Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in 86 patients

BACKGROUND: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), the second most common benign hepatic tumor after hemangioma, is characterized by a stellate central scar and hyperplastic nodules. Although some large FNH may be associated with significant symptoms, more frequently they are discovered incidentally on physical examination or the work-up of unrelated symptoms. Since its nature and pathogenesis are still controversial, accurate diagnosis of FNH based on clinical presentation and radiographic studies is difficult. The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnosis and treatment of FNH. METHODS: Eighty-six FNH patients confirmed pathologically were treated at the Liver Cancer Institute in our hospital from 1996 to 2006. Their clinical manifestions, imaging presentation, pathological findings, and surgical results were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 86 patients with 99 foci, 54 were male and 32 female, with a mean age of 37 years. Eighty patients had a single solitary focus and 6 had multiple foci. Tumor diameter was less than 5 cm in 69 patients, 5-10 cm in 15, and more than 10 cm in 2. The overall rate of correct preoperative diagnosis was 59.3% (51/86) including 32.9% (26/79) by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), 60.3% (35/58) by CT, and 77.4% (24/31) by MRI. All the 86 patients underwent resection with good curative effect. CONCLUSIONS: CT and MRI are important diagnostic methods for FNH but it is difficult to make a definite preoperative diagnosis for partial classical and all non-classical FNH patients. We suggest that patients with clinical symptoms or with indefinite diagnosis should accept surgical removal.

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the liver:Perinodular enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

We report the case of a 69-year-old woman with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia(RLH) of the liver.She underwent partial hepatectomy under a preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma; however,histopathological analysis revealed RLH.The liver nodule showed the imaging feature of perinodular enhancement in the arterial dominant phase on contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,which could be a useful clue for identifying RLH in the liver.Histologically,the perinodular enhancement was compatible with prominent sinusoidal dilatation surrounding the liver nodule.

Effect of fatty liver background on contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic appearance of focal nodular hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is increasingly diagnosed as a result of the advances in imaging studies such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, FNH with atypical features can be difficult to differentiate from other benign and malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fatty liver background on the CEUS characteristics of FNH. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with FNH were divided into two groups: group A included 14 patients with fatty liver and group B included 12 patients with normal liver background. Conventional two-dimensional ultrasonography and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) were conducted and followed by real-time dual-frame CEUS. RESULTS: On two-dimensional ultrasonography, hypoechoic nodules were present in most of the patients in group A (12/14) and hyperechoic nodules in most of those in group B (7/12). The difference in the nodule echotextures between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Nodules with centrifugal blood flow signals on CDFI were found in 6 of the 14 patients in group A and 5 of the 12 in group B (P>0.05). On CEUS, nodules with a central spoked-wheel-like enhancement pattern in the early arterial phase were observed in 8 patients in group A and those with an eccentric enhancement pattern in the remaining 6 patients. In this group, 3 patients had hypoechoic nodules in the delayed phase. Eleven of the 14 patients in this group were diagnosed accurately with CEUS. In group B, nodules with a rapid central spoked-wheel-like enhancement pattern in the early arterial phase were found in 8 patients by CEUS and those with rapid an eccentric enhancement pattern in 4. The nodules were found to be continuously enhanced in the delayed phase. All of the patients in group B were accurately diagnosed with CEUS. CONCLUSIONS: A FNH nodule on a background of fatty liver may present a hypoechoic pattern on two-dimensional ultrasonography and a hypoechoic wash-out pattern in the delayed phase on CEUS. At this time, punch biopsy is needed for the diagnosis or differential diagnosis of FNH.

