43例,原发性肝癌检出率为97.56%;MSCT鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与FNH的灵敏度为95.12%、特异度为97.62%、准确度为96.39%、阳性预测值为97.50%、阴性预测值为95.35%;Kappa检验显示,MSCT鉴别诊断与肝穿刺活检的Kappa值为0.928,一致性极高。结论 MSCT检测在鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与FNH中价值高,可提高诊断准确性,便于早期开展针对性治疗,以更好改善患者预后。

肝脏局灶性结节增生动态增强MRI征象与病灶大小的关系

目的 分析肝脏局灶性结节增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FN H)动态增强MRI征象,探讨轮辐征与病灶大小的关系。方法 回顾分析经手术及病理证实的260例306枚肝脏局灶性结节增生动态增强MRI图像,所有病灶根据测量的最大径分为≤2cm组、2~5cm组和>5cm三组,分析轮辐征在不同大小组别中的差异。结果 306枚FNH病变的平均大小为4.45±2.56cm,检出癜痕170例,假包膜62例,供血动脉19例,具有轮辐征175例,FNH轮辐征、瘢痕、假包膜及供血动脉的检出,在不同大小分组中表现差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 动态增强MRI对轮辐征的检出取决于病灶大小,轮辐征对于较大FNH (>5.0cm)的诊断更有意义。

临床特征结合MRI在AFP阴性HCC与FNH鉴别诊断中的应用及模型建立

目的 探讨甲胎蛋白(AFP)阴性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)与肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)的临床特征与磁共振成像(MRI)影像学差异,并建立Logistic回归诊断模型进行模型验证。方法 回顾性分析2020年8月~2022年8月我院72例AFP阴性HCC患者(HCC组)及72例FNH患者(FNH组)临床与MRI资料。分析两组临床与MRI特征差异,通过多因素非条件Logistic回归分析筛选危险因素,建立回归方程建立预测模型。另收集2022年9月~2023年5月来院就诊的70例患者作为验证组(HCC为32例,FNH为48例),以受试者工作特征(ROC)进行验证。结果 HCC组年龄、乙肝病史比例高于FN H组(P<0.05);HCC组有包膜、病灶含脂肪、病灶坏死或囊变、快进快出强化及病灶出血比例高于FNH组,中央瘢痕及延迟显像比例低于FNH组比例低于FNH组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大、乙肝病史、有包膜、无中央瘢痕、病灶含脂肪、病灶坏死或囊变、强化模式为快进快出及非延迟显像均为HCC独立危险因素(P<0.05);经过Logistic回归分析,建立诊断模型:logit(p)=年龄×1.287+乙肝病史×1.469+有包膜×1.535+中央瘢痕×(-0.954)+病灶含脂肪×1.194+病灶坏死或囊变×1.233+强化模式×(-1.169)+延迟显象×(-0.852);模型内部验证:诊断AUC为0.975,95%CI为0.809~0.912,外部验证:模型的AUC为0.871,95%CI为0.944~0.992,χ^(2)为15.398患者。结论 AFP阴性HCC在年龄、乙肝病史及MRI影像学有无包膜、中央瘢痕、病灶含脂肪/强化模式及延迟显像方面存在差异,经Logistic回归分析显示,上述临床特征及MRI影像学表现均为AFP阴性HCC的独立危险因素,且据此构建的诊断模型对AFP阴性HCC具有较好的诊断效能。

Differential diagnosis and management of liver tumors in infants

During the first year of life, most of the liver neoplasms are benign in origin, but some of these histologically benign lesions may be challenging in their management. Although most hepatic hemangiomas can be safely observed until involution is documented, some patients will need treatment due to progressive hepatomegaly, hypothyroidism and/or cardiac failure. Large mesenchymal hamartomas may require extensive hepatic resection and an appropriate surgical plan is critical to obtain good results. For malignant neoplasms such as hepatoblastoma, complete surgical resection is the mainstay of curative therapy. The decision about whether to perform an upfront or delayed resection of a primary liver malignant tumor is based on many considerations, including the ease of resection, surgical expertise, tumor histology and stage, and the likely chemosensitivity of the tumor. This article reviews the initial management of the more common hepatic tumors of infancy, focusing on the differential diagnosis and treatment options.

增强CT并定量分析鉴别肝局灶性结节增生与无肝硬化背景肝细胞癌的价值

目的探讨增强CT并定量分析鉴别肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)与无肝硬化背景肝细胞癌(HCC)的临床价值。方法选取93例患者(FNH组24例、HCC组69例)的一般资料及影像征象,测量并计算病灶、腹主动脉平扫及增强三期CT值,增强各期病灶与腹主动脉CT值比值,对两组病灶测量指标运用独立样本t检验和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析。结果中央瘢痕、病灶密度均匀、包膜、供血动脉征及强化方式组间比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);FNH增强各期CT值及增强指数均高于无肝硬化背景HCC,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);鉴别FNH与无肝硬化背景HCC的最佳期相为动脉期,当cut-off值取110.5 HU,相应敏感度为92.9%,特异度为72.2%,ROC曲线下面积为0.871;门静脉期增强指数的ROC曲线下面积为0.876,略高于动脉期增强指数(AUC=0.871),两期相敏感度相同,动脉期增强指数的特异度最高。结论增强CT并定量分析对FNH及无肝硬化背景HCC鉴别诊断具有重要价值。

肝硬化背景下肝脏局灶性结节增生的影像学特点3例报告

肝脏局灶性结节增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)是一种常见的局灶性肝脏良性肿瘤,是由于血管的先天畸形或后天损伤引起肝细胞呈结节状的非肿瘤性增生反应。FNH多数发生于正常肝或脂肪肝中,但近年来,在肝硬化背景下也发现了FNH[1]。

基于MRI动态增强影像组学鉴别肝硬化基础肝内结节良恶性的可行性研究

目的探究磁共振成像(MRI)动态增强影像组学鉴别肝硬化(LC)基础肝内结节良恶性的可行性。方法随机选择2015年1月~2022年6月西安医学院第二附属医院收治的慢性肝炎并LC患者(80例)为研究对象,共141个病灶。将病灶按6:4分为训练组(85个)和测试组(56个),各组病灶病理类型无显著差异(P>0.05)。所有患者均于术前4周接受MRI检查。根据病灶的病理结果,分为恶性(89个)和良性(52个)。分析良恶性病灶的临床影像学特征,并建立临床影像模型。应用最小绝对收缩和选择运算符(LASSO)的降维方法获得最优组学特征,应用支持向量机(SVM)建立影像组学模型。最佳诊断模型通过比较临床影像模型、基于MRI平扫图像和MRI增强图像的组学模型的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线获得。结果恶性病灶组与良性病灶组患者的动脉期高信号、门脉期低/等信号、平衡期低/等信号、肝胆期低信号差异显著(P<0.05),这4种特征联合的诊断模型在训练组和测试组的AUC分别为0.861(95%CI:0.654~1.068)和0.872(95%CI:0.611~1.133)。影像组学模型在训练组和测试组的AUC分别为:基于MRI平扫图像:0.890(95%CI:0.681~1.099)和0.923(95%CI:0.755~1.091);基于MRI动态增强图像:0.954(95%CI:0.872~1.036)和0.901(95%CI:0.746~1.056)。结论对于鉴别LC基础肝内结节的良恶性,基于MRI平扫以及动态增强图像获得影像组学模型是一种高效、非侵入性的诊断方法。这种方法弥补了传统形态学影像的不足,提高了鉴别诊断的准确性,辅助临床治疗,进而改善患者预后。其中基于MRI动态增强图像的影像组学模型的诊断效能最高。