Choice of approach for hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma located in the caudate lobe:Isolated or combined lobectomy?

AIM:To investigate the significance of the surgical approaches in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) located in the caudate lobe with a multivariate regression analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model.METHODS:Thirty-six patients with HCC underwent caudate lobectomy at a single tertiary referral center between January 1995 and June 2010.In this series,left-sided,right-sided and bilateral approaches were used.The outcomes of patients who underwent isolated caudate lobectomy or caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy were compared.The survival curves of the isolated and combined resection groups were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by a log-rank test.RESULTS:Sixteen(44.4%) of 36 patients underwent isolated total or partial caudate lobectomy whereas 20(55.6%) received a total or partial caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy.The median diameter of the tumor was 6.7 cm(range,2.1-15.8 cm).Patients who underwent an isolated caudate lobectomy had significantly longer operative time(240 min vs 170 min),longer length of hospital stay(18 d vs 13 d) and more blood loss(780 mL vs 270 mL) than patients who underwent a combined caudate lobectomy(P < 0.05).There were no perioperative deaths in both groups of patients.The complication rate was higher in the patients who underwent an isolated caudate lobectomy than in those who underwent combined caudate lobectomy(31.3% vs 10.0%,P < 0.05).The 1-,3-and 5-year disease-free survival rates for the isolated caudate lobectomy and the combined caudate lobectomy groups were 54.5%,6.5% and 0% and 85.8%,37.6% and 0%,respectively(P < 0.05).The corresponding overall survival rates were 73.8%,18.5% and 0% and 93.1%,43.6% and 6.7%(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy is preferred because this approach is technically less demanding and offers an adequate surgical margin.

Chinese expert consensus on laparoscopic hepatic segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy navigated by augmented-and mixed-reality technology combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging

Augmented-and mixed-reality technologies have pioneered the realization of real-time fusion and interactive projection for laparoscopic surgeries.Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technology has enabled anatomical,functional,and radical hepatectomy through tumor identification and localization of target hepatic segments,driving a transformative shift in themanagement of hepatic surgical diseases,moving away from traditional,empirical diagnostic and treatment approaches toward digital,intelligent ones.The Hepatic Surgery Group of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,Digital Medicine Branch of the Chinese Medical Association,Digital Intelligent Surgery Committee of the Chinese Society of ResearchHospitals,and Liver Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized the relevant experts in China to formulate this consensus.This consensus provides a comprehensive outline of the principles,advantages,processes,and key considerations associated with the application of augmented reality and mixed-reality technology combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging technology for hepatic segmental and subsegmental resection.The purpose is to streamline and standardize the application of these technologies.

左侧卧位腹腔镜肝右叶部分切除术临床分析

目的探讨左侧卧位腹腔镜肝右叶各肝段部分切除的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析右江民族医学院附属医院百东院区2022年5月至2023年4月期间39例行左侧卧位腹腔镜肝右叶部分切除术的病例资料。结果39例中有腹部手术史者13例;肿瘤1个34例,肿瘤2个3例,肿瘤3个2例,肿瘤最大径37.0(24.0,58.0)mm。其中行非解剖性肝切除20例,解剖性肝切除19例;单一肝段切除术28例,两部位肝部分切除术10例,三部位肝部分切除术1例;联合腹腔镜胆囊切除24例;无血流阻断9例,行Pringle法血流阻断30例。平均手术时间(143.5±56.8)min;中位术中出血量100.0(50.0,300.0)mL,4例术中输血(合计29.50 U),无中转开腹。35例放置引流管,引流管留置时间(6.3±3.7)d;术后平均住院时间(10.1±4.0)d,住院总费用(41121.8±18978.3)元。术后23例患者出现少量胸腔积液;1例患者并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)及肝功能不全,经ICU复苏治愈;1例出现少量气胸;无感染、出血、胆漏等并发症发生;无非计划性再次手术发生。所有患者均通过门诊或电话的方式获得随访,所有病例近期无复发。结论左侧卧位行腹腔镜肝右叶部分切除术操作简单,暴露好,手术时间相对较短,出血少。

