A Scalable and Robust DHT Protocol for Structured P2P Network

Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) were originated from the design of structured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. A DHT provides a key-based lookup service similar to a hash table. In this paper, we present the detailed design of a new DHT protocol, Tambour. The novelty of the protocol is that it uses parallel lookup to reduce retrive latency and bounds communication overhead to a dynamically adjusted routing table. Tambour estimates the probabilities of routing entries' liveness based on statistics of node lifetime history and evicts dead entries after lookup failures. When the network is unstable, more routing entries will be evicted in a given period of time, and the routing tables will be getting smaller which minimize the number of timeouts for later lookup requests. An experimental prototype of Tambour has been simulated and compared against two popular DHT protocols. Results show that Tambour outperforms the compared systems in terms of bandwith cost, lookup latency and the overall efficiency.

基于推荐策略的P2P资源搜索算法研究与实现

针对结构化P2P架构中DHT算法面临的路由性能问题和节点加入/退出时的结构维护问题,提出了一种基于推荐策略的搜索算法RPSA,对现有DHT算法加以改进,并在P-Grid算法的原型系统上验证了RPSA的有效性。

PChord:a distributed hash table for P2P network

As a solution for data storage and information sharing for peer-to-peer(P2P)networks,a novel distributed hash table(DHT)structure called PChord is presented in this paper.PChord adopts a bi-directional searching mechanism superior to Chord and enhances the structure of the finger table.Based on Hilbert space filling curve,PChord realizes the mapping mechanism for multikeyword approximate searching.Compared with the Chord and Kademlia protocols,PChord evidently increases speed on resource searching and message spreading via theoretic proof and simulation results,while maintaining satisfactory load balance.

DHT网络基于债务关系的公平文件交换

P2P(peer to peer)网络中,节点的自私行为极大地降低了系统的可用性.基于债务关系的文件交换网络,构建了一种促进合作的激励机制.同时,该机制保证了文件交换的公平性.激励机制的关键在于DHT(distributed hash table)网络邻居有限的固有特征,因而节点间的交互易于形成重复博弈.DFFE(debt relationship based fair file exchange in DHT network)协议只需维护很少的本地节点交互信息,协议开销小、网络扩展性好.网络路由采用基于一跳信息的贪婪算法.理性节点间的博弈存在纳什均衡,其策略选择的近似算法具有渐进收敛性.仿真实验表明了激励机制的有效性和在动态网络中性能的稳定性.

Control DHT maintenance costs with session heterogeneity

The maintaining overheads of Distributed Hash Table (DHT) topology have recently received considerable attention. This paper presents a novel SHT (Session Heterogeneity Topology) model, in which DHT is reconstructed with session hetero- geneity. SHT clusters nodes by means of session heterogeneity among nodes and selects the stable nodes as the participants of DHT. With an evolving process, this model gradually makes DHT stable and reliable. Therefore the high maintaining overheads for DHT are effectively controlled. Simulation with real traces of session distribution showed that the maintaining overheads are reduced dramatically and that the data availability is greatly improved.

HAPS:Supporting Effective and Effcient Full-Text P2P Search with Peer Dynamics

Recently, peer-to-peer （P2P） search technique has become popular in the Web as an alternative to centralized search due to its high scalability and low deployment-cost. However, P2P search systems are known to suffer from the problem of peer dynamics, such as frequent node join/leave and document changes, which cause serious performance degradation. This paper presents the architecture of a P2P search system that supports full-text search in an overlay network with peer dynamics. This architecture, namely HAPS, consists of two layers of peers. The upper layer is a DHT （distributed hash table） network interconnected by some super peers （which we refer to as hubs）. Each hub maintains distributed data structures called search directories, which could be used to guide the query and to control the search cost. The bottom layer consists of clusters of ordinary peers （called providers）, which can receive queries and return relevant results. Extensive experimental results indicate that HAPS can perform searches effectively and efficiently. In addition, the performance comparison illustrates that HAPS outperforms a fiat structured system and a hierarchical unstructured system in the environment with peer dynamics.

A P2P Load Balancing-Supported ID Management Algorithm

Load balancing is a critical issue in peer-to-peer networks. DHT （distributed hash tables） do not evenly partition the hash-function range, and some nodes get a larger portion of it. The loads of some nodes are as much as O（log n） times the average. In this paper, a low-cost, decentralized algorithm for ID allocation with complete knowledge in DHT-based system is proposed. It can adjust system load on nodes’ departure. It is proved that the ratio of longest arc to shortest arc is no more than 4 with high probability when network scale increases non-strictly. When network scale decreases from one stable state to another, algorithm can repair the unevenness of nodes distribution. The performance is analyzed in simulation. Simulating results show that updating messages only occupy a little of network bandwidth.

BulkTree: an overlay network architecture for live media streaming

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are now very popular. Current P2P systems are broadly of two kinds, structured and unstructured. The tree structured P2P systems used technologies such as distributed hash tables (DHT) and hierarchical clustering can search the required target quickly, however, in a tree, the internal node has a higher load and its leave or crash often causes a large population of its offspring's problems, so that in the highly dynamic Internet environment the tree structure may still suffer frequent breaks. On the other hand, most widely used unstructured P2P networks rely on central directory servers or massive message flooding, clearly not scalable. So, we consider both of the above systems' advantages and disadvantages and realize that in the P2P systems one node may fail easily, but that when a number of nodes organized as a set, which we call "super node", the set is robust. Super nodes can be created and updated aware of topology-aware, and used with simple protocol such as flooding or "servers" to exchange information. Furthermore the entire robust super node can be organized into exquisite tree structure. By using this overlay network architecture, P2P systems are robust, efficient, scalable and secure. The simulation results demonstrated that our architecture greatly reduces the alteration time of the structure while decreasing the average delay time, compared to the common tree structure.