Both alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease are leading contributors to chronic liver diseases.These conditions often coexist,exacerbating disease progression...Both alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease are leading contributors to chronic liver diseases.These conditions often coexist,exacerbating disease progression.Despite ALD being a leading cause of liver transplantation,many individuals with alcohol use disorder(AUD)do not receive treatment.In this review,we discussed the epidemiology of ALD in AUD,various treatment options for AUD,and their efficacy on liver health.Our critical analysis of current evidence underscores the need for integrated models involving multiple stakeholders to improve ALD management.展开更多
Cottonseed protein concentrate is a sustainable fishmeal alternative in aquafeed.A 10-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet with and without multi-stra...Cottonseed protein concentrate is a sustainable fishmeal alternative in aquafeed.A 10-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet with and without multi-strain yeast fractions(MsYF)on growth,bile acid metabolism,and health in largemouth bass.Four hundred fish(54.0±0.0 g)were casually distributed into 16 tanks(4 replicates/diet).Fish were fed with 4 iso-nitrogen and iso-energetic diets 3 times daily,including a fishmeal diet(FM),a soy protein concentrate-based diet(SPC;replacing 81%fishmeal protein),a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet(CPC;replacing 81%fishmeal protein),and a CPC diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg MsYF(CPCY).Results showed that the survival of SPC was the lowest,i.e.,48%,with no apparent diet effect among other treatments;we omitted the SPC in additional analyses.Fish fed cottonseed protein concentrate-based diets showed lower growth than FM(P<0.05).Fish fed CPC showed the highest nuclear dense hepatic phenotypes ratio(50%),followed by CPCY(33%)and FM(17%).Further,dietary CPC increased hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels with concurrently increased cholesterol syn-thesis but decreased triglyceride synthesis-associated transcription levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,di-etary CPC increased bile acid synthesis but decreased bile acid transport-associated transcription levels(P<0.05),and then induced an increment of plasma cholic acid and hepatic chenodeoxycholic acid content and the decrement of genus Romboustia(P<0.05).Regarding the effect of MsYF,fish fed CPCY reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and total plasma bile acid content(P<0.05)compared to CPC,suggesting an improvement in liver health.Also,dietary MsYF could reverse the microbiota community structure showing a similar gut microbial composition to FM.In conclusion,81%of fishmeal protein replaced by cottonseed protein concentrate suppressed growth and liver health,while dietary MsYF might mitigate the negative impact of a high cottonseed protein concentrate level diet on liver functions via gut microbiota regulation.展开更多
Chlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds.However,the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive.This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with...Chlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds.However,the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive.This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance,pigmentation,and liver health in largemouth bass.Five diets were formulated to replace dietary fish meal of 0%(C0,control),25%(C25),50%(C50),75%(C75),and 100%(C100)with Chlorella meal,respectively.Total 300 fish(17.6±0.03 g)were randomly assigned to 15 tanks(3 tanks/group).Fish were fed the experimental diet twice daily for 8 weeks.The increased dietary Chlorella meal quadratically influenced the final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),and feed intake(FI),which were significantly lower in the C100 group than in the other groups(P<0.05).The feed conversion ratio(FCR)increased linearly or quadratically with dietary Chlorella meal.Dietary Chlorella meal linearly or quadratically increased the lutein content of plasma,liver,and dorsal muscle of largemouth bass(P<0.05).Compared to the C0 group,all supplemented Chlorella meal groups significantly improved the yellowness(b*)of the dorsal body(1.5 to 2.0 fold),abdominal body(1.5 to 1.8 fold),and dorsal muscle(3.8 to 5.4 fold)of largemouth bass(P<0.05).In addition,compared to the C0 group,the liver vacuolation area of fish was significantly increased in the C75 and C100 groups(P<0.05).Transcriptional levels of apoptosis-related genes of b-cell lymphoma-2(bcl2),caspase-9-like(casp9),and caspase-3a(casp3)were markedly upregulated(0.9 to 1.6 fold)in the C100 group compared to the C0 group(P<0.05).Based on the quadratic regression analysis between FBW,WGR,or SGR and dietary Chlorella meal level,largemouth bass had the best growth when replacing 31.7%to 32.6%of fish meal with 15.03%to 15.43%dietary Chlorella meal.The present results indicated that dietary supplementation with Chlorella meal(11.85%to 47.45%)significantly enhanced the pigmentation;however,total replacement of fish meal(40%)with Chlorella meal(47.45%)caused growth retardation,apoptosis,and liver damage in largemouth bass.展开更多