基于Freesurfer自动分割技术评估不同类型颞叶癫痫患者大脑皮层厚度的改变

目的探讨Freesurfer自动分割技术评估成人颞叶癫痫(TLE)大脑皮层厚度的变化。资料与方法回顾性收集2021年1月—2023年9月宁夏医科大学总医院经临床表现和脑电图共同确诊的84例TLE,包括MRI阴性TLE 32例、左侧海马硬化30例、右侧海马硬化22例,招募50例健康志愿者作为对照组,均行轴位T1WI三维磁化强度预备梯度回波序列扫描。使用Freesurfer软件对T1WI图像行大脑皮层分割,比较不同类型TLE患者各皮层厚度的差异。结果MRI阴性TLE组与对照组比较有14个区域皮层厚度均减小,主要集中在双侧额叶和右侧顶叶,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);左侧海马硬化组与对照组比较有34个区域皮层厚度均减小,主要集中在双侧额叶、颞叶及顶叶,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);右侧海马硬化组与对照组比较有27个区域皮层厚度均减小,主要集中在双侧额叶、顶叶及右侧颞叶,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论自动分割技术可评价不同类型TLE患者大脑不同皮层区域厚度的变化,有助于临床进一步了解TLE的发展,为完善治疗方法或术前评估提供参考。

自动分割海马亚区感兴趣区与3D-pCASL融合测量脑血流量一致性及可重复性

目的评价颞叶内侧癫痫伴海马硬化患者MRI影像研究中自动分割海马亚区感兴趣区(ROI)与动脉自旋标记(ASL)功能像融合测量脑血流量(CBF)的一致性及可重复性。资料与方法回顾性收集2021年1月—2022年10月宁夏医科大学总医院经MRI诊断或病理证实为海马硬化的52例颞叶内侧癫痫,患者均在3.0T MRI上采用轴位T1加权三维磁化强度预备梯度回波(3D-T1WI-MPRAGE)序列及三维伪连续式ASL序列进行扫描。对3D-T1WI-MPRAGE图像进行自动分割海马亚区,由2名医师进行海马亚区ROI与ASL功能图像融合并测量CBF值,分析测量者内、测量者间的一致性与可重复性。结果2名医师测得CBF值ICC均>0.750,平均为0.868±0.095,左、右侧海马各亚区ICC分别为:下托:0.818/0.801、海马角(CA)1:0.920/0.907、CA2~3:0.759/0.978、CA4:0.757/0.758、齿状回:0.990/0.991;同一名医师ROI勾画的ICC均>0.990,平均为0.994±0.002,左、右侧海马各亚区ICC分别为:下托:0.993/0.993、CA1:0.996/0.995、CA2~3:0.989/0.994、CA4:0.992/0.995、齿状回:0.993/0.996。BlandAltman图可直观展示散点分布和一致性,获取重复性系数。同一观察者对自动分割ROI与ASL功能像融合测量具有一定可重复性。结论基于自动分割海马亚区ROI与ASL功能像融合测量的CBF值具备较高的一致性及可重复性。

磁共振薄层扫描结合人工智能脑结构分割技术分析海马体积辅助诊断脑小血管病认知功能障碍

目的分析磁共振薄层扫描结合人工智能脑结构分割技术分析海马体积辅助诊断脑小血管病认知功能障碍的应用价值。方法选择确诊为脑小血管病患者84例,入院采用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)分为认知功能障碍组39例和正常组45例。采用1.43T磁共振薄层扫描结合人工智能脑结构分割技术分析内侧颞叶区和海马的体积绝对值及百分比。结果认知功能障碍组年龄大于正常组(t=8.63,P<0.05),内侧颞叶区和海马的体积绝对值及百分比明显低于正常组(t分别=5.86、5.00、6.03、9.63,P均<0.05),而内侧颞叶萎缩视觉(MTA)评分明显高于正常组(t=-4.75,P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,内侧颞叶区和海马的体积绝对值及百分比与MTA评分呈负相关(r分别=-0.46、-0.50、-0.60、-0.63,P均<0.05),与MMSE评分呈正相关(r分别=0.41、0.49、0.57、0.60,P均<0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)显示,海马体积百分比预测认知功能障碍的曲线下面积为0.88,95%CI 0.82~0.90,最佳临界值为0.31%,即海马体积百分比<0.31%诊断认知功能障碍的灵敏度为80.53%,特异度为85.62%。结论磁共振薄层扫描结合人工智能脑结构分割技术能够精准定位脑功能亚区,通过准确测量海马体积能够辅助诊断脑小血管病的认知功能障碍,海马体积百分比<0.31%有较好的诊断性能。