Human immunodeficiency virus and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of liver: A systematic review

AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, pathogenesis, natural history, and management of nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the medical literature regarding NRH in patients with HIV. Inclusion criteria include reports with biopsy proven NRH. We studied the clinical features of NRH, in particular, related to its presenting manifestation and laboratory values. Combinations of the following keywords were implemented: "nodular regenerative hyperplasia", "human immunodeficiency virus", "noncirrhotic portal hypertension", "idiopathic portal hypertension", "cryptogenic liver disease", "highly active antiretroviral therapy" and "didanosine". The bibliographies of these studies were subsequently searched for any additional relevant publications.RESULTS: The clinical presentation of patients with NRH varies from patients being completely asymptomatic to the development of portal hypertension – namely esophageal variceal bleeding and ascites. Liver associated enzymes are generally normal and synthetic function well preserved. There is a strong association between the occurrence of NRH and the use of antiviral therapies such as didanosine. The management of NRH revolves around treating the manifestations of portal hypertension. The prognosis of NRH is generally good since liver function is preserved. A high index of suspicion is required to make a identify NRH. CONCLUSION: The appropriate management of HIVinfected persons with suspected NRH is yet to be outlined. However, NRH is a clinically subtle condition that is difficult to diagnose, and it is important to be able to manage it according to the best available evidence.

Plane and weighted tri-phase helical CT findings in the diagnosis of liver focal nodular hyperplasia

Objective: To analyze the pre- and post-contrast CT findings of liver focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) so as to improve their diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Pre- and post-contrast tri-phase (arterial, portal venous and delayed) scans were performed in 21 patients with FNH proved surgically and patholo- gically. Transcatheter arterial angiography was per- formed in 2 patients. Results: Pre-contrast scans showed hypodensity in 16 patients, isodensity in 5, and punctate, streak and radial scars in 12. Except central scar, all lesions were markedly and homogeneously enhanced in the arterial phase. Nine of the 21 patients showed dilated and tortuous arteries in the central and peripheral areas of the focus. In the portal venous phase, focal density was decreased, though still higher or slightly higher in FNH than in parenchyma. In the delayed phase, the lesions showed isodensity or slight hypo- density. Enhanced capsules were seen in 3 patients. Dilated arteries and drainage veins were seen on an- giographic images. Conclusion: The characteristic manifestations of FNH on multiphasic helical CT scan are of great sig- nificance in diagnosing FNH and choosing viable therapy.

Atypical focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver

BACKGROUND:Focal nodular hyperplasia,a benign hepatic tumor,is usually asymptomatic.However,rarely the entity can cause symptoms,mandating intervention. METHOD:We present a case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver,which caused a considerable diagnostic dilemma due to its atypical presentation. RESULTS:A 29-year-old woman presented with a 15-year history of a progressively increasing mass in the right upper quadrant which was associated with pain and emesis. Examination showed a firm,mobile mass palpable below the right subcostal margin.A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed an exophytic mass arising from hepatic segments III and IVb.Trucut biopsy of the hepatic mass was equivocal.Angiography showed a vascular tumor that was supplied by a tortuous branch of the proper hepatic artery. Surgical intervention for removal of the mass was undertaken. Intra-operatively,two large discrete tumors were found and completely resected.Histopathological examination showed features consistent with focal nodular hyperplasia. CONCLUSION:This description of an unusual case of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver highlights the point that the diagnosis of otherwise benign hepatic tumors may be difficult despite extensive work-up in some cases.

Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia of Liver Mimicking Cirrhosis: a Case Report

A 34-year-old man with no history of any abdominal pain or fatigue was admitted to our hospital in June 2008 due to the cirrhosis found incidentally during a physical examination. Laboratory examination, electrocardiograph, abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out during his hospitalization. However, according to the results of the above measures, the diagnosis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (NRHL) could not be made. The result of electrocardiograph showed there was no sinus bradycardia. The abdominal ultrasonography showed evidence of hepatosplenomegaly, and magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple non-enhancing hepatic nodules. Histologic conifrmation was available by means of liver biopsy and the deifnitive diagnosis of NRHL was conifrmed histologically by liver biopsy. NRHL always presents with signs of portal hypertension with little evidence of obvious liver disease, NRHL may mimick the cirrhosis of liver and be easily confused with cirrhosis of the liver nodules, so liver biopsy should be recommended for correct diagnosis. The clinical, radiological and pathologic features of this case with NRHL was reported in order to familiarize the physicians with its clinical manifestations.