AIM: To examine the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and general health perception.METHODS: This cross sectional and prospective follow-up study was performed on a cohort of a sub-sample o...AIM: To examine the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and general health perception.METHODS: This cross sectional and prospective follow-up study was performed on a cohort of a sub-sample of the first Israeli national health and nutrition examination survey, with no secondary liver disease or history of alcohol abuse. On the first survey, in 2003-2004, 349 participants were included. In 2009-2010 participants from the baseline survey were invited to participate in a follow-up survey. On both baseline and follow-up surveys the data collected included: self-reported general health perception, physical activity habits, frequency of physician’s visits, fatigue impact scale and abdominal ultrasound. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography using standardized criteria and the ratio between the median brightness level of the liver and the right kidney was calculated to determine the Hepato-Renal Index.RESULTS: Out of 349 eligible participants in the first survey, 213 volunteers participated in the follow-up cohort and were included in the current analysis, NAFLD was diagnosed in 70/213 (32.9%). The prevalence of 'very good' self-reported health perception was lower among participants diagnosed with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD. However, adjustment for BMI attenuated the association (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.36-1.50, P = 0.392). Similar results were observed for the hepato-renal index; it was inversely associated with 'very good' health perception but adjustment for BMI attenuated the association. In a full model of multivariate analysis, that included all potential predictors for health perception, NAFLD was not associated with the self-reported general health perception (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.40-1.86, P = 0.704). The odds for 'very good' self-reported general health perception (compared to 'else') increased among men (OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.26-4.66, P = 0.008) and those with higher performance of leisure time physical activity (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P < 0.001, per every minute/week) and decreased with increasing level of BMI (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.99, P = 0.028, per every kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and older age (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99, P = 0.033, per one year). Current smoking was not associated with health perception (OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 0.54-3.16, P = 0.552). Newly diagnosed (naive) and previously diagnosed (at the first survey, not naive) NAFLD patients did not differ in their self-health perception. The presence of NAFLD at the first survey as compared to normal liver did not predict health perception deterioration at the 7 years follow-up. In terms of health-services utilization, subjects diagnosed with NAFLD had a similar number of physician’s visits (general physicians and specialty consultants) as in the normal liver group. Parameters in the fatigue impact scale were equivalent between the NAFLD and the normal liver groups.CONCLUSION: Fatty liver without clinically significant liver disease does not have independent impact on self-health perception.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has recently emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage liver disease.In the meantime,the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of...BACKGROUND:Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has recently emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage liver disease.In the meantime,the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the donors is becoming better appreciated.Here we aimed to review the current literature and summarize the effects of liver donation on the long-term HRQoL of living donors.DATA SOURCES:A literature search of PubMed using 'donors','living donor liver transplantation','health-related quality of life',and 'donation' was performed,and all the information was collected.RESULTS:The varied postoperative outcomes of liver donors are attributive to the different evaluation instruments used.On the whole,donors experienced good long-term physical and mental well-being with a few complaining of compromised quality of life due to mild symptoms or psychiatric problems.The psychosocial dimension has received increasing attention with the vocational,interpersonal and financial impact of liver donation on donors mostly studied.CONCLUSIONS:Generally,donors have a good HRQoL after LDLT.Nevertheless,to achieve an ideal donor outcome,further work is necessary to minimize the negative effects as well as to incorporate recent progress in regenerative medicine.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Few studies have been performed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in liver transplantation (LT) patients in the mainland of China. This study aimed to investigate the HRQOL of post-LT patien...BACKGROUND: Few studies have been performed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in liver transplantation (LT) patients in the mainland of China. This study aimed to investigate the HRQOL of post-LT patients in a single center. METHODS: HRQOL was evaluated by the SF-36 (Chinese version) questionnaire in 60 patients (LT group) who had received LT for benign end-stage liver disease (BELD). Fifty-five patients with BELD (BELD group) and 50 healthy volunteers from the general population (GP group) were also evaluated, and the results were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference among the three groups in terms of the scores of eight domains in the SF-36 (P<0.01). Patients in the BELD group had lower scores in each domain of the SF-36 in comparison with those in the GP group (P<0.025). The LT group had mental health scores equivalent to those of the BELD group (P>0.025), but higher