Explosion resistance performance of reinforced concrete box girder coated with polyurea:Model test and numerical simulation

To study the anti-explosion protection effect of polyurea coating on reinforced concrete box girder,two segmental girder specimens were made at a scale of 1:3,numbered as G(without polyurea coating)and PCG(with polyurea coating).The failure characteristics and dynamic responses of the specimens were compared through conducting explosion tests.The reliability of the numerical simulation using LS-DYNA software was verified by the test results.The effects of different scaled distances,reinforcement ratios,concrete strengths,coating thicknesses and ranges of polyurea were studied.The results show that the polyurea coating can effectively enhance the anti-explosion performance of the girder.The top plate of middle chamber in specimen G forms an elliptical penetrating hole,while that in specimen PCG only shows a very slight local dent.The peak vertical displacement and residual displacement of PCG decrease by 74.8% and 73.7%,respectively,compared with those of specimen G.For the TNT explosion with small equivalent,the polyurea coating has a more significant protective effect on reducing the size of fracture.With the increase of TNT equivalent,the protective effect of polyurea on reducing girder displacement becomes more significant.The optimal reinforcement ratio,concrete strength,thickness and range of polyurea coating were also drawn.

Simulation analysis for O-cell test of pile and the interaction of upper pile and lower pile

In this paper,the soil-pile system of O-cell test of pile is simplified as an axi-symmetric problem.By using aggregation of quadrilateral isoparametric elements to simulate pile and soil,setting Goodman's elements between pile and soils,a method of numerical simulation analysis on O-cell test of pile is presented with the consideration of nonlinear mechanical behavior of soils and pile-soil interface.The method is applied to the analysis of a case of O-cell test of pile.The load-displacement curves and axial force curves of upper pile and lower pile obtained from the O-cell test of pile are fitted,and parameters of the mechanical model of soils and interface are determined.Analysis results validate that the numerical simulation analysis method put forward in this paper is applicable.Furthermore,the interaction and influence of upper pile and lower pile in the O-cell test are also studied with the method.The result shows that if load box is located in a soil layer with fine mechanical behavior,the interaction of upper pile and lower pile in O-cell test can be ignored generally.

Test and numerical investigations on static and dynamic characteristics of extra-wide concrete self-anchored suspension bridge under vehicle loads

The present work is aimed at studying the mechanic properties of the extra-wide concrete self-anchored suspension bridge under static and dynamic vehicle loads. Based on the field test using 12 heavy trucks and finite element simulations, the static deformations of different components, stress increments and distributions of the girder, as well as the vibration characteristics and damping ratio of the Hunan Road Bridge were analyzed, which is the widest self-anchored suspension bridge in China at present. The dynamic responses were calculated using the Newmark-β integration method assisted by the simulation models of bridge and vehicles, the influences on the dynamic impact coefficient(DIC) brought by the vehicle parameters, girder width, eccentricity travel and deck flatness were also researched. The spatial effect of the girder is obvious due to the extra width, which performs as the stress increments distribute unevenly along the transverse direction, and the girder deflections and stress increments of the upper plate change as a "V" and "M" shape respectively under the symmetrical vehicle loads affected by the shear lag effect, cross slope and local effect of the wheels, the maximum of stress increments are located in the junctions with the inner webs. The obvious girder torsional deformation and the apparent unevenness of the hanger forces between the two cable planes under the eccentric vehicle loads, together with the mode shapes such as the girder transverse bending and torsion which appear relatively earlier, all reflect the weakened torsional rigidity of the extra-wide girder. The transverse displacements of towers are more obvious than the longitudinal ones. As for the influences on the DIC, the static effect of the heavier vehicles plays a major role when pass through with a higher speed and the changes of vehicle suspension stiffness generate greater impacts than the suspension damp. The values of DIC in the vehicle-running side during the eccentric travel, affected by the restricts from the static effects of the eccentric moving trucks, are significantly smaller than the vehicle-free side, the increase in the road roughness is the most sensitive one among the above influential factors. The results could provide references for the design, static and dynamic response analysis of the similar extra-wide suspension bridges.

