Modeling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Local Context for a Contextualized Diffusion of Agroecological Intensification Options in Niger

Spatio-temporal variability and dynamics in Sahelian agro-pastoral zones make each local situation a special case. These specificities must be considered to guide the dissemination of agricultural options with a view to sustainable development. The territorial scale of municipalities is not sufficient for this necessary contextualization;the scale of the “village terroir” seems to be a better option. This is the hypothesis we put forward in the framework of the Global Collaboration for Resilient Food Systems program (CRFS), i.e. local context is spatially defined by village terroir. The study is based on data collected through participatory mapping and surveys in “village terroirs” in three regions of Niger (Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri). Then the links between farm managers and their cultivated land, as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of local context are analyzed. This study provides evidence of the existence and functional usefulness of the village terroir for farmers, their land management and their activities. It demonstrates the usefulness of contextualizing agricultural options at this scale. Their analysis elucidates the links between “terroirs village” and the specific functioning of the agrosocio-ecosystems acting on each of them, thus laying the systemic and geographical foundations for a model of the spatio- temporal dynamics of “village terroirs”. This initial work has opened up new perspectives in modeling and sustainable development.

Rural-urban Migration, Rural Household Income and Local Geographical Contexts——A Case of Northwestern Guangxi, China

This paper aims to examine New Economics of Labor Migration (NELM) in the northwestern Guangxi, China and investigate the relationships among rural-urban migration, rural household income and local geographical contexts. Stratified sampling and typical case study were adopted and 236 questionnaires were collected from four vil- lages, Daxin, Lixin, Longhe and Yongchang. We analyzed the rural-urban migration rate, household income and local geographical factors, focusing on the ratio of remittance income to total household income. Data descriptions and sta- tistical methods, such as Pearson Chi-square test, Contingency coefficient, Eta, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, multiple comparisons (LSD test, Tamhane T2, Dunnett T3 and Dunnet C test) were used. The results are as follows. Rural households’ income is diversified in survey villages so the motivation of rural-urban migration in the study area can be partly explained by NELM. The migration rate of households (the percentage of households with migrants in survey households) in survey villages varies from 50% to 86%, while the proportion of remittance income to house- hold income is in the range of 30% to 80%. In the village of Yongchang, with the least average arable land area per household, the remittance income plays a vital role in household income (80%). And the statistical findings show that the proportion is significantly and negatively correlated with arable land area per household. The conclusion is that di- rect effect of migration, i.e., the contribution of remittance to household income, is negatively correlated with the con- tribution of resources to local income.

Chinese word segmentation with local and global context representation learning

A local and global context representation learning model for Chinese characters is designed and a Chinese word segmentation method based on character representations is proposed in this paper. First, the proposed Chinese character learning model uses the semanties of loeal context and global context to learn the representation of Chinese characters. Then, Chinese word segmentation model is built by a neural network, while the segmentation model is trained with the eharaeter representations as its input features. Finally, experimental results show that Chinese charaeter representations can effectively learn the semantic information. Characters with similar semantics cluster together in the visualize space. Moreover, the proposed Chinese word segmentation model also achieves a pretty good improvement on precision, recall and f-measure.

对抗性话语的底层概念及研究方法

国际地缘政治场域中错综复杂的矛盾与利益冲突已投射、产生一种新的频繁显现的话语方式——对抗性话语。本文从梳理哲学中的“矛盾”概念开始,然后系统讨论对抗性话语的界定特征及实证研究方法。研究揭示,毛泽东论述的对抗性矛盾是现今对抗性话语最重要和最直接的哲学概念基础,而维特根斯坦的语言游戏论可为对抗性话语研究提供分析工具。文章继而从话语动因、目标受众、话语方式与策略、评价标准等向度讨论话语对抗双方的攻防、博弈和较量特征。方法论上,本文主张采用基于语料库与人工智能技术相结合的路径,强调数据整体解释性与局部语境下意义识解的协同要义。

Facial expression recognition with contextualized histograms

A new algorithm taking the spatial context of local features into account by utilizing contextualized histograms was proposed to recognize facial expression. The contextualized histograms were extracted fromtwo widely used descriptors—the local binary pattern（ LBP） and weber local descriptor（ WLD）. The LBP and WLD feature histograms were extracted separately fromeach facial image,and contextualized histogram was generated as feature vectors to feed the classifier. In addition,the human face was divided into sub-blocks and each sub-block was assigned different weights by their different contributions to the intensity of facial expressions to improve the recognition rate. With the support vector machine（SVM） as classifier,the experimental results on the 2D texture images fromthe 3D-BU FE dataset indicated that contextualized histograms improved facial expression recognition performance when local features were employed.