超声引导下肝切除术、精准区段肝蒂肝切除术对肝胆管结石患者机体炎症反应的影响

目的对比超声引导下肝切除术、精准区段肝蒂肝切除术治疗肝胆管结石(HC)患者的效果及对患者机体炎症反应的影响。方法回顾性收集2021年1月至2023年6月郑州大学附属郑州中心医院90例HC患者的病例资料,按手术方案不同分两组。以接受精准区段肝蒂肝切除术治疗的45例患者列为A组,以接受超声引导下肝切除术治疗的45例患者列为B组。对比两组围手术期指标、术前、术后14 d肝功能指标[碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)]、免疫功能指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、炎症指标[白三烯B4(LTB4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)]水平、结石残留率、并发症发生率。结果A组术后肝断面引流量、术中失血量相较于B组更低(P<0.05),两组排气时间、手术用时相比差异无统计意义(P>0.05);A组术后14 d血清ALP、ALT、TBIL、AST水平相较于B组更低(P<0.05);A组术后14 d CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平相较于B组更高(P<0.05);A组术后14 d血清LTB4、TNF-α、IL-6水平相较于B组更低(P<0.05);A组结石残留率、并发症总发生率6.67%(3/45)、4.44%(2/45)相较于B组28.89%(13/45)、22.22%(10/45)更低(P<0.05)。结论相较于超声引导下肝切除术治疗,通过精准区段肝蒂肝切除术治疗不仅能进一步降低术后肝断面引流量、术中失血量,缓解机体炎症反应,提升免疫功能,改善肝功能,同时还可进一步降低结石残留率及并发症发生率。

Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of caudate lobe hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To evaluate the short-and long-term outcomes of liver resection for caudate lobe hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 114 consecutive patients with HCC,originating from the caudate lobe,who underwent resection between January 2001 and January 2007.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on several clinicopathologic variables to determine the factors affecting long-term outcome and intrahepatic recurrence.RESULTS:Overall mortality and morbidity were 0% and 18%,respectively.After a median follow-up of 31 mo (interquartile range,11-66 mo),tumor recurrence had occurred in 76 patients (66.7%).The 1-,3-,and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 65.7%,38.1%,and 18.4%,respectively.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 76.1%,54.7%,and 31.8%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that subsegmental location of the tumor (45.7% vs 16.2%,P=0.01),liver cirrhosis (12.3% vs 47.9%,P=0.03),surgical margin (18.5% vs 54.6%,P=0.04),vascular invasion (37.9% vs 23.2%,P=0.04) and extended caudate resection (42.1% vs 15.4%,P=0.04) were related to poorer long-term survival.Multivariate analysis showed that only subsegmental location of the tumor,liver cirrhosis and surgical margin were significant independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION:Hepatectomy was an effective treatment for HCC in the caudate lobe.The subsegmental location of the tumor,liver cirrhosis and surgical margin affected long-term survival.

Central hepatectomy for centrally located malignant liver tumors: A systematic review

AIM: To study whether central hepatectomy(CH) canachieve similar overall patient survival and disease-freesurvival rates as conventional major hepatectomies ornot.METHODS: A systematic literature search was per-formed in MEDLINE for articles published from January1983 to June 2013 to evaluate the evidence for andagainst CH in the management of central hepatic malig-nancies and to compare the perioperative variables andoutcomes of CH to lobar/extended hemihepatectomy. RESULTS: A total of 895 patients were included from21 relevant studies. Most of these patients who un-derwent CH were a sub-cohort of larger liver resectionstudies. Only 4 studies directly compared Central vshemi-/extended hepatectomies. The range of opera-tive time for CH was reported to be 115 to 627 min andPringle's maneuver was used for vascular control in themajority of studies. The mean intraoperative blood lossduring CH ranged from 380 to 2450 mL. The reportedmorbidity rates ranged from 5.1% to 61.1%, the most common surgical complication was bile leakage and the most common cause of mortality was liver failure. Mor-tality ranged from 0.0% to 7.1% with an overall mor-tality of 2.3% following CH. The 1-year overall survival(OS) for patients underwent CH for hepatocellular car-cinoma ranged from 67% to 94%; with the 3-year and 5-year OS having a reported range of 44% to 66.8%, and 31.7% to 66.8% respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on current literature, CH is a promising option for anatomical parenchymal-preserv-ing procedure in patients with centrally located liver malignancies; it appears to be safe and comparable in both perioperative, early and long term outcomes when compared to patients undergoing hemi-/extended hepatectomy. More prospective studies are awaited to further define its role.