Dynamic response of UHMWPE plates under combined shock and fragment loading

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber composite has been extensively used to construct lightweight protective structures against ballistic impacts,yet little is known about its performance when subjected to combined blast and fragment impacts.Built upon a recently developed laboratory-scale experimental technique to generate simulated combined loading through the impact of a fragment-foam composite projectile launched from a light gas gun,the dynamic responses of fullyclamped UHMWPE plates subjected to combined loading were characterized experimentally,with corresponding deformation and failure modes compared with those measured with simulated blast loading alone.Subsequently,to explore the underlying physical mechanisms,three-dimensional(3D)numerical simulations with the method of finite elements(FE)were systematically carried out.Numerical predictions compared favorably well with experimental measurements,thus validating the feasibility of the established FE model.Relative to the case of blast loading alone,combined blast and fragment loading led to larger maximum deflections of clamped UHMWPE plates.The position of the FSP in the foam sabot affected significantly the performance of a UHMWPE target,either enhancing or decreasing its ballistic resistance.When the blast loading and fragment impact arrived simultaneously at the target,its ballistic resistance was superior to that achieved when subjected to fragment impact alone,and benefited from the accelerated movement of the target due to simultaneous blast loading.

ROC Analysis in Radiotherapy:A TCP Model-Based Test

Several mathematical models have been proposed to describe the dynamics of irradiated cancer cells and to evaluate the tumour control probability (TCP). In this article, we propose a TCP model-based statistical test for predicting the outcome of a radiation treatment. We determine the foresight capability of prostate tumour erradication (cure) from Monte Carlo simulations of the Dawson-Hillen TCP model. We construct the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the test from the probability distributions of the fraction of remaining tumour cells for simulated experiments that evolve either to cure or non-cure. Simulations show that a similar procedure may be applicable to clinical data. Results suggest that the evaluation of tumour sizes after the treatment has started may be used for short-term prognosis.

桩板式路基引扩孔灌浆后植入桩的承载特性

为了探明桩板路基结构中引扩孔灌浆后植入预制混凝土桩的承载特性和荷载传递机制,以G3W德阳-上饶高速公路合肥至枞阳段桩板路基桩基工程为依托,开展了2组不同扩孔条件下孔内灌入砂浆后植入预制桩的静载荷试验。考虑植入桩中内部芯桩、外围砂浆固结体与周围土三者的相互作用,基于界面剪切试验,揭示了芯桩-砂浆界面、砂浆-土界面剪切性能的非线性,并分别建立了砂浆-土界面双曲线剪切模型和芯桩混凝土-砂浆界面弹性-破坏剪切模型。在此基础上,构建了引扩孔灌浆后植入桩三维数值分析模型。现场载荷试验结果验证了数值模型的可靠性,并对引扩孔灌浆后植入桩的荷载传递机制和影响因素进行了数值分析。结果表明:引扩孔灌浆后植入桩桩端荷载约为桩顶总荷载的20%,整体表现为端承摩擦桩的承载特性;外围较高强度水泥砂浆可有效将芯桩荷载传递至周围土,能起到扩径增强的作用;试验工况下芯桩-包裹砂浆界面阻力沿桩长呈两端大、中间小的分布特点,而包裹砂浆-土界面阻力随深度呈逐渐增大变化趋势;外围砂浆厚度的增加有利于提升传统预制管桩承载性能,但其厚度不宜过大,厚径比宜为0.2~0.5,以充分发挥内芯预制桩承载特性和芯桩-砂浆的协同作用。

空气舵抖振载荷地面模拟试验技术研究

固体火箭的空气舵在挂机飞行中受到抖振载荷作用,出现了异常偏转现象,需要通过地面试验排查原因,并开展抖振载荷适应性考核。由于传统的试验方法未能复现故障,本文提出了一种新的抖振载荷地面模拟试验新技术,通过挂机飞行舵面实测数据计算舵面抖振载荷,并基于优化算法完成地面模拟试验条件制定,通过多激振器联合激励方法来完成抖振载荷加载。该试验技术在地面试验中成功实现了产品故障复现,大幅提高试验考核的真实性,该研究结果可以推广应用到其它舵产品气动载荷地面考核中。

