Research progress of local characteristic drugs for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Xinjiang

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis.This disease tends to recur,persist,and is difficult to cure.The pathogenesis of RA is complex.Currently,the commonly used treatments for RA—non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs),glucocorticoids,and immunosuppressants—have notable side effects with long-term use and may be ineffective for some patients.Therefore,it is crucial to find drugs with limited side effects and significant curative effects.Xinjiang's local characteristic drugs have a long history,abundant resources,and are known for their safety and effectiveness in treating RA.In recent years,many studies have reported on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of Xinjiang's local characteristic drugs on RA.This article reviews the pathogenesis of RA,as well as the research progress and treatment characteristics of Xinjiang-featured drugs.

Local dose-dense chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer via minimally invasive implantation of 3D printed devices

Dose-dense chemotherapy is the preferred first-line therapy for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis.This treatment uses the same drug doses as conventional chemotherapy but with shorter dosing intervals,allowing for promising clinical outcomes with intensive treatment.However,the frequent systemic administration used for this treatment results in systemic toxicity and low patient compliance,limiting therapeutic efficacy and clinical benefit.Here,we report local dose-dense chemotherapy to treat TNBC by implanting 3D printed devices with timeprogrammed pulsatile release profiles.The implantable device can control the time between drug releases based on its internal microstructure design,which can be used to control dose density.The device is made of biodegradable materials for clinical convenience and designed for minimally invasive implantation via a trocar.Dose density variation of local chemotherapy using programmable release enhances anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo.Under the same dose density conditions,device-based chemotherapy shows a higher anticancer effect and less toxic response than intratumoral injection.We demonstrate local chemotherapy utilizing the implantable device that simulates the drug dose,number of releases,and treatment duration of the dose-dense AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide)regimen preferred for TNBC treatment.Dose density modulation inhibits tumor growth,metastasis,and the expression of drug resistance-related proteins,including p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein.To the best of our knowledge,local dose-dense chemotherapy has not been reported,and our strategy can be expected to be utilized as a novel alternative to conventional therapies and improve anti-cancer efficiency.

Hydrogel-based contact lens achieve prolonged,local drug delivery to the eye

With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research group led by Prof.Jiang Gangbiao(蒋刚彪)at the Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering,College of Materials and Energy,South China Agricultural University,in collaboration with the research group led by Prof.Yuan

Follow-up Efficacy of Integrative Chinese and Western Drugs on Localized Scleroderma with Vitamine B 6 and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (血府逐瘀汤)

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of vitamine B 6 (Vit B 6) and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (血府逐瘀汤,XFZY, for activating blood circulation to remove stasis) in patients with localized scleroderma(LSD). Methods: Thirty-three patients were treated with XFZY and Vit B 6, with 15 cases taking orally prednisone acetate and 20 healthy volunteers as the control. Their level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the patients with LSD before and after treatment were observed. Results: The level of sIL-2R and TNF-α in the serum from the patients with LSD were higher than those of healthy volunteers ( P <0.01). After treatment with Vit B 6 and XFZY, the level of sIL-2R and TNF-α from the patients with LSD decreased significantly ( P <0.01), but there were no difference between the group taking Vit B 6 plus XFZY and the group given prednisone. Conclusion: The activating blood circulation to remove stasis approach in treating LSD with integrative Chinese and Western drugs got better results, and metabolic disorder of tryptophan might be correlated with the etiology of LSD.

鼻腔局部类固醇药物治疗慢性鼻窦炎息肉和变应性鼻炎患者的临床效果

目的:分析鼻腔局部应用类固醇类药物在治疗鼻窦炎息肉、变应性鼻炎方面的有效性与安全性情况,为临床提供参考。方法:选择2021年3月—2022年3月河南科技大学第二附属医院收治的145例变应性鼻炎和慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者作为研究对象。根据用药差异性划分为参照组与研究组。参照组予以安慰治疗,研究组予以鼻腔局部类固醇药物治疗。比较两组患者的治疗情况与使用安全性情况。结果:参照组采安慰剂治疗无法获得较好效果,仅可对患者的心理状态产生一定安慰作用。研究组各组患者治疗总有效率均明显高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=50.516、54.133、54.133、50.516,P<0.05)。研究组各组间治疗总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.352、0.000、0.352、0.352、0.000、0.352,P>0.05)。研究组各组患者的不良反应发生率均较低,但各组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.681、1.097、0.420、0.090、0.892、0.132,P>0.05)。结论:将鼻腔局部类固醇药物应用于慢性鼻窦炎息肉和变应性鼻炎患者的治疗工作当中,不仅可以有效提升治疗有效率,同时可以保证患者的用药安全性。