Resection of hepatic caudate lobe hemangioma:experience with 11 patients

BACKGROUND: Caudate lobectomy is now considered to be the most appropriate surgical treatment for benign tumors in the caudate lobe. But how to resect the caudate lobe safely is a major challenge to current liver surgery and requires further study. This research aimed to analyze the perioperative factors and explore the surgical technique associated with liver resection in hepatic caudate lobe hemangioma. METHODS: Eleven consecutive patients with symptomatic hepatic hemangiomas undergoing caudate lobectomy from November 1990 to August 2009 at our hospital were investigated retrospectively. All patients were followed up to the present. RESULTS: In this series, 9 were subjected to isolated caudate lobectomy and 2 to additional caudate lobectomy (in addition to left lobe and right lobe resection, respectively). The average maximum diameter of tumors was 9.65+/-4.11 cm. The average operative time was 232.73+/-72.16 minutes. Five of the 11 patients required transfusion of blood or blood products during surgery. Ascites occurred in I patient, pleural effusion in the perioperative period in 1, and multiple organ failure in 1 on the 6th day after operation as a result of massive intraoperative blood loss, who had received multiple transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization preoperatively. The alternating left-right-left approach produced the best results for caudate lobe surgery in most of our cases. All patients who recovered from the operation are living well and asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: For large hemangioma of the caudate lobe, surgery is only recommended for symptomatic cases. Caudate lobectomy of hepatic hemangioma can be performed safely, provided it is carried out with optimized perioperative management and innovative surgical technique.

Left jackknife position:a novel position for laparoscopic hepatectomy

Background: Laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) located in segment Ⅵ, Ⅶ, or Ⅷ of the liver is usually difficult because of poor operative exposure, due to the unique anatomical structure. In this study, we evaluated the practice of laparoscopic hepatectomy with the left jackknife position for patients with HCC located in segment Ⅵ, Ⅶ, or Ⅷ.Methods: A total of 10 patients were enrolled to undergo laparoscopic hepatectomy with the left jackknife position.Tumors located in segment Ⅵ, Ⅶ, or Ⅷ were assessed by preoperative dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative fasting time, postoperative drainage time, major postoperative complications, and duration of postoperative hospital stay were recorded.Results: All surgeries were successfully completed. None of the patients required conversion to open surgery during the procedure, and no serious postoperative complications were observed.The median tumor size was 31 mm(range 23-41 mm) in diameter, the mean operation time was 166 ± 38 min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was220 ± 135 mL, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days(range 2-7 days).Conclusions: For HCC located in segment Ⅵ, Ⅶ, or Ⅷ, laparoscopic hepatectomy with this novel position—the left jackknife position—is safe and effective during tumor resection by exposing a sufficient operating field.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID:

Successful robotic radical resection of hepatic echinococcosis located in posterosuperior liver segments

BACKGROUND Radical resection is an important treatment method for hepatic echinococcosis.The posterosuperior segments of the liver remain the most challenging region for laparoscopic or robotic hepatectomy.AIM To demonstrate the safety and preliminary experience of robotic radical resection of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in posterosuperior liver segments.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 5 patients with a median age of 37 years(21-56 years)with cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in difficult liver lesions admitted to two centers from September to December 2019.The surgical methods included total pericystectomy,segmental hepatectomy,or hemihepatectomy.RESULTS Among the 5 patients,4 presented with cystic echinococcosis and 1 presented with alveolar echinococcosis,all of whom underwent robotic radical operation successfully without conversion to laparotomy.Total caudate lobectomy was performed in 2 cases,hepatectomy of segment Ⅶ in 1 case,total pericystectomy of segment Ⅷ in 1 case,and right hemihepatectomy in 1 case.Operation time was 225 min(175-300 min);blood loss was 100 mL(50-600 mL);and postoperative hospital stay duration was 10 d(5-19 d).The Clavien-Dindo complication grade was Ⅰ in 4 cases and Ⅱ in 1 case.No recurrence of echinococcosis was found in any patient at the 3 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION Robotic radical surgery for cystic and selected alveolar echinococcosis in posterosuperior liver segments is safe and feasible.