Percutaneous Microwave Coagulation for the Treatment of Small Solitary Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of Liver

Background: Whether percutaneous microwave coagulation (PMC) is safe and effective for the treatment of symptomatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver remains unknown. Methods: Between January 2006 and September 2015, sixteen patients with solitary symptomatic FNHs in the liver (the largest diameter less than 5 cm) were treated by PMC. The safty and effectiveness were analyzed. Results: There were 4 males and 12 females. All these patients suffered from upper abdominal pain. The FNHs ranged in size from 3.2 cm to 5.0 cm (3.9 cm ± 0.12 cm). All the PMC procedures were performed successfully. All 16 patients had symptomatic improvement after the treatment with no procedure-related morbidity or mortality. Among 16 patients, 15 (93.8%) patients with FNHs were assessed to be ablated completely by CT examination performed within four weeks after PMC treatment. One patient failed to follow up regularly, but showed up 2 years and 7 months later for suffering upper abdominal pain again with original FNH enlargement, and the patient received surgical resection of the FNH and achieved asymptomatic aftermath. Conclusion: PMC is safe and effectiveness for symptomatic liver FNHs. PMC should be considered to be an alternative modality for those solitary FNHs with less than 5 cm in diameter.

柴芍乳增胶囊对肝郁气滞型乳腺增生大鼠神经递质和胃肠激素的影响

目的观察柴芍乳增胶囊对肝郁气滞型乳腺增生模型大鼠的治疗作用及机制。方法采用注射苯甲酸雌二醇加不可预知的应激刺激方法,复制肝郁气滞型乳腺增生大鼠模型。模型大鼠给予柴芍乳增胶囊高、中、低剂量(1.2、0.6、0.3 g·kg^(-1))。连续28天。观察大鼠一般状态及行为学指标,乳头直径、乳头高度及乳腺组织病理形态学变化,测血清孕酮(P)、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、胃动素(MTL)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、P物质(SP)。结果与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠脱毛、倦怠、反应迟钝、易激怒,自主活动次数减少、蔗糖水偏嗜度降低,体质量明显降低(P<0.01);乳头直径增加,乳头高度增大(P<0.01);乳腺小叶增生程度增大(P<0.01)。血清中E2、LH、5-TH、NE、DA、MTL、SP含量升高,P、VIP含量降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,柴芍乳增胶囊各剂量组脱毛、倦怠、反应迟钝、易激怒等症状明显改善,自主活动次数增加、蔗糖水偏嗜度升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);乳头直径和乳头高度明显减少(P<0.05或P<0.01);乳腺小叶增生程度降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);血清中P、FSH、VIP含量明显升高,E2、LH、5-TH、NE、DA、MTL、SP含量显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论柴芍乳增胶囊能缓解肝郁气滞型乳腺增生模型大鼠性激素紊乱,调节神经递质水平,改善胃肠激素异常,减轻肝郁气滞症状,抑制乳腺增生。

基于“湿、气、虚”三因辨证治疗乳腺增生病经验

首都国医名师王玉英教授从事中医药教学、临床工作六十余载,对于妇科及相关疾病有其独到的见解。王教授认为乳腺增生病的发生与脾肝肾三脏功能失职密切相关,强调从湿、气、虚、冲任等方面寻找病因辨治本病,认为本病的主要病机为痰湿内蕴、肝气郁结、肾阴虚损、冲任失调,针对病机可采用行气化痰、疏肝理气、滋补肾阴、调理冲任等法进行治疗,散结始终贯穿其中。本文总结王教授经验,附验案2则,以飨同道。