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong disability.Currently,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve regeneration.Tacrolimus accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve surgery.The authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug exposure.Tacrolimus is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 days.Size and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible byproducts.Tacrolimus released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic delivery.Given its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

2019—2021年皖南地区地方品种鸡源沙门菌的血清型鉴定、毒力基因和耐药性检测

为了分析皖南地区地方品种鸡(淮南麻黄鸡、淮北麻鸡、霍邱鸡和五华鸡)来源沙门菌的分布、毒力基因和耐药性情况,本试验于2019—2021年采集该地区地方品种鸡养殖场疑似沙门菌感染病死鸡的肝脏组织、肛拭子和死胚等病料组织456份,采用细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化试验和特异性invA基因的PCR检测进行沙门菌鉴定,采用Kauffmann-White法、PCR法和K-B纸片法分别检测分离菌株的血清型、毒力基因、耐药基因和耐药性。结果显示,共分离得到127株沙门菌,分属于13种血清型,其中以鸡白痢沙门菌、禽伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌为流行的优势血清型,分别占分离菌株的26.0%、20.5%和17.3%;127株沙门菌中携带的4种毒力基因(spvA、spvB、spvC和spvR)检出率介于7.1%~74.8%,携带的4种毒力岛基因(SPI-1 SPI-2、SPI-3和SPI-5)检出率介于38.6%~81.1%;127株沙门菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶等8种药物的耐药率介于56.7%~99.2%,以耐10(12.6%)、9(15.0%)和8(20.5%)种药物为主,耐药基因sul 1、sul 2、sul 3、tet(A)、tet(M)和tet(R)检出率介于32.3%~89.8%;经分析,地方品种鸡流行优势血清型与毒力基因和耐药基因均有一定的相关性。结果表明,从安徽省皖南地区4种地方品种鸡中分离的沙门菌具有多种血清型、携带多种毒力基因、耐药性严重,且携带多种耐药基因。

WTO药品报销“第一案”——“土耳其药品案”及其对中国的启示

2022年7月25日公布仲裁裁决的土耳其药品案,是DSU第25条上诉仲裁“第一案”,也是涉及药品报销制度的WTO“第一案”。该案专家组和上诉仲裁庭裁定土耳其政府报销私人药店所售药品不构成政府采购,本地化措施也不符合GATT1994第20条(b)项公共健康例外。上诉仲裁庭纠正了专家组的一项错误法律解释,尊重专家组的事实认定,但本案仍有许多法律解释和适用问题有待澄清和完善。土耳其药品案给中国带来如下启示:关注WTO规则对医疗体制改革的规制和影响;供应链韧性建设必须遵守WTO规则;可以合理利用WTO政府采购豁免确保国内供应链安全,但应避免设置超出豁免范围的歧视性附加条件。

经皮局部麻醉与透皮给药技术的研究进展

作为一种非侵入式给药方法,透皮给药可以克服传统注射给药引起的不适、经肝脏代谢的首过消除效应等弊端,具有方便、安全、无痛等优势。近年来,随着经皮渗透机制的深入研究以及透皮技术的更新迭代,各种经皮局部麻醉制剂与透皮给药方式层出不穷。本文主要概述经皮局部麻醉药物以及透皮给药技术的进步和新方法,展望未来的研究方向,为经皮局部麻醉领域的研究提供参考。