scores for the remaining seven domains (P<0.025). Compared with the GP group, the LT group scored equivalently for role physical, body pain, vitality, social function and role emotion (P>0.025), but had lower scores for the remaining three domains (P<0.025). Lower family income was found to be associated with reduced physical function and mental health scores (P<0.05). Better education was associated with increased mental health scores (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LT patients generally have a good HRQOL although some respects of their HRQOL remains to be improved. Lower family income and poor education are important factors relating to the poor HRQOL of LT patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis- ease （NAFLD） share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study invest...BACKGROUND： Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis- ease （NAFLD） share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study investigated whether low skel- etal muscle mass is differentially associated with NAFLD by gender in Korean adults. METHODS： We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The skeletal muscle index （SMI） was obtained by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the weight. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index （FLI） 〉60 in the absence of other chronic liver disease. RESULTS： Among the included subjects, 18.3% （SE： 1.4%） in men and 7.0% （SE： 0.7%） in women were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD. Most of the risk factors for FLI-defined NAFLD showed a significant negative correlation with the SMI in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low SMI was associated with FLI-defined NAFLD, inde- pendent of other metabolic and lifestyle parameters in both genders [males： odds ratio （OR）=1.35; 95% confidence inter- val （CI）： 1.17-1.54; females： OR=1.36; 95% CI： 1.18-1.55]. The magnitude of the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and low SMI was higher in middle aged to elderly males （OR-1.50; 95% CI： 1.22-1.84） than in males less than 45 years of age （OR=1.25; 95% CI： 1.02-1.52） and in premenopausal females （OR=l.50; 95% CI： 1.12-2.03） than in postmenopausal females （OR-1.36; 95% CI： 1.20-1.54）.CONCLUSIONS： Low SMI is associated with the risk of FLI- defined NAFLD independent of other well-known metabolic risk factors in both genders. This association may differ ac- cording to age group or menopausal status. Further studies are warranted to confirm this relationship.展开更多
文摘Both alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease are leading contributors to chronic liver diseases.These conditions often coexist,exacerbating disease progression.Despite ALD being a leading cause of liver transplantation,many individuals with alcohol use disorder(AUD)do not receive treatment.In this review,we discussed the epidemiology of ALD in AUD,various treatment options for AUD,and their efficacy on liver health.Our critical analysis of current evidence underscores the need for integrated models involving multiple stakeholders to improve ALD management.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1300600)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC07-2022).
文摘Cottonseed protein concentrate is a sustainable fishmeal alternative in aquafeed.A 10-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet with and without multi-strain yeast fractions(MsYF)on growth,bile acid metabolism,and health in largemouth bass.Four hundred fish(54.0±0.0 g)were casually distributed into 16 tanks(4 replicates/diet).Fish were fed with 4 iso-nitrogen and iso-energetic diets 3 times daily,including a fishmeal diet(FM),a soy protein concentrate-based diet(SPC;replacing 81%fishmeal protein),a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet(CPC;replacing 81%fishmeal protein),and a CPC diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg MsYF(CPCY).Results showed that the survival of SPC was the lowest,i.e.,48%,with no apparent diet effect among other treatments;we omitted the SPC in additional analyses.Fish fed cottonseed protein concentrate-based diets showed lower growth than FM(P<0.05).Fish fed CPC showed the highest nuclear dense hepatic phenotypes ratio(50%),followed by CPCY(33%)and FM(17%).Further,dietary CPC increased hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels with concurrently increased cholesterol syn-thesis but decreased triglyceride synthesis-associated transcription levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,di-etary CPC increased bile acid synthesis but decreased bile acid transport-associated transcription levels(P<0.05),and then induced an increment of plasma cholic acid and hepatic chenodeoxycholic acid content and the decrement of genus Romboustia(P<0.05).Regarding the effect of MsYF,fish fed CPCY reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and total plasma bile acid content(P<0.05)compared to CPC,suggesting an improvement in liver health.Also,dietary MsYF could reverse the microbiota community structure showing a similar gut microbial composition to FM.In conclusion,81%of fishmeal protein replaced by cottonseed protein concentrate suppressed growth and liver health,while dietary MsYF might mitigate the negative impact of a high cottonseed protein concentrate level diet on liver functions via gut microbiota regulation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20266,31972771,31972805,31672670)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-46)+2 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0900400)Fund Project in State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(2019FBZ02,2019FBZ05)Hubei High-tech Innovation and Business Incubation Center(2019-02-055).
