A local pseudo arc-length method for hyperbolic conservation laws

A local pseudo arc-length method（LPALM）for solving hyperbolic conservation laws is presented in this paper.The key idea of this method comes from the original arc-length method,through which the critical points are bypassed by transforming the computational space.The method is based on local changes of physical variables to choose the discontinuous stencil and introduce the pseudo arc-length parameter,and then transform the governing equations from physical space to arc-length space.In order to solve these equations in arc-length coordinate,it is necessary to combine the velocity of mesh points in the moving mesh method,and then convert the physical variable in arclength space back to physical space.Numerical examples have proved the effectiveness and generality of the new approach for linear equation,nonlinear equation and system of equations with discontinuous initial values.Non-oscillation solution can be obtained by adjusting the parameter and the mesh refinement number for problems containing both shock and rarefaction waves.

Discovering exact,gauge-invariant,local energy–momentum conservation laws for the electromagnetic gyrokinetic system by high-order field theory on heterogeneous manifolds

Gyrokinetic theory is arguably the most important tool for numerical studies of transport physics in magnetized plasmas.However,exact local energy–momentum conservation laws for the electromagnetic gyrokinetic system have not been found despite continuous effort.Without such local conservation laws,energy and momentum can be instantaneously transported across spacetime,which is unphysical and casts doubt on the validity of numerical simulations based on the gyrokinetic theory.The standard Noether procedure for deriving conservation laws from corresponding symmetries does not apply to gyrokinetic systems because the gyrocenters and electromagnetic field reside on different manifolds.To overcome this difficulty,we develop a high-order field theory on heterogeneous manifolds for classical particle-field systems and apply it to derive exact,local conservation laws,in particular the energy–momentum conservation laws,for the electromagnetic gyrokinetic system.A weak Euler–Lagrange(EL)equation is established to replace the standard EL equation for the particles.It is discovered that an induced weak EL current enters the local conservation laws,and it is the new physics captured by the high-order field theory on heterogeneous manifolds.A recently developed gauge-symmetrization method for high-order electromagnetic field theories using the electromagnetic displacement-potential tensor is applied to render the derived energy–momentum conservation laws electromagnetic gauge-invariant.

Order of Precedence Between Local Laws of Cities with Subordinate Districts and Regulations of Provincial Governments Clarifying Premises for Discussion Based on the Characteristics of Laws

The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(Legislation Law) has led to two divergent views. One holds that "the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence over the regulations of provincial governments," while the other supports the exact opposite. This is a value judgment issue in legislation. To reach a solution, we need to clarify the premises based on the characteristics of the laws in question so that a basic common ground can be established for discussion. The first premise for traditional legislation is that a law should be based on experience as well as logic; the second is that the experience of authority subjects, plus the three aspects of logic should outweigh the experience of social subjects, plus the three aspects of logic. With respect to postmodern legislation, the first premise is that experience should override logic, and the second is that the experience of the authority subject should take precedence over that of social subject, with no requirements for logical consistency. Since Legislation Law fal s into the category of postmodern legislation, according to the premises, the argument that the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence enjoys wider acceptance, but the view is logically challenged in terms of conceptual consistency, system consistency and principle consistency. More studies must be conducted to facilitate the discussion.

Fresnel Equations Derived Using a Non-Local Hidden-Variable Particle Theory

Problem: The Fresnel equations describe the proportions of reflected and transmitted light from a surface, and are conventionally derived from wave theory continuum mechanics. Particle-based derivations of the Fresnel equations appear not to exist. Approach: The objective of this work was to derive the basic optical laws from first principles from a particle basis. The particle model used was the Cordus theory, a type of non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) theory that predicts specific substructures to the photon and other particles. Findings: The theory explains the origin of the orthogonal electrostatic and magnetic fields, and re-derives the refraction and reflection laws including Snell’s law and critical angle, and the Fresnel equations for s and p-polarisation. These formulations are identical to those produced by electromagnetic wave theory. Contribution: The work provides a comprehensive derivation and physical explanation of the basic optical laws, which appears not to have previously been shown from a particle basis. Implications: The primary implications are for suggesting routes for the theoretical advancement of fundamental physics. The Cordus NLHV particle theory explains optical phenomena, yet it also explains other physical phenomena including some otherwise only accessible through quantum mechanics (such as the electron spin g-factor) and general relativity (including the Lorentz and relativistic Doppler). It also provides solutions for phenomena of unknown causation, such as asymmetrical baryogenesis, unification of the interactions, and reasons for nuclide stability/instability. Consequently, the implication is that NLHV theories have the potential to represent a deeper physics that may underpin and unify quantum mechanics, general relativity, and wave theory.