肝脏局灶性结节增生13例磁共振误诊分析及病理对照

目的 探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)的磁共振成像(MRI)可能误诊原因并进行病理对照分析,以加深认识。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2023年1月期间浙江省丽水中心医院经病理证实的21例FNH患者资料,2名评估者在不知晓病理结果的情况下共同评估病灶的MRI征象(包括病灶一般情况、平扫信号、增强扫描强化表现及周围组织伴随征象)并做出诊断,对评估结论达成一致意见;以病理结果为金标准,对误诊病例进行病理对照及误诊原因分析。结果 21例肝脏FNH中的13例患者共13个病灶被误诊,其中被误诊为肝细胞癌4例,肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌1例,转移瘤1例,孤立性纤维瘤3例,上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例,肝细胞腺瘤2例。病理对照分析:2例MRI上见“假包膜征”的病灶在镜下无明显假包膜;而3例镜下存在假包膜的病灶却未能识别出MRI“假包膜征”。3例MRI上见“局部坏死”,但本组13例镜下均无局部缺血坏死表现。2例MRI上被评估为存在“脂肪变性征”的病灶在镜下均存在较明显的脂肪细胞积聚;MRI上无“脂肪变性征”者在镜下也无明显脂肪变性。11例病灶在镜下可见瘢痕,但在MRI中13例病灶均未能识别“延迟强化瘢痕”。结论 肝脏FNH的误诊原因主要有:中央瘢痕缺失或瘢痕的形态/信号/强化不典型、病灶出现肝细胞癌征象“脂肪变性”、误判存在肝细胞癌征象“假包膜征”;此外,病灶外生性生长与肝外其他脏器紧贴、“评估者受临床病史的影响”可能也会导致误诊。

31例肝局灶性结节性增生患者的MRI及病理特征分析

目的:分析肝局灶性结节性增生(FNH)患者的磁共振成像(MRI)及病理特征。方法:选取2017年1月—2019年12月某三甲医院经手术病理确诊的FNH患者31例。所有患者术前均行MRI平扫及增强扫描,其中4例使用钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强扫描,分别进行影像学及病理学对照分析。结果:形态学表现:31例FNH患者共61个病灶,呈分叶状或类圆形,长径0.4~9.4 cm,平均(2.8±2.2)cm。其中20个病灶长径>3.0 cm;24个病灶见中心瘢痕。长径>3.0 cm的病灶中,瘢痕检出率为80.0%(16/20),假包膜检出率为9.8%(6/61)。FNH信号特点:T1WI显示等稍低信号。T2WI及DWI显示等稍高信号,弥散无明显受限。动态增强扫描显示“快进慢出”强化方式(动脉期明显强化;门脉期及平衡期呈等稍高信号,瘢痕延迟强化)。病理特点:大体检查结果显示,病灶表现为灰黄色结节,质地中等,界限清楚,部分中心见星状瘢痕,3例可见包膜。镜检结果显示,瘢痕由纤维组织、厚壁畸形血管及炎性细胞构成,肝细胞形态正常,缺乏静脉系统。免疫组化结果显示,甲胎蛋白(AFP)阴性,CD34血管阳性,CK19、CK7胆管阳性,肝细胞特异性抗原(Hepa)阳性,Ki-67部分阳性,谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)地图状阳性。结论:FNH在MRI上以T1WI等稍低信号,T2WI及DWI等稍高信号为主;“快进慢出”强化方式是FNH的典型MRI特征,与其病理基础一致;Gd-EOB-DTPA增强扫描更能准确反应FNH的血供特点及病理特征。

肝脏局灶性结节性增生患者临床特征及影像学表现

目的分析肝脏局灶性结节性增生(FNH)患者的临床特征及超声、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)表现。方法2020年3月~2023年3月我院诊治的FNH患者96例,均接受超声、CT和MRI检查,经穿刺活检或手术后组织病理学检查诊断。结果在96例FNH患者中,19例(19.8%)有上腹部饱胀不适,8例(8.3%)有乙型肝炎,95例(99.0%)血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)阴性,1例(1.0%)轻度升高,14例(14.6%)血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)轻度升高;病理学检查诊断经典型86例(89.6%)和非经典型10例(10.4%);超声检查病灶边界清楚,大多表现为低回声区,57例病灶内见丰富的血流信号;CT扫描可见病灶呈稍低密度或等密度结节,密度均匀,与周围肝实质分界清楚。增强扫描动脉期见病灶呈均匀强化83例,动脉期无强化13例;在38例接受MRI检查的患者,病灶表现为T1WI呈等信号或低信号,T2WI呈等信号或高信号,边界均清楚,增强扫描动脉期病灶均明显强化,门静脉期病灶呈等或略高信号,延迟期强化减低。结论大多数FNH缺乏特异性的临床表现和影像学特征,穿刺活检或直接手术可能是当下最可能的选择。