文摘Chlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds.However,the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive.This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance,pigmentation,and liver health in largemouth bass.Five diets were formulated to replace dietary fish meal of 0%(C0,control),25%(C25),50%(C50),75%(C75),and 100%(C100)with Chlorella meal,respectively.Total 300 fish(17.6±0.03 g)were randomly assigned to 15 tanks(3 tanks/group).Fish were fed the experimental diet twice daily for 8 weeks.The increased dietary Chlorella meal quadratically influenced the final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),and feed intake(FI),which were significantly lower in the C100 group than in the other groups(P<0.05).The feed conversion ratio(FCR)increased linearly or quadratically with dietary Chlorella meal.Dietary Chlorella meal linearly or quadratically increased the lutein content of plasma,liver,and dorsal muscle of largemouth bass(P<0.05).Compared to the C0 group,all supplemented Chlorella meal groups significantly improved the yellowness(b*)of the dorsal body(1.5 to 2.0 fold),abdominal body(1.5 to 1.8 fold),and dorsal muscle(3.8 to 5.4 fold)of largemouth bass(P<0.05).In addition,compared to the C0 group,the liver vacuolation area of fish was significantly increased in the C75 and C100 groups(P<0.05).Transcriptional levels of apoptosis-related genes of b-cell lymphoma-2(bcl2),caspase-9-like(casp9),and caspase-3a(casp3)were markedly upregulated(0.9 to 1.6 fold)in the C100 group compared to the C0 group(P<0.05).Based on the quadratic regression analysis between FBW,WGR,or SGR and dietary Chlorella meal level,largemouth bass had the best growth when replacing 31.7%to 32.6%of fish meal with 15.03%to 15.43%dietary Chlorella meal.The present results indicated that dietary supplementation with Chlorella meal(11.85%to 47.45%)significantly enhanced the pigmentation;however,total replacement of fish meal(40%)with Chlorella meal(47.45%)caused growth retardation,apoptosis,and liver damage in largemouth bass.
文摘AIM: To examine the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and general health perception.METHODS: This cross sectional and prospective follow-up study was performed on a cohort of a sub-sample of the first Israeli national health and nutrition examination survey, with no secondary liver disease or history of alcohol abuse. On the first survey, in 2003-2004, 349 participants were included. In 2009-2010 participants from the baseline survey were invited to participate in a follow-up survey. On both baseline and follow-up surveys the data collected included: self-reported general health perception, physical activity habits, frequency of physician’s visits, fatigue impact scale and abdominal ultrasound. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography using standardized criteria and the ratio between the median brightness level of the liver and the right kidney was calculated to determine the Hepato-Renal Index.RESULTS: Out of 349 eligible participants in the first survey, 213 volunteers participated in the follow-up cohort and were included in the current analysis, NAFLD was diagnosed in 70/213 (32.9%). The prevalence of 'very good' self-reported health perception was lower among participants diagnosed with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD. However, adjustment for BMI attenuated the association (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.36-1.50, P = 0.392). Similar results were observed for the hepato-renal index; it was inversely associated with 'very good' health perception but adjustment for BMI attenuated the association. In a full model of multivariate analysis, that included all potential predictors for health perception, NAFLD was not associated with the self-reported general health perception (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.40-1.86, P = 0.704). The odds for 'very good' self-reported general health perception (compared to 'else') increased among men (OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.26-4.66, P = 0.008) and those with higher performance of leisure time physical activity (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P < 0.001, per every minute/week) and decreased with increasing level of BMI (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.99, P = 0.028, per every kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and older age (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99, P = 0.033, per one year). Current smoking was not associated with health perception (OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 0.54-3.16, P = 0.552). Newly diagnosed (naive) and previously diagnosed (at the first survey, not naive) NAFLD patients did not differ in their self-health perception. The presence of NAFLD at the first survey as compared to normal liver did not predict health perception deterioration at the 7 years follow-up. In terms of health-services utilization, subjects diagnosed with NAFLD had a similar number of physician’s visits (general physicians and specialty consultants) as in the normal liver group. Parameters in the fatigue impact scale were equivalent between the NAFLD and the normal liver groups.CONCLUSION: Fatty liver without clinically significant liver disease does not have independent impact on self-health perception.