爆炸荷载下聚脲涂覆含局部缺陷油气管道的失效判定研究

通过埋地静爆试验,对经聚脲弹性体材料加固的含局部缺陷埋地油气管道抗爆性能及损伤评价进行研究,同时结合所得试验数据进行数值模拟,建立了浅埋爆炸荷载下聚脲弹性体材料加固含局部缺陷埋地油气管道损伤失效评估准则。结果表明:在折合距离为0.23 m/kg 1/3试验条件的浅埋爆炸荷载作用下,含局部缺陷普通管道与含局部缺陷聚脲管道迎爆面均发生了明显凹陷变形,含缺陷聚脲管道凹陷变形量较前者降低28.87%,且管道迎爆面及端部连接处易于遭受损伤;含局部缺陷普通管道迎爆面超压高于含局部缺陷聚脲管道且变形响应时间早于后者,表明聚脲材料可以有效降低爆炸冲击波压力峰值和推迟爆炸冲击波的作用时间。在进行爆炸荷载作用下管道的损伤失效判定时引入衡量管道横截面变形的截面临界椭圆度指标,最终建立了基于管道截面临界椭圆度的聚脲涂覆含局部缺陷埋地油气管道的超压-冲量损伤准则及判定公式。

装药过载环境力等效模拟实验技术研究

为解决装药安全可靠性能实验成本高、强过载环境测试难度大等瓶颈问题,以等效模拟弹体侵彻钢板时内部装药过载环境力为目标,基于数值模拟方法,设计了装药过载环境力等效模拟实验装置,并开展了等效模拟实验,突破了同时满足加载压力大于1 GPa和脉冲宽度大于100μs的技术难点。结果表明,弹丸侵彻钢板时装药受到的过载为正弦波单脉冲。在装置中采用波形调整器不仅能够调控加载到待测药表面的波形,还能对压力的衰减产生大幅影响。随着波形调整器厚度的增大,加载在待测药表面的压力逐渐减小,脉冲宽度显著增大;随着飞片厚度增大,飞片获得的驱动速度逐渐减小,加载在待测药表面的压力明显减小,脉冲宽度变化不明显。装药过载环境力模拟装置形成的脉冲特征值与弹丸侵彻钢靶过程的数值模拟结果对比,超压峰值误差最高为5.71%,脉宽误差最高为14.8%,均低于15%,验证了用该装置模拟弹体侵彻钢靶时装药加载状态的等效性。

近地面大长宽比跟踪式光伏阵列风洞试验研究

为明确近地面风场对跟踪式光伏结构风荷载取值的影响,本文基于风洞试验和计算流体力学(CFD)模拟对单排光伏组件的倾角、风向角、离地高度展开分析,并在此基础上研究了多排光伏阵列在不同风向角下,其遮挡效应对体型系数取值的影响.结果表明:单排光伏组件的表面风压符合梯形分布方式;多排光伏阵列中上游组件对下游的遮挡程度会随倾角的增大而增长,且后排光伏组件体型系数随着前排遮挡的增多逐渐趋于稳定;离地高度对光伏组件及阵列的体型系数存在一定的影响.

UH模型超固结状态演化分析及离心模型试验验证

本构模型是土力学求解强度变形问题的关键。研究揭示了剑桥模型在超临界侧强度过高、超固结状态下无法应力三维化、应力应变关系发生突变等存在的问题,分析了UH模型建立的超固结状态耦合演化机制及在弹塑性理论框架下实现的超固结状态与正常固结状态计算理论的统一,并基于三轴试验预测证明了UH模型能更加合理地描述超固结状态下土的应力应变关系。通过开展载荷板离心模型试验以及数值模拟验证可以发现,相较于剑桥模型,UH模型计算的地基土荷载变形曲线、侧压力系数分布更加准确,其本质是单元的应力应变关系更加科学、合理。研究证明UH模型的应用能显著提高超固结状态土体强度变形计算的准确性和实用性,对复杂岩土工程问题的计算求解具有重要理论价值和实践意义。

循环荷载作用下钢桩-软黏土接触面剪切特性研究

目前,中国海上风电工程的建设已进入快速发展阶段。海上风电机常采用大直径钢管桩作为基础,然而现在的桩基承载力设计预测方法往往基于小直径柔性桩,不适用于大直径刚性桩。因此需要研究海上桩基桩-土界面的相互作用,来对海上大直径刚性桩基的设计预测方法进行优化。使用循环荷载作用下钢桩-软黏土大型接触面剪切试验数据,建立法向循环荷载作用下钢与黏性土接触面剪切试验的离散元模型,对各个细观参数进行标定,分别研究动荷载频率和幅值对剪切特性的影响,并进行了细观机理分析。数值模拟结果表明动荷载频率和幅值越大,钢与黏性土接触面强度越小,其中动荷载幅值的影响较为明显。通过细观机理分析可以发现:动荷载频率和幅值越大,接触面处黏性土的颗粒位移越小;静荷载下黏性土的颗粒间作用力大于动荷载下的颗粒间作用力;动荷载会导致颗粒间的扰动,从而使接触面强度减小。研究结果可以为海上风电桩基承载力的准确预测提供理论基础。