先天性肾上腺皮质增生症新生儿血清睾酮与肝肾功能的相关性

目的探讨先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(CAH)新生儿血清睾酮与肝肾功能的相关性。方法选择2019年1月至2022年6月郑州大学附属儿童医院收治的38例CAH新生儿作为观察组;另选择同期本院体检健康新生儿38例作为对照组。比较2组新生儿肝肾功能指标血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、肌酐(Scr)、尿酸(UA)、血尿素氮(BUN)水平,并分析各指标与睾酮的相关性。结果观察组与对照组新生儿的性别、年龄、出生体质量、体温、脉搏、血压和血清ALT、AST、ALP水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组与对照组新生儿血清睾酮、TP、ALB、GLB、GGT、Scr、UA、BUN水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,TP、ALB、GLB、Scr、UA、BUN水平与睾酮呈正相关(r=0.604、0.519、0.456、0.523、0.434、0.510,P<0.05)。结论CAH新生儿TP、ALB、GLB、Scr、UA、BUN与睾酮水平呈正相关,随着血清睾酮水平增加,肝分泌功能增强,肾功能损伤程度加重。

腹腔镜下微波消融治疗肝脏局灶性结节性增生的疗效

目的:评估腹腔镜微波消融技术治疗肝脏局灶性结节性增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)的疗效与安全性。方法:回顾性分析2019年11月—2024年3月于南京医科大学第一附属医院肝胆中心接受治疗的FNH患者资料,其中43例接受腹腔镜微波消融治疗(消融组),65例接受外科切除治疗(切除组),对比两组患者手术时长、术中出血量、术后住院时间、费用以及术后并发症等关键指标。结果:消融组患者的手术均成功完成,平均手术时间为(1.1±0.6)h,术中平均出血量为(35.8±6.7)mL,术后平均住院时间为(2.9±1.5)d,平均住院费用为(21257.5±3059.2)元,这些指标均显著优于切除组。术后并发症包括发热(4例,占9.3%)、血尿(1例,占2.3%)和肾功能不全(血肌酐水平236μmol/L,1例,占2.3%)。术后并发症的发生率与切除组相比差异无统计学意义。随访结果表明,所有患者的病灶均获得完全消融,且在1年的随访期内,未发现病灶增大或复发。结论:腹腔镜微波消融治疗FNH安全、有效且经济,值得在临床上进一步推广和应用。

多层螺旋CT检查在鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与肝脏局灶性结节增生中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查在鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)中的应用价值。方法 选取我院2019年1月至2022年12月收治的肝脏占位性病变患者83例,均开展MSCT检查,统计原发性肝癌、FNH检出情况,并以肝穿刺活检为金标准,分析MSCT鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与FNH的诊断效能;采用Kappa检验验证MSCT鉴别诊断与肝穿刺活检的一致性。结果 83例肝脏占位性病变患者,经肝穿刺活检证实41例为原发性肝癌,42例为FNH;经MSCT检出原发性肝癌40例,FNH 43例,原发性肝癌检出率为97.56%;MSCT鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与FNH的灵敏度为95.12%、特异度为97.62%、准确度为96.39%、阳性预测值为97.50%、阴性预测值为95.35%;Kappa检验显示,MSCT鉴别诊断与肝穿刺活检的Kappa值为0.928,一致性极高。结论 MSCT检测在鉴别诊断原发性肝癌与FNH中价值高,可提高诊断准确性,便于早期开展针对性治疗,以更好改善患者预后。

肝脏局灶性结节增生动态增强MRI征象与病灶大小的关系

目的 分析肝脏局灶性结节增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FN H)动态增强MRI征象,探讨轮辐征与病灶大小的关系。方法 回顾分析经手术及病理证实的260例306枚肝脏局灶性结节增生动态增强MRI图像,所有病灶根据测量的最大径分为≤2cm组、2~5cm组和>5cm三组,分析轮辐征在不同大小组别中的差异。结果 306枚FNH病变的平均大小为4.45±2.56cm,检出癜痕170例,假包膜62例,供血动脉19例,具有轮辐征175例,FNH轮辐征、瘢痕、假包膜及供血动脉的检出,在不同大小分组中表现差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 动态增强MRI对轮辐征的检出取决于病灶大小,轮辐征对于较大FNH (>5.0cm)的诊断更有意义。