文摘BACKGROUND:Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has recently emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage liver disease.In the meantime,the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the donors is becoming better appreciated.Here we aimed to review the current literature and summarize the effects of liver donation on the long-term HRQoL of living donors.DATA SOURCES:A literature search of PubMed using 'donors','living donor liver transplantation','health-related quality of life',and 'donation' was performed,and all the information was collected.RESULTS:The varied postoperative outcomes of liver donors are attributive to the different evaluation instruments used.On the whole,donors experienced good long-term physical and mental well-being with a few complaining of compromised quality of life due to mild symptoms or psychiatric problems.The psychosocial dimension has received increasing attention with the vocational,interpersonal and financial impact of liver donation on donors mostly studied.CONCLUSIONS:Generally,donors have a good HRQoL after LDLT.Nevertheless,to achieve an ideal donor outcome,further work is necessary to minimize the negative effects as well as to incorporate recent progress in regenerative medicine.
基金supported by grants from the Major State Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China(2009CB522404)Guangdong Province Science and Technology Project (2011B060300002)
文摘BACKGROUND: Few studies have been performed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in liver transplantation (LT) patients in the mainland of China. This study aimed to investigate the HRQOL of post-LT patients in a single center. METHODS: HRQOL was evaluated by the SF-36 (Chinese version) questionnaire in 60 patients (LT group) who had received LT for benign end-stage liver disease (BELD). Fifty-five patients with BELD (BELD group) and 50 healthy volunteers from the general population (GP group) were also evaluated, and the results were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference among the three groups in terms of the scores of eight domains in the SF-36 (P<0.01). Patients in the BELD group had lower scores in each domain of the SF-36 in comparison with those in the GP group (P<0.025). The LT group had mental health scores equivalent to those of the BELD group (P>0.025), but higher scores for the remaining seven domains (P<0.025). Compared with the GP group, the LT group scored equivalently for role physical, body pain, vitality, social function and role emotion (P>0.025), but had lower scores for the remaining three domains (P<0.025). Lower family income was found to be associated with reduced physical function and mental health scores (P<0.05). Better education was associated with increased mental health scores (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LT patients generally have a good HRQOL although some respects of their HRQOL remains to be improved. Lower family income and poor education are important factors relating to the poor HRQOL of LT patients.
文摘BACKGROUND： Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis- ease （NAFLD） share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study investigated whether low skel- etal muscle mass is differentially associated with NAFLD by gender in Korean adults. METHODS： We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The skeletal muscle index （SMI） was obtained by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the weight. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index （FLI） 〉60 in the absence of other chronic liver disease. RESULTS： Among the included subjects, 18.3% （SE： 1.4%） in men and 7.0% （SE： 0.7%） in women were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD. Most of the risk factors for FLI-defined NAFLD showed a significant negative correlation with the SMI in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low SMI was associated with FLI-defined NAFLD, inde- pendent of other metabolic and lifestyle parameters in both genders [males： odds ratio （OR）=1.35; 95% confidence inter- val （CI）： 1.17-1.54; females： OR=1.36; 95% CI： 1.18-1.55]. The magnitude of the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and low SMI was higher in middle aged to elderly males （OR-1.50; 95% CI： 1.22-1.84） than in males less than 45 years of age （OR=1.25; 95% CI： 1.02-1.52） and in premenopausal females （OR=l.50; 95% CI： 1.12-2.03） than in postmenopausal females （OR-1.36; 95% CI： 1.20-1.54）.CONCLUSIONS： Low SMI is associated with the risk of FLI- defined NAFLD independent of other well-known metabolic risk factors in both genders. This association may differ ac- cording to age group or menopausal status. Further studies are warranted to confirm this relationship.