活动门试验中土压力盒标定方法

为确保活动门试验结果的准确性,根据试验填土深度的不同,对一批相同型号的电阻式土压力盒进行了垂直方向上的分级加载和卸载标定,并考虑标定装置内壁摩擦力影响,修正了作用在土压力盒上的有效加载和卸载应力。通过对加卸载过程进行离散元模拟,证明有效加载和卸应力修正方法较为合理。标定试验结果表明,加载过程中微应变量-有效应力曲线呈线性变化,可使用线性函数拟合;卸载过程中微应变量-有效应力曲线存在明显的滞后现象,且滞后程度随有效加载应力的增大而增大,可使用单指数曲线拟合。标定土压力盒后,开展了填土试验,结果表明土压力盒不宜在压力过小或填土深度过小时使用。

装配式蒸压加气混凝土底板叠合楼板力学性能研究

提出了一种装配式蒸压加气混凝土(AAC)底板叠合楼板,该叠合楼板采用带凹槽的预制AAC板作为底板,在凹槽中布设肋梁钢筋,再现浇混凝土形成。通过静力试验和数值模拟研究了该叠合楼板的破坏机理、裂缝分布、承载能力、变形能力和整体工作性能,分析了跨度、配筋率和构造形式等因素对楼板力学性能的影响。对该叠合楼板进行数值分析,验证了有限元模型的合理性。结果表明:叠合楼板试件的破坏形态分为受压混凝土压碎和底板裂缝超限;预制AAC板侧开槽的构造形式能提高楼板的整体工作性能;试件的延性均值在2.5左右,具有较好的变形能力,且试件开裂后刚度变化不大;预制底板配筋率对叠合楼板的极限承载力和刚度影响显著,提高底板的配筋率可以明显提高叠合楼板的承载力和刚度。最后提出了装配式AAC叠合楼板的设计方法。

U形耗能钢板分级屈服型金属阻尼器抗震性能研究

传统金属阻尼器因耗能可靠和价格优势已得到广泛应用.针对目前大多金属阻尼器存在耗能单一,不能满足不同地震水准耗能要求的问题,利用U形耗能钢板构造简单、价格低廉、耗能较强等特点,通过组合不同参数的U形耗能钢板,设计了一种分级屈服型金属阻尼器.通过对两个试件进行低周反复荷载试验、抗疲劳试验,证实了此种阻尼器具有良好的耗能能力和优良的抗疲劳性能.其骨架曲线呈现明显的分级屈服特征,可在不同强度地震作用下实现分阶段耗能的目标.等效黏滞阻尼比随位移增大而逐渐增大,最后数值基本稳定在0.43左右,表明阻尼器具有稳定可靠的耗能效果.刚度退化曲线呈现初期下降速度快、之后逐渐缓慢的趋势.最后,通过有限元软件ABAQUS对阻尼器试件进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好.本研究可为分级屈服型金属阻尼器的研究和工程应用提供参考.

静力试验中水载荷控制过程建模与仿真

针对结构静力试验中极小载荷多点协调程控加载的需求,提出了以慢速比例阀为执行结构、水箱内液体重力为控制目标的试验方法,建立了水载荷控制模型。为提高试验控制系统的响应速度,设计了直接数字量控制算法并与经典PID控制算法进行了对比。仿真结果表明,该试验方法能够实现静力试验中极小载荷闭环控制,直接数字量控制算法优于经典PID控制算法。

State-of-the-art on the anchorage performance of rock bolts subjected to shear load