玫瑰痤疮的外用药物治疗进展

玫瑰痤疮是一种主要影响面部的慢性皮肤病,其特征是阵发性潮红或持续性红斑、丘疹、脓疱、面部肿胀和毛细血管扩张,最主要的临床症状是间歇性或持续性潮红发作。目前对其发病机制、诊断和治疗已有深入了解,但仍缺乏关于其临床评估和治疗管理的系统循证指南。玫瑰痤疮的治疗包括局部药物、系统药物、激光、注射等,其中外用药物是轻中度玫瑰痤疮的一线治疗选择,包括经批准的外用药以及未经批准的替代外用药物,血管舒缩性潮红和毛细血管扩张症的治疗仍是目前玫瑰痤疮局部治疗方面未满足的主要治疗需求。

中晚期肝癌肝动脉灌注化疗的研究进展

对于部分无法接受肝癌切除术的中晚期肝癌患者来讲,则需要采取如动脉灌注化疗、门静脉插管灌注化疗等姑息性外科手段治疗来抑制病情进展。如果患者肝功能尚可且无法进行切除,肝动脉灌注化疗(hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy,HAIC)则可成为重要治疗手段,其在使肿瘤缩小、坏死的同时又不会对周围健康细胞造成较大负面影响。随着医疗技术的发展进步,临床出现了越来越多的化疗药物。该选择哪种治疗药物,如何进行优化药物配伍方式来抑制肝癌进展,提升患者生存率及预后,成为临床关注的热点问题。文章在参考相关资料的基础上对中晚期肝癌HAIC展开总结分析,以供参考。

Distribution of C - myc Antisense Oligonucleotides in Rabbits after Local Delivery by Implanted Gelatin Coated Platinium - Iridium Stent

Objectives To assess thefeasibility, efficiency and tissue distribution of local delivered c - myc antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) by implanted gelatin coated Platinium - Iridium (Pt -Ir) stent. Methods Gelatin coated Pt - Ir stent which absorbed carboxyfluorescein - 5 - succimidyl ester (FAM) labeled c - myc ASODN were implanted in the right carotid arteries of 6 rabbits under vision. Blood samples were collected at the indicated times. The target artery, left carotid artery, heart , liver and kidney obtained at 45 minutes , 2 hours and 6 hours. The concentration of c - myc ASODN in plasma and tissues were determined by Thin Layer Fluorome-try. Tissue distribution of c - myc ASODN were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Results At 45 min, 2 h, 6 h, the concentration of FAM labeled c -myc ASODN in target artery was 244. 39, 194. 44, 126. 94(μg/g tissues) respectively, and the delivery efficiency were 44. 4% , 35. 4% and 23. 1% respectively. At the same indicated time point, the plasma concentration was 8. 41, 5. 83, 14. 75 (μg/ml) respectively. Therefore c - myc ASODN concentrations in the target vessel were 29, 33 and 9 -fold higher than that in the plasma. There was circumferential distribution of labeled c - myc in the area of highest fluorescein coinciding with the site of medial dissecting from stent-ing, and the label was most intense in target vessel media harvested at 45 min time point and then dispersed to adventitia. Conclusions Gelatin coated Pt - Ir stent mediated local delivery of c - myc ASODN is feasible and efficient. The localization of ASODN is mainly in target vessel wall.

不同地方品种鸡白痢阳性鸡沙门氏菌的分离及药敏试验

为了解广西六个地方品种鸡沙门氏菌的感染和耐药状况,从广西各地收集灵山麻鸡、广西三黄鸡、南丹瑶鸡、东兰乌鸡、容县霞烟鸡、天峨六画山鸡六个地方品种90份样品作为研究对象,每个品种选择15只临床表现健康的成年鸡进行鸡白痢血清学检测,再从检测为鸡白痢阳性鸡中随机抽取2只鸡进行剖检,采集病料分离沙门氏菌,并对分离菌株进行药物敏感试验。结果表明:检测六个地方品种90个样品,阳性样品22份,样品鸡白痢阳性率为24.44%,六个地方品种中广西三黄鸡个体阳性率最高,为46.67%;采集12个鸡白痢阳性鸡的病料,分离出4株沙门氏菌,鸡白痢阳性鸡沙门氏菌检出率为33.33%,检出率最高的鸡品种是广西三黄鸡为100%。4株分离菌药敏试验结果显示,4株分离菌均对头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星高度敏感,对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、四环素和新霉素具有不同程度耐药性。可见,被调查的广西六个地方品种源养殖场鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染依然存在且比较严重,而且分离菌对多种药物具有不同程度的耐药性,养殖户要根据实际加强鸡白痢净化工作,定期进行沙门氏菌的药敏性试验,选择高效敏感药物进行防控,以提高养殖效益。