The Arc-Sine Laws for the Skew Brownian Motion and Their Interpretation

We consider the skew Brownian motion as a solution of some stochastic differential equation. We prove for the skew Brownian motion the analogues of the arc-sine laws for Wiener process. Unlike of existing results, we are forced to consider a stochastic differential equation with discontinuous diffusion coefficient. Possible interpretations of obtained results are suggested.

Strength evolution law of cracked rock based on localized progressive damage model

In the light of the localized progressive damage model,the evolution law of cohesive and frictional strength with irreversible strains was determined.Then,the location and the extent of the excavation disturbed zone in one deep rock engineering were predicted by using the strength evolution law.The theoretical result is close to the result of in-situ test.The strength evolution law excels the elastic-perfectly plastic model and elasto-brittle plastic model in which the cohesive and frictional strength are mobilized simultaneously.The results obtained indicate that the essential failure mechanism of the cracked rock can be described by the cohesion weakening and friction strengthening evolution law.

NEW CONSERVATION LAWS OF ENERGY AND C-D INEQUALITIES IN CONTINUA WITHOUT MICROSTRUCTURE

Fundamental laws and balance equations as well as C-D inequalities in continuum mechanics are carefully restudied, incompleteness of existing balance laws of angular momentum and conservation laws of energy as well as C-D inequalities are pointed out, and finally new and more general conservation laws of energy and corresponding balance equations of energy as well as C-D inequalities in local and nonlocal asymmetric continua are presented.

LOCAL STRUCTURE-PRESERVING ALGORITHMS FOR THE KLEIN-GORDON-ZAKHAROV EQUATION

In this paper, using the concatenating method, a series of local structure-preserving algorithms are obtained for the Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equation, including four multisymplectic algorithms, four local energy-preserving algorithms, four local momentumpreserving algorithms;of these, local energy-preserving and momentum-preserving algorithms have not been studied before. The local structure-preserving algorithms mentioned above are more widely used than the global structure-preserving algorithms, since local preservation algorithms can be preserved in any time and space domains, which overcomes the defect that global preservation algorithms are limited to boundary conditions. In particular, under appropriate boundary conditions, local preservation laws are global preservation laws.Numerical experiments conducted can support the theoretical analysis well.

台阶式沉井等效墩宽计算方法探究

桥梁工程中存在形状各异的桥墩,在研究不同截面桥墩的局部冲刷特性时,桥墩尺寸的定量描述非常重要。以台阶式沉井结构为研究对象,梳理并分析了国内外相关等效桥墩宽度计算方法,发现各类公式本质上为计算不同条件下的桥墩平均阻水宽度。开展了台阶式沉井局部冲刷试验研究,基于试验数据对比分析了各类等效墩宽计算方法的计算结果,发现Melville和Raudkivi的等效墩宽计算公式能够较好地估算考虑动床条件下台阶式沉井的平均阻水宽度;进一步收集了国内外193组台阶式沉井类结构的局部冲刷试验数据,数据集统计分析结果显示Melville和Randkivi的等效墩宽计算公式能够较为准确且保守地量化大多数台阶式沉井类结构的截面非均匀性;最后基于数据集冲深墩宽比统计结果对该公式近似方法的合理性进行了讨论。

