System Performance of Wireless Sensor Network Using LoRa–Zigbee Hybrid Communication

Wireless sensor network(WSN)is considered as the fastest growing technology pattern in recent years because of its applicability in varied domains.Many sensor nodes with different sensing functionalities are deployed in the monitoring area to collect suitable data and transmit it to the gateway.Ensuring communications in heterogeneous WSNs,is a critical issue that needs to be studied.In this research paper,we study the system performance of a heterogeneous WSN using LoRa–Zigbee hybrid communication.Specifically,two Zigbee sensor clusters and two LoRa sensor clusters are used and combined with two Zigbee-to-LoRa converters to communicate in a network managed by a LoRa gateway.The overall system integrates many different sensors in terms of types,communication protocols,and accuracy,which can be used in many applications in realistic environments such as on land,under water,or in the air.In addition to this,a synchronous management software on ThingSpeak Web server and Blynk app is designed.In the proposed system,the token ring protocol in Zigbee network and polling mechanism in LoRa network is used.The system can operate with a packet loss rate of less than 0.5%when the communication range of the Zigbee network is 630 m,and the communication range of the LoRa network is 3.7 km.On the basis of the digital results collected on the management software,this study proves tremendous improvements in the system performance.

Exploration of IoT Nodes Communication Using LoRaWAN in Forest Environment

The simultaneous advances in the Internet of Things(IoT),Artificial intelligence(AI)and Robotics is going to revolutionize our world in the near future.In recent years,LoRa(Long Range)wireless powered by LoRaWAN(LoRa Wide Area Network)protocol has attracted the attention of researchers for numerous applications in the IoT domain.LoRa is a low power,unlicensed Industrial,Scientific,and Medical(ISM)bandequipped wireless technology that utilizes a wide area network protocol,i.e.,LoRaWAN,to incorporate itself into the network infrastructure.In this paper,we have evaluated the LoRaWAN communication protocol for the implementation of the IoT(Internet of Things)nodes’communication in a forest scenario.The outdoor performance of LoRa wireless in LoRaWAN,i.e.,the physical layer,has been evaluated in the forest area of Kashirampur Uttarakhand,India.Hence,the present paper aims towards analyzing the performance level of the LoRaWAN technology by observing the changes in Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR),Packet Reception Ratio(PRR)and Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI),with respect to the distance between IoT nodes.The article focuses on estimating network lifetime for a specific set of LoRa configuration parameters,hardware selection and power constraints.From the experimental results,it has been observed that transmissions can propagate to a distance of 300 m in the forest environment,while consuming approx.63%less energy for spreading factor 7 at 2 dBm,without incurring significant packet loss with PRR greater than 80%.