《畜产品质量安全检测色谱分析方法验证规范》解析

结合实验室评审准则和相关国家标准、行业标准,以及农业农村部对畜产品质量安全检测实验室的具体要求,制定辽宁省地方标准《畜产品质量安全检测色谱分析方法验证规范》。该标准解决了畜产品药物残留检测新标准、新方法在实验室方法认证和扩参数中的实际问题,方便了新标准、新方法在检测实验室的落地实施,填补了国内畜产品检测领域缺少相关验证指南的空白。

超声电导仪经皮局部透药联合药物治疗复治肺结核的临床效果及疗效影响因素分析

目的:分析超声电导仪经皮局部透药联合药物治疗复治肺结核的临床效果及疗效影响因素。方法:选取医院收治的160例复发肺结核患者,依据治疗方法的不同将其分为观察组(120例)和对照组(40例),对照组给予常规抗结核药物治疗,观察组在接受常规抗结核药物治疗的同时给予超声电导仪经皮局部透药治疗。治疗3个月后评估两组患者疗效,观察并比较两组患者不良反应发生情况,应用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简化版(WHOQOL-BREF)评估两组患者生活质量;再将观察组120例患者依据治疗结局不同分为有效组和无效组,每组60例,比较不同疗效患者年龄、性别、临床症状、痰菌检查、痰菌分级等指标,采用多因素Logistic回归分析复治肺结核患者疗效不佳的影响因素。结果:观察组患者治疗总有效率为85.50%,明显高于对照组的67.50%,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.033,P<0.05)。观察组和对照组患者治疗后生理、心理、社会关系及生活环境领域评分水平明显高于同组治疗前(t对照组=12.735,t=13.565,t=12.040,t=6.435;t观察组=12.050,t=14.815,t=9.065,t=7.125;P<0.05);其中观察组治疗后生理、心理及社会关系评分水平均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.168,t=3.794,t=5.016;P<0.05),而治疗后生活环境领域评分比较,差异无统计学意义。观察组和对照组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义。观察组中的有效组患者年龄<60岁、临床症状<4种、无咳血或血痰、无空洞、无合并症、痰菌检查涂阴以及治疗后2个月末痰检阴性比例均明显高于无效组(x2=3.980,x2=7.031,x2=5.027,x2=3.922,x2=7.478,x2=6.554,x2=6.011;P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析中,年龄≥60岁、临床症状≥4种、咳血或血痰、空洞、合并症、痰菌涂阳以及2个月末痰检阳性均是复治肺结核患者疗效不佳的影响因素(OR=0.492,OR=0.426,OR=0.468,OR=0.416,OR=0.225,OR=0.395,OR=0.457;P<0.05)。结论:超声电导仪经皮局部透药联合药物治疗复治肺结核疗效较好,且具有良好安全性,有助于改善患者生活质量。年龄、临床症状、咳血或血痰、空洞、合并症、痰菌检查以及治疗后2个月末痰检等均是复治肺结核患者疗效的影响因素,早期评估影响因素可对评估患者预后、给予针对性治疗提供帮助。

创新社会治理视域下禁毒社会工作本土化实践与反思——以昆明市为例

禁毒社会工作是社会工作的一个全新领域,是禁毒工作的重要组成部分,是实现我国禁毒社会治理的重要方式。当前,昆明市禁毒社会工作本土化发展存在着如下问题:禁毒社会工作制度建设有待加强;禁毒社会工作专业化人才培养本土化进程亟须加速;社区戒毒康复的专业社会工作机构不足;本土化的禁毒社会工作理论研究相对滞后。这些问题在我国广大中西部地区具有一定普遍性。应当加强禁毒社会工作制度建设和禁毒社会工作者队伍建设,高等院校与地方政府部门应联合扶持禁毒社会工作服务机构,积极建构中国特色禁毒社会工作教育服务体系,以推进禁毒工作社会化,为禁毒社会工作的发展提供有力法治保障,推动我国禁毒社会工作本土化的持续发展。