地方法规范的“飞出”适用

国家通过行政区划制度实现了对国土空间的有效治理,但形成了行政壁垒和区域发展不平衡。“飞地经济”推动了国土动态空间的重构,需要具有竞争力的管理制度溢出和良法的“飞出”适用。在民商事领域,可以通过冲突法及法律选择制度解决地方法规范的跨界适用。地方行政法规范“飞出”适用的基本规则是“协议—批准”。基于公私法的划分、国家结构形式和地方治理制度,“协议—批准”的实现形式存在差异。在实行普通法制度的联邦制国家,联邦成员可以按民商事冲突法及其意思自治原则,约定其行政法规范的“飞出”适用。实行单一制的国家(联邦成员)除了个别共同法外,对地方行政法规范的“飞出”适用都实行批准制度,包括批准“准据法”、批准行政区划拟制和批准委托管辖制度。无论公私法是否存在分野,地方主体都可以协商约定“飞地经济”的行政管辖权,但自治地方具有更强的自主能力。在实行地方自治的情况下,约定“飞地经济”的行政管辖权多由本级或中央民意机关批准,有的甚至需要行政机关和民意机关的双重批准。行政管辖权是一种实施法律的公权力,它的溢出意味着地方法规范的“飞出”适用。

地方生态文明建设促进型立法研究——以陕西省生态文明促进条例立法为例

加快地方生态文明建设促进型立法不仅是贯彻落实党的二十大提出的“人与自然和谐共生中国式现代化”的需要,也是不断推进生态文明法律体制完善的重要举措。结合促进型法律具有内涵的特殊性和行为的鼓励、引导、激励性,手段的非强制性和责任规定不过于严厉等特点,地方生态文明建设促进型立法应坚持习近平生态文明思想和法治思想,强调政府责任和多元主体协调治理,注重制定引导激励措施,突出政府责任和社会资源整合的设定。在法律内容上主要包括总则性规定、政府责任、生态安全治理、激励与保障措施和法律责任五个方面。加快陕西省生态文明促进条例的制定与实施将会给陕西省的社会治理、经济发展、法治环境等各方面产生积极影响和显著的综合效益。

地方本科院校环境法课程教学改革与实践

地方本科院校聚焦于应用型人才培养,是地方人才培养的基础性力量,与地方经济社会发展联系密切。地方本科院校的环境法课程教学应从“立足地方、德才兼备”的法学应用型人才培养目标出发,践行“教什么”“怎么教”“教得怎么样”的教学路径,将饱含思政元素的优质本土资源运用到环境法课程教学中,同时采用启发式教学、混合式教学、研讨式教学等教学方法开展教学活动,以达到更好的“育人”效果。

新《职业教育法》实施背景下职业教育地方立法的问题反思与变革前瞻

新修订的《职业教育法》强调增强职业教育适应性,这要求地方结合实际修订或制定相关法律法规。当前,职业教育地方立法存在以下问题:一是地方立法章节不完善,内容偏少;二是地方立法内容与新《职业教育法》不一致;三是地方立法权限范围不清,立法变通权行使不足。对地方立法进行优化,可通过完善职业教育地方立法的基本结构,丰富地方立法内涵;修订职业教育地方性法规的基本内容,避免与上位法产生冲突;明确职业教育地方立法权限范围,民族自治地方、经济特区立法机关积极行使立法变通权,以适应新《职业教育法》的要求,推进职业教育地方立法的顺利实施。

地方立法统计分析报告:2023年度

贯彻落实新修改的立法法规定,2023年,各省(自治区、直辖市)人大及其常委会围绕中心、服务大局,制定地方性法规233件,修改324件,废止93件,批准设区的市新制定地方性法规665件,修改130件,废止51件。2023年度的地方立法工作坚持稳中求进总基调,牢牢把握提高立法质量这一关键,充分发挥地方立法的实施性、补充性、探索性功能,增强地方立法实效性,不断推进区域协同立法制度化、规范化,在优化营商环境、创新驱动、生态文明建设、基层社会治理、维护国家安全、完善人大制度等方面立法取得显著成绩。

法治化背景下档案法规体系建设研究

档案法规体系建设是切实推进依法行政、依法治档、档案治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要抓手。新《中华人民共和国档案法》颁布施行标志着档案法规体系建设开启了新征程。现有档案法规体系存在地方性档案法规滞后于时代发展需求、档案行政执法程序规定存在大量空白、档案法规与刑事立法衔接不畅的缺陷,亟须在习近平法治思想的科学指引下,修订老旧地方性档案法规、推进档案行政执法程序法治化、完善档案法规与刑事立法衔接。