Rock bolts are extensively utilized in underground engineering as a means of offering support and stability to rock masses in tunnels,mines,and other underground structures.In environments of high ground stress,faults or weak zones can frequently arise in rock formations,presenting a significant challenge for engineering and potentially leading to underground engineering collapse.Rock bolts serve as a crucial structural element for the transmission of tensile stress and are capable of withstanding shear loads to prevent sliding of weak zones within rock mass.Therefore,a complete understanding of the behavior of rock bolts subjected to shear loads is essential.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the research progress of rock bolts subjected to shear load in three categories:experiment,numerical simulation,and analytical model.The review focuses on the research studies and developments in this area since the 1970s,providing a comprehensive overview of numerous factors that influence the anchorage performance of rock bolts.These factors include the diameter and angle of the rock bolt installation,rock strength,grouting material,bolt material,borehole diameter,rock bolt preload,normal stress,joint surface roughness and joint expansion angle.The paper reviews the improvement of mechanical parameter setting in numerical simulation of rock bolt shear.Furthermore,it delves into the optimization of the analytical model concerning rock bolt shear theory,approached from the perspectives of both Elastic foundation beam theory coupled with Elastoplasticity theory and Structural mechanic methods.The significance of this review lies in its ability to provide insights into the mechanical behavior of rock bolts.The paper also highlights the limitations of current research and guidelines for further research of rock bolts.

一种半潜式商用6 MW级风力机载荷数值模拟研究

针对海上漂浮式风力机在其运行状态下的叶轮气动载荷与平台运动状态难以预测的问题,本文以一种商用6 MW级漂浮式风力机为研究对象,基于非稳态的雷诺平均湍流模型,进行了全耦合数值模拟和水池模型试验研究。结果显示:浮式风力机自由衰减周期的模拟值在纵摇、横揺和垂荡上与实验值吻合度较高,而在纵荡、横荡和艏摇上,衰减周期的模拟值与实验值存在一定误差,这主要是由数值模型中对系泊系统进行悬链线简化时造成的。在静水工况下,风力机气动载荷的波动主要受塔影效应影响,机舱加速度的波动与叶轮推力系数变化呈正相关,浮式风力机纵荡和纵摇运动主要受叶轮气动载荷波动的影响;在规则波和非规则波工况下,叶轮推力的波动受浮式基础纵荡和纵摇的影响较大,叶轮推力系数变化和机舱速度呈负相关。浮式风力机的运动主要受波浪载荷的影响,气动载荷对其影响相对较小。

复杂地质条件下抗滑桩水平承载特性影响因素分析

抗滑桩是治理滑坡时经常采用的一种有效的边坡防护工程措施,其水平承载力是评价边坡加固效果的关键。为研究复杂地质条件下边坡抗滑桩的水平承载特性,以卡拉水电站上田镇滑坡体防护工程为例,采用现场试验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究边坡抗滑桩的水平承载特性。基于抗滑桩现场单桩水平静载试验,验证数值计算模型的准确性,在此基础上进行抗滑桩水平承载力影响因素分析。结果表明:前后排桩受水平承载力呈现不均匀性,在相同水平承载力作用下后排桩桩顶最大弯矩大于前排桩桩顶最大弯矩;不同桩布置对群桩水平承载特性影响较大,其中双排交错布置方式桩顶弯矩最小,单排交错次之,双排水平桩顶弯矩最大;相同水平荷载作用下,与1.2 m和1.3 m桩间距相比,1.4 m桩间距的群桩效应较为明显;桩入岩深度对群桩水平承载能力影响较小,只在土-岩体分层界面有明显差异。

曲线边壁竖缝式鱼道池室内部构造优化

为提高鱼道的过鱼效率,在曲线边壁竖缝式鱼道基础上增加内部构造,即在鱼道内壁和底板上布置辅助过鱼装置,组合而成6种不同布置方案,并对每种布置方案进行了相应的数值模拟和模型试验,探究不同布置方案的过鱼效果。结果表明:不同隔板组合的方案1、2、3的上溯成功率分别为36.7%、43.3%、73.3%,其中以中央贯通且尾部边壁只设一组隔板的方案3试验鱼上溯成功率最高;在方案3的基础上引入不同直径圆形柱组合形成方案4、5、6,其相应的上溯成功率分别为56.7%、73.3%、90.0%,其中以圆柱直径为池室入口宽度二分之一的方案6上溯成功率最高,可作为推荐方案,同时发现鱼类游动会大致沿主流进行逆流上溯,当水流形态呈现多股主流流径,流速梯度明显,主流流速衰减平缓合理,且水流回流区较少时,有利于提升鱼类的通过性能。研究结果可丰富了道设计理念和方法,为鱼道设计建造提高参考。