全膝关节置换术中周围浸润麻醉药物配方的研究进展

全膝关节置换术是目前终末期膝骨关节炎最有效的治疗选择,但术后疼痛管理仍然是一个极具挑战性的问题。有效的围手术期镇痛有助于提升手术的临床效果和患者满意度。膝关节术中周围浸润麻醉(LIA)通过将药物混合制剂注射到关节腔周围达到缓解术后疼痛的目的。已有大量临床试验对LIA制剂中使用药物的有效性和安全性进行研究,但目前LIA制剂中部分药物的选择仍存在争议,药物组合的金标准也尚未建立,且用于LIA药物的外周药理学以及相互作用的最佳配方也有待未来进一步研究。

敏感触发点局部药物注射治疗盆底肌筋膜疼痛综合征的效果

目的:探讨敏感触发点局部药物注射治疗盆底肌筋膜疼痛综合征(MPPS)的效果。方法:选取2017年6月—2021年12月于浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院慢性疼痛门诊收治的MPPS患者80例作为观察对象,随机分为两组,各40例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组给予敏感触发点局部药物注射治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、整体印象改善评分(PGI-I),判定临床疗效,记录不良反应情况。结果:治疗后,两组VAS评分均低于治疗前,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组敏感触发点局部药物注射总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.035);治疗后,两组PGI-I评分均低于治疗前,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);两组治疗中均未发现治疗相关的严重不良反应。结论:敏感触发点局部药物注射治疗对于MPPS患者有一定疗效,且不良反应少。

马蔺子本草考证

目的:对马蔺子进行系统本草考证,为该药材质量标准的制订提供参考,也为进一步挖掘其新的药用功效提供线索。方法:查阅历代本草及中医典籍,比较马蔺子在16个地方标准中质量标准的差异,从其名称、产地、形态、药性及功用等方面进行本草考证。结果:马蔺子以“蠡实”之名始载于《神农本草经》,且别名众多,清代以后均以马蔺子作为药名;植物形态描述及绘图表明,马蔺子无混淆品,且与《中华本草》记述基本一致;古代本草记载产地以河北冀县最为道地,且清代以后全国各地均有出产;药性方面主要为性温、平,味甘,无毒,归肝、脾、胃、肺经,有清热利湿、解毒消肿、止血的功效。可治疗小便不利、寒痹湿滞、便血、寒疝、血崩、白带、痈肿等,其外敷还可治疗虫蛇咬伤。结论:通过对马蔺子进行本草考证,可为国家制定该药材的中药质量标准提供科学依据,为进一步开发其新功效提供重要参考。

局部载药系统促进骨折愈合的研究与应用

背景:由于骨骼独特的解剖生理特征,成骨药物严格的剂量依赖性,使骨折区域给药系统仍然受到限制。近年来,随着组织工程技术的发展、载药体系的精细化与可控化,使局部用药的研究成为热点。促骨折愈合局部载药系统可以负载多种促成骨因子,也可采用多种不同的生物化合物协同作用共同促进骨折愈合。目的:阐述局部递药系统促进骨折愈合的研究进展。方法:以“drug delivery,fracture”为英文检索词,“载药系统,骨折”为中文检索词,检索PubMed和中国知网数据库中1990年1月至2022年2月的相关文献,最终纳入130篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:用于局部递送药物的载体可分为三维多孔支架材料、水凝胶、纳米颗粒材料和微球,它们分别具有以下特性:良好的生物相容性和生物降解性、可控的粒径、高比表面积、易于制备等。载药体系可承载的促成骨成分有干细胞、生长因子、药物、小干扰RNA和微小RNA。骨折区局部输送药物系统具有剂量控制简单、无创给药、不良反应少的优点,使该项治疗方法促骨折愈合具有理想的治疗前景。