钆塞酸二钠增强MRI在肝局灶性结节增生及肝细胞癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强MRI对肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)及肝细胞癌(HCC)的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析35例肝FNH患者(肝FNH组)及54例HCC患者(HCC组)的临床资料,比较两组Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI的影像学资料,采用多因素Logistic回归模型筛选与肝FNH相关的因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI的影像特征单独鉴别诊断肝FNH和HCC的价值。结果肝FNH组中心瘢痕、扩散加权成像低信号、动态强化方式(快进慢出)、肝胆期中心低或高信号伴外周高信号的比例及表观弥散系数(ADC)值高于HCC组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,动态强化方式(快进慢出)、肝胆期中心低或高信号伴外周高信号、ADC值升高与肝FNH有关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,动态强化方式(快进慢出)、肝胆期中心低或高信号伴外周高信号、ADC值鉴别诊断肝FNH和HCC的曲线下面积分别为0.788、0.864、0.810,三者鉴别诊断效能相当。结论Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI的动态强化方式(快进慢出)、肝胆期中心低或高信号伴外周高信号及ADC值可有效鉴别肝FNH和HCC。

CT定量参数鉴别诊断肝局灶性结节增生与肝细胞癌的价值研究

目的探讨CT定量参数鉴别诊断肝局灶性结节性增生(FNH)与肝细胞癌(HCC)的价值。方法2017年8月~2022年8月我院诊治的HCC患者51例和同期就诊的FNH患者41例,均接受病理学检查及CT平扫和灌注增强扫描,记录两组CT定量参数肝血容量(HBV)、肝血流量(HBF)、肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)、总肝灌注量(TLP)、肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)和平均通过时间(mTT)。应用ROC曲线评估CT参数诊断HCC的价值,一致性分析采用Kappa检验。结果HCC组HBV、HBF和PVP水平分别为(31.9±10.1)mL/100mL、(204.7±66.3)mL/(100mL·min)和(22.8±6.4)mL/(100mL·min),均显著高于FNH组【分别为(21.4±6.8)mL/100mL、(115.7±33.9)mL/(100mL·min)和(9.2±3.0)mL/(100mL·min),P<0.05】,而HAP、HPI和mTT水平分别为(42.8±12.7)mL/(100mL·min)、(64.1±10.7)%和(5.3±1.5)s,均显著低于FNH组【分别为(61.8±20.4)mL/(100mL·min)、(87.5±6.1)%和(8.2±2.4)s,P<0.05】;经ROC分析发现,应用CT参数HBV、HBF、HAP、PVP、HPI和mTT能够诊断HCC,其曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.787、0.951、0.811、0.915、0.949和0.841(均P<0.05);经一致性分析,HBV、HBF、HAP、PVP、HPI和mTT联合诊断HCC的灵敏度为0.941,特异度为0.976,准确率为0.957,Kappa=0.912。结论应用CT扫描参数可帮助鉴别诊断FNH与HCC,在临床上有很大的实用价值。

犬骨质增生的中西医结合治疗

一例5岁龄北京(杂)犬出现后肢蜷缩、无法站立、匍匐前行,触诊脊椎、右后肢,患犬呻吟,疼痛感明显,深按后肢无反射;尿失禁、尿黄,排粪未见异常。经临床检查、实验室检查以及特殊检查,结果显示淀粉酶与Ca^(2+)含量均略低于正常值,脊椎处明显发亮,表明该犬骨质密度增加,胸椎末端与腰椎前端间隙变窄,间隙距离不均匀,在T13与L1间隙出现明显的钙化灶,椎体边缘有骨赘。综合各项指标,诊断为胸椎与腰椎间隙处(T13至L1)骨质增生。中兽医诊断发现患犬神情惊恐,舌色白、苔淡,脉浮且细,喜卧地板,四肢阴凉,辨证为里虚寒证。经西兽医缓解疼痛等对症治疗,中药养筋汤补肝生筋,温经通络,配合针灸通经除痹,艾灸行气活血。持续治疗30 d,病犬恢复正常,预后良好。