Precautions in caudate lobe resection: Report of 11 cases

AIM： To find the precautions against the safety in caudate lobe resection. METHODS： The clinical data obtained from 11 cases of primary liver cancer in caudate lobe who received hepatectomy successfully were retrospectively analyzed. Four safe procedures were used in resection of primary liver cancer in caudate lobe： （1） selection of appropriate skin incision to obtain excellent exposure of operative field; （2） adequate mobilization of the liver to allow the liver to be displaced upwards to the left or to the right; （3） preparatory placement of tapes for total hepatic vascular exclusion, so that this procedure could be used to control the fatal bleeding of the liver when necessary; （4） selection of the ideal route for hepatectomy based on the condition of the tumor and the combined removal of multiple lobes if necessary. Among the 11 cases, simple occlusion of vessels of porta hepatis was used in caudate Iobectomy for 6 cases, while in the other cases, the vessels were intermittently occluded several times or total hepatic vascular isolation was used in the caudate Iobectomy. Combined partial right hepatectomy was done for 3 cases, combined left lateral Iobectomy for 2 cases and caudate Iobectomy alone for 6 cases. RESULTS： Operation was successful for all the 11 cases. Intermittent inflow occlusion was performed for all patients for 15 min at 5-min intervals. Blockade was performed twice in 3 patients and total hepatic vascular exclusion was performed in one of the three patients. Blockade was performed three times in one patient, including a total hepatic vascular exclusion. Total hepatic vascular exclusion was performed only in one patient. The mean blood loss was 300 mL. Ascites and pleural effusion occurred in 4 patients, jaundice in 1 patient. Six patients died of tumor recurrence in 6, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19 mo after operation, respectively. The other 5 patients have survived more than 16 mo since the operation. CONCLUSION： Caudate Iobectomy for liver cancer in candate lobe can be safely performed with the above procedures.

Measures for increasing the safety of donors in living donor liver transplantation using right lobe grafts

BACKGROUND: The safety of donors in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) should be the primary consideration. The aim of this study was to report our experience in increasing the safety of donors in LDLTs using right lobe grafts. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 37 living donors of right lobe grafts from January 2002 to March 2006. The measures for increasing the safety of donors in LDLT included carefully selected donors, preoperative evaluation by ultrasonography, angiography and computed tomography; and necessary intraoperative cholangiography and ultrasonography. Right lobe grafts were obtained using an ultrasonic dissector without inflow vascular occlusion on the right side of the middle hepatic vein. The standard liver volume and the ratio of left lobe volume to standard liver volume were calculated. RESULTS: There was no donor mortality in our group. Postoperative complications only included bile leakage (I donor), biliary stricture (1) and portal vein thrombosis (1). All donors recovered well and resumed their previous occupations. In recipients, complications included acute rejection (2 patients), hepatic artery thrombosis (1), bile leakage (1), intestinal bleeding (1), left subphrenic abscess (1) and pulmonary infection (1). The mortality rate of recipients was 5.4% (2/37); one recipient with pulmonary infection died from multiple organ failure and another from occurrence of primary disease. CONCLUSIONS: The first consideration in adult-to-adult LDLT is the safety of donors. The donation of a right lobe graft is safe for adults if the remnant hepatic vasculature and bile duct are ensured, and the volume-of the remnant liver exceeds 35% of the total liver volume.