唐山地方文脉资料建设研究

地方文脉是通过本地的经济、文化、政治等方面表现出来的地方文化精神。地方文献是本地的稀缺资源,梳理不同形式载体的地方文献可以传承地方文化精神,即地方文脉。结合省内和地方政策文件,通过文献调查法、实地调查法、案例分析法搜集并整理唐山市地方文献,根据唐山市的历史发展、文化发展、工业发展、自然环境等城市进化过程,对文献进行分类整理,通过旅游、影视、体育和数字人文技术开发利用地方文献,使其发挥最大的优势,传承地方文化精神,为唐山市社会经济发展服务,为学术科研和政府决策提供参考借鉴。

基于多尺度骨架图和局部视觉上下文融合的驾驶员行为识别方法

识别非驾驶行为是提高驾驶安全性的重要手段之一。目前基于骨架序列和图像的融合识别方法具有计算量大和特征融合困难的问题。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于多尺度骨架图和局部视觉上下文融合的驾驶员行为识别模型(skeleton-image based behavior recognition network,SIBBR-Net)。SIBBR-Net通过基于多尺度图的图卷积网络和基于局部视觉及注意力机制的卷积神经网络,充分提取运动和外观特征,较好地平衡了模型表征能力和计算量间的关系。基于手部运动的特征双向引导学习策略、自适应特征融合模块和静态特征空间上的辅助损失,使运动和外观特征间互相引导更新并实现自适应融合。最终在Drive&Act数据集进行算法测试,SIBBR-Net在动态标签和静态标签条件下的平均正确率分别为61.78%和80.42%,每秒浮点运算次数为25.92G,较最优方法降低了76.96%。

太平洋岛国本土智库的特色及发展趋势

[目的/意义]深入了解太平洋岛国本土智库,不仅有助于国内学术界更好地开展太平洋岛国研究,洞悉太平洋岛国的真实需求,而且有助于中国加强同太平洋岛国本土智库的合作,推动中国同太平洋岛国全面战略伙伴关系快速、深入发展。[方法/过程]以太平洋岛国本土智库的观点、发布的文件为研究对象,采用内容分析法和文本分析法,概述太平洋岛国本土智库,分析太平洋岛国本土智库的特色,并对其发展趋势做出重点研判。[结果/结论]研究发现,太平洋岛国本土智库独具特色,主张和平、发展与合作,拒绝地缘竞争,倡导构建和谐与稳定的地区秩序。在全球治理视域下,太平洋岛国本土智库聚焦气候变化、海洋治理等人类面临的共同紧迫问题,不仅提出了许多全球治理的新方案或路径,而且不断践行这些新方案或路径,为当今疲软的全球治理注入了新活力。

A Grammatical Approach of Multi-Localization of GUIs: Application to the Multi-Localization of the Checkers Game GUI

By proposing tools that help for the accomplishment of tasks in almost all sectors of activities, computer science has revolutionized the world in a general way. Nowadays, it addresses the peculiarities of peoples through their culture in order to produce increasingly easy-to-use software for end users: This is the aim of software localization. Localizing a software consists among other things, in adapting its GUI according to the end user culture. We propose in this paper a generic approach allowing accomplishing this adaptation, even for multi-user applications like gaming applications, collaborative editors, etc. Techniques of functional interpretations of abstracts structures parameterized by algebras, constitute the formal base of our approach.

基于全局与局部多尺度上下文的电表数据检测

电力系统中配电箱的电表数据检测为电力管理和安全运行提供了重要的数据支持。传统的人工电表数据读取方法效率低下且易出错,而现有深度学习方法因模型参数量大限制了模型的应用。针对上述问题,提出了一种轻量化鲁棒的实时电表检测方法。通过减少特征提取网络的层数和通道数,减少模型的参数量,实现网络的轻量化。在减少网络参数量的同时,为了保证网络的特征表达能力和拟合能力,引入全局上下文和局部多尺度上下文丰富目标特征表达。全局上下文关注电表数据在电表箱中的位置,局部多尺度上下文适应不同尺寸的电表数据。实验结果表明,所提网络在参数量更小的情况下,仍能获得比其他检测方法更高的准确率和更快的检测速度。

全局情境约束和局部多因素融合的对话情感识别

文本对话情感识别是自然语言处理领域中的一项重要研究任务,旨在自动识别对话文本各语句情感。然而,现有研究多侧重于对话语句的语义表征或对话人关系建模,忽略了对话交互过程中情感动态演变的影响因素。文章提出一种全局情境约束和局部多因素融合的对话文本情感识别方法,该模型不仅考虑了对话全局语义,还深入挖掘和建模了对话情感演变的多影响因素。在公开数据集上的实验结果表明该方法识别对话情感的有效性。

Impact of Hinterland Manufacturing on the Development of Container Ports: Evidence from the Pearl River Delta, China