地方法治督察的量化评估:功能异化与体系应对——以X区经验为例

自2019年全国开展法治督察工作以来,X区结合法治督察制度与量化评估方法,形成一种法治督察量化评估机制,其融合“定量分析”“定性评估”与“定期督察”的方法优势,在指标设计方式、评估主体的设定模式以及多元评估手段方面业已形成一套切实可行的试点经验。结合相关试点经验发现,地方法治督察量化评估的功能异化反映在地方政府督察的单方主导性、自上而下评估方式的局限以及评估内容的形式化倾向方面。然而,地方法治督察量化评估的真正功能,一方面,应聚焦于反映地方法治政府建设的实施问题,而非将结果作为衡量地方“法治GDP”的竞争性指标,直接同地方政府工作绩效关联;另一方面,要具备对地方法治建设的纠错功能,以便调整不同阶段的法治政府建设任务。据此,未来理应正确理解法治督察量化评估对地方法治状况的反馈作用,逐步剥离量化评估结果与业绩考核之间的利益关联。宜兼顾形式法治与实质法治之要求,保持法治督察量化评估结果的相对中立,反映法治督察的地方化元素。重视法治督察的公众参与,关注社会反馈效果。

含人工缺陷的2195-T8铝锂合金在30%HNO_(3)中的腐蚀行为

为研究2195-T8铝锂合金在酸性介质中的腐蚀性能,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)等微观表征手段,分析2195-T8铝锂合金在30%HNO_(3)中的腐蚀形貌。提出一种块分割和边缘检测相结合的图像处理方法,从统计的角度对2195-T8铝锂合金在30%HNO_(3)中的腐蚀规律进行分析。结果表明:合金在浸泡不同时长后出现了典型的点蚀和晶间腐蚀形貌;人工缺陷深度会加剧腐蚀的程度;在腐蚀的初期阶段,蚀坑的数量快速增长,蚀坑面积主要集中在0~20μm^(2)。而在腐蚀的中后期,蚀坑的数量及面积变化不大,只有少量的蚀坑可以继续扩展形成面积大于50μm^(2)的蚀坑。

《立法法》试点立法条款的分离设置及其权力逻辑

本轮《中华人民共和国立法法》修改过程中形成了一种统一规范试点立法条款的共识性建议,但最终并未被采纳,而是对有关制度采取了分离设置模式。盖因此种建议的强守法主义逻辑与立法内在要求相悖,其单向视角亦未能顾及央地关系的核心现实。试点立法分离设置设计体现出差异化的权力运行方式与制度目的:由中央主导的试点制度,授出专属事权以实现特殊法治状态;由地方负责的试点制度,创新规范形式以塑造特定法治区域。其差异背后仍呈现出一以贯之的立法权配置逻辑:明确中央专属立法事权以维护法制统一,根据距离专属事权远近分层次减少对其他事权规定限制以释放改革活力。

乡土文化资源在初中道德与法治课中的应用研究

乡土文化资源不仅是一种地域文化的载体和象征,更是一种世代相传的精神密码,具有独特的育人优势。我国教育部明确倡导要注重地方文化资源的挖掘与应用,充实教育教学内容,加深学生对乡土文化的认知,树立文化自信。基于此,文章主要对乡土文化资源的内涵、价值以及其在初中道德与法治课中的应用意义进行探讨,并以惠州市为例,从课堂教学运用、校外活动探究入手,提出了乡土文化资源与初中道德与法治课结合的有效路径。

《慈善法》施行以来地方慈善立法创新与启示--基于12部地方性慈善法规的分析

《慈善法》施行以来,地方慈善立法加快推进,成为我国慈善法律体系的重要组成部分。已颁布实施的地方性慈善法规将《慈善法》的一般规定与本地实际紧密结合,从慈善组织及公募资格退出、慈善组织认定激励、慈善项目评估、慈善服务协作、区域慈善合作、慈善组织社会监督等多个层面积极推进慈善制度创新,为其他地区的慈善立法和慈善改革创新工作提供了重要实践参考。