Stepwise evaluation of liver sectors and liver segments by endoscopic ultrasound

The liver has eight segments, which are referred to by numbers or by names. The numbering of the segments is done in a counterclockwise manner with the liver being viewed from the inferior surface, starting from Segment Ⅰ(the caudate lobe). Standard anatomical description of the liver segments is available by computed tomographic scan and ultrasonography. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has been used for a detailed imaging of many intra-abdominal organs and for the assessment of intra-abdominal vasculature. A stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS has not been described. In this article, we have described a stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS. This information can be useful for planning successful radical surgeries, preparing for biopsy, portal vein embolization, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, tumour resection or partial hepatectomy, and for planning EUS guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

基于U-Net实现CT图像上肝段自动分割和术前评估的初步研究

目的:评估基于U形全卷积神经网络(U-Net)对CT图像上Couinaud法肝段的自动分割及体积测量的准确性,探讨其用于半肝切除术剩余肝脏体积百分比(FLR%)评估的可行性。方法:回顾性收集医学中心A的腹部CT增强扫描数据(共170例)用于肝段分割模型的建立,先分割肝脏轮廓,再训练自动分割肝段的模型,最终获得各肝段体积。将放射科医生标注的肝段数据作为金标准。采用医学中心B的CT数据(50例)作为外部验证集,以平均Dice相似性系数(DSC)评价模型效能,分析比较模型与医师在肝段分割、体积测量、FLR%评估上的差异。结果:医学中心A所有数据随机分为训练集(132例)、调优集(19例)、测试集(19例)。外部验证集平均DSC值为(0.92±0.00),肝段平均体积最小为Ⅰ段[(37.59±1.26) mL],最大为Ⅷ段[(241.76±6.07) mL]。模型与手工标注FLR%评估结果一致性高(95%一致范围为0.9768~0.9906),在手术可行性预测上差异无统计学意义(P=0.25)。结论:基于U-Net的Couinaud’s肝段自动分割、体积测量并评估半肝切除术FLR%具有可行性。

SyMRI定量技术在海马硬化型颞叶内侧癫痫中的应用

目的探讨集成磁共振成像(SyMRI)技术在颞叶内侧癫痫伴海马硬化(HS)中各亚区的定量研究价值。资料与方法前瞻性纳入2021年1月—2023年1月宁夏医科大学总医院经MRI诊断或病理证实为单侧HS的患者(病例组)28例,并纳入同期健康志愿者(对照组)38例。两组对象均于3.0T MRI行T1加权等体素三维磁化强度预备梯度回波序列及集成MRI序列扫描。扫描图像分别经freesurfer V7、SyMRI StandAlone 8.0.4后处理得到海马及其亚区的感兴趣区及T1、T2、质子密度(PD)定量图,二者融合得到T1、T2、PD值。比较HS患侧组、健侧组及对照组各项参数值并进行多重比较。对组间差异有统计学意义的参数采用逐步回归分析筛选出显著性变量,并采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积评价其诊断效能。结果3组间下托(SUB)的T1和PD值差异无统计学意义(F=1.819、0.570,P均>0.05),其余亚区各参数差异均有统计学意义(F/H=5.539~71.570,P均<0.05)。组间两两比较显示,患侧组CA1、CA3、CA4、齿状回的T2、T1值均高于健侧组及对照组,PD值高于对照组,患侧组SUB的T2值高于对照组,患侧组CA3的PD值高于健侧组(P均<0.05)。逐步回归法显示CA1、CA3、SUB的T2值为显著性变量(模型调整后R2=0.828,F=105.089,P<0.001,方差扩大因子=2.693、2.113、1.721)。CA1、CA3区T2值的曲线下面积最大,均为0.972,截断值、敏感度、特异度分别为101.42 ms、92.86%、100%,95.56 ms、92.86%、92.11%。结论SyMRI对颞叶内侧癫痫伴HS海马亚区组织弛豫时间的定量测量可为临床提供更加精准的影像学参考依据,尤其是CA1、CA3区T2值可有效提高HS的诊断效能。

三维伪连续式动脉自旋标记成像联合自动分割技术在海马硬化型颞叶内侧癫痫中的应用

目的研究三维伪连续式动脉自旋标记成像(three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling,3D-pCASL)联合海马自动分割技术在海马硬化型颞叶内侧癫痫(hippocampal sclerotic medial temporal lobe epilepsy,MTLE-HS)中的应用价值。材料与方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月经术后病理或MRI诊断为海马硬化(hippocampal sclerosis,HS)的40例单侧MTLE-HS患者病例,招募性别、年龄相匹配的30例健康志愿者作为对照组,均在3.0 T磁共振仪上行轴位T1加权三维磁化强度预备梯度回波(T1WI three dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence,3D-T1WI-MPRAGE)序列及3D-pCASL序列扫描。使用FreeSurfer软件对3D-T1WI-MPRAGE图像行海马亚区分割,通过将分割的海马亚区与灌注定量图融合的方法,进行配准后测量亚区脑血流量(cerebral blood flow,CBF)。采用配对t检验比较对照组左、右两侧、MTLE-HS组患侧与对侧之间海马亚区CBF值的差异性;采用独立样本t检验分别比较对照组与MTLE-HS组患侧、对照组与MTLE-HS组对侧之间海马亚区CBF值的差异性。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评价各亚区CBF值检测MTLE-HS的诊断效能。结果对照组左、右两侧海马各亚区CA1、CA2-3、CA4、齿状回颗粒细胞层(granular cell layer of dentate gyrus,GC-DG)的CBF值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MTLE-HS组患侧CA1区与对侧相应亚区CBF值差异无统计学意义(t=1.075,P=0.289),其余亚区有显著性差异(P均<0.001);MTLE-HS组患侧、对侧分别与对照组比较,海马各亚区CBF值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示海马CA1、CA2-3、CA4、GC-DG亚区CBF值诊断MTLE-HS的AUC分别为0.746、0.831、0.837、0.830。结论针对局灶性颞叶内侧癫痫患者测量海马亚区的血流灌注对术前准确定位致痫灶及其影响区域有一定的意义,为术前了解MTLE-HS亚区的血流灌注变化提供了影像学依据。

基于三维可视化技术的右半肝门静脉3D分型及分段

目的采用三维可视化技术研究右半肝门静脉系统的解剖,为计算机辅助个体化肝脏分段和解剖性肝切除提供形态学依据。方法运用腹部医学图像三维可视化软件MI-3DVS对83例肝脏CT数据的肝静脉和门静脉分割重建,对门静脉右支的数量、走向和分布规律进行三维观察、测量和统计分析,建立门静脉右支的3D分型,并以此为依据进行个体化肝脏分段。结果重建后的门静脉模型可显示门静脉4级分支,门静脉右支三级分支基本分为P5、P6、P7、P8四大分支,根据其三级分支的三维分布,将P5、P6、P7、P8分为以下3D分型。P5可分为5型,A型有16例(19.3%),B型有5例(6%),C型有30例(36.1%),D型有7例(8.5%),E型有25例(30.1%)。P8可分为4型,A型有29例(34.9%),B型有29例(34.9%),C型有10例(12.1%),D型有15例(18.1%)。P6可分为4型,A型有35例(42.2%),B型有12例(14.5%),C型有33例(39.7%),D型有3例(3.6%)。P7可分为6型,A型有27例(32.5%),B型有11例(13.3%),C型有27例(32.5%),D型有4例(4.8%),E型有12例(14.5%),F型有2例(2.4%)。以门静脉三级分支供血区域实现了个体化肝段划分。结论右半肝门静脉三级分支解剖结构复杂多变,熟悉正常人群右半肝门静脉3D分型,术前采用三维可视化技术对其解剖结构进行观察和个体化分段,对解剖性肝切除术的顺利实施具有指导意义。

尾状叶胆管结石的外科治疗

目的:总结尾状叶胆管结石的外科治疗经验,提高尾状叶胆管结石的诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年12月19例尾状叶胆管结石患者的一般资料、手术方式、术后并发症及随访情况。结果:19例患者男8例、女11例,既往共行30次胆道手术,其中12例1次、4例2次、2例3次、1例4次。术前均行B超、CT或MRCP、ERCP等检查证实尾状叶胆管结石。14例伴有尾状叶胆管开口狭窄。11例行尾状叶切除术,8例行尾状叶胆管开口扩张或切开整形+探查取石术,手术成功率100%,术后无结石残留。18例(94.7%)获随访,平均随访(17.6±2.3)个月,2例出现结石复发,优良率88.9%,其中行尾状叶切除术患者优良率达100%。结论:尾状叶胆管结石的处理相当复杂和困难,仅行胆管探查取石往往效果不佳,尾状叶切除术可达到清除病灶的目的,有良好的远期效果,但需要临床医师具备丰富的肝脏外科经验和娴熟的手术操作水平。