Container ports and hinterland manufacturing are two important forces of the local participation in economic globalization.This study,taking the Pearl River Delta(PRD),China with an export-oriented economy as an example,applies Huff and panel regres-sion models to evaluate the impact of hinterland manufacturing on the development of container ports during the period of 1993–2019.The results show that 1)the spatial patterns of hinterlands for hub ports help to determine the distribution range and scale of economic variables that affect port throughput;2)the hinterland’s gross manufacturing output has universally positive influence on port through-put,wherein export-oriented processing and the entire manufacturing industry have significantly positive impact on port throughput in 1993–2011 and 2001–2019,respectively;3)the two internal structural factors related to an export-oriented economy,labor-intensive sectors and foreign-funded terminals,have positively moderate the direct influence of hinterland manufacturing on port throughput.Our results highlight the importance of local context in understanding port-manufacturing relationship in developing economies.Based on our findings,policy implications are further proposed to enhance port network organization in PRD.

危机中的设计:以世界大战背景下的意大利与中国的染织服装为例

基于全球地方史的视野,以服装设计为切入点,讨论战争对设计活动的影响。通过对比世界大战前意大利未来主义服装的兴起与中国的服装运动,探讨全球现代化进程中的民族国家如何应对外部刺激、处理自身关切的问题。将设计放到世界大战的普遍遭遇下,首先,建立意大利与中国的两组个案内在的历史逻辑关联;其次,分别展开阐述二者的服装设计生成过程;最后,发掘战争对设计的关键作用点,以丰富对危机时期的设计之理解。战争可被视作一种激进的现代化形态,讨论世界大战背景下的设计,本质上是在讨论全球化进程中,民族国家对重塑自身文化、维持自身独特性的强烈需求如何实现的问题,在服装设计领域,表现为民族意识的建构诉求,在迈向现代化的整体性历史逻辑下,地方的特殊性使得设计产生了截然不同的走向。

在地化劳动课程:内涵、价值与路径

在地化劳动课程是指以国家劳动文件课程为纲,通过在地化重构劳动课程愿景、丰富劳动课程内容和革新实施路径,将劳动课程同当地境脉相联结以培育学生劳动素养和地方认同的课程形态,具有境脉性、过程性和统整性特征。在地化劳动课程具有多种价值:弥合劳动文件课程与学生经验落差,实现有意义学习;归正劳动教育中的普遍知识与地方知识失衡,延传地方文化;融通学校教育与地方境脉失联,促进学校持续发展;联通劳动素养与地方认同疏离,塑造健全人格。以“培育全面发展的有根人”为逻辑起点,构建高质量在地化劳动课程要做到五点:融入地方诉求,重构在地化劳动课程愿景;整合地方知识,设计在地化劳动课程内容;联动地方力量,规划在地化劳动课程实施;融入地方境脉,拓展在地化劳动实践体验;面向地方境脉,培育教师在地化课程领导力。

录像民族志在人机交互研究中的可能与可为

民族志在人文社会科学,特别是人类学、社会学和传播学等领域得到了广泛应用。在过去半个世纪,民族志与人机交互研究在西方已经形成了丰富的交叉融合,产出了很多学科碰撞的研究成果,但遗憾的是,中文学界对于这一交叉领域的探讨和应用仍较为少见。鉴于此,本文旨在介绍基于常人方法学(ethnomethodology)的“录像民族志”在人机交互研究中的应用。本文通过回顾录像民族志在过去半个世纪以来人机交互研究中的经典案例,探讨了传统民族志与录像民族志之间的微妙差异与内在共性;同时,结合笔者自身在中国本土收集的人机交互素材,阐述了录像民族志为人机交互研究提供关于序列性、身体性和隐蔽劳动相关层面的独特分析思路和分析要点,并展望了录像民族志在我国本土人机交互研究中的可能与可为。

在地内生:地方情境下县域社会组织发展的内在逻辑——基于“结构-过程”的分析范式

宏观制度环境的调整推动全国各层级社会组织数量快速增长。但吊诡的是,大量县域社会组织悬浮于社会之上,陷入有数量增长无能力发展的内卷化困境。为此,构建聚焦于中观机制的“结构-过程”分析范式,通过扎根理论,将县域社会组织置于“一核多元”基层治理体系中,打开影响县域社会组织发展的地方情境黑箱,并借助定性比较分析,描绘地方情境下县域社会组织发展的行动路径。研究发现:地方情境下县域社会组织通过党政关联性机制、精英权威性机制、场景声誉性机制与情感联结性机制,嵌入党政权力与社会网络光谱中,推动了组织的在地化实践与内生性发展。相较于制度性发展的外在动力,在地内生的动力来源于特定治理情境的地方知识体系,能使组织与多元治理主体共享知识、价值与联系,从而实现县域社会组织与治理情境的调适性耦合,提高组织发展的韧性,激发社会活力。

基于局部全局上下文引导的方面级情感分析

情感分析是自然语言处理领域的重要方向之一,现有研究在探索方面词上下文对方面词情感极性的影响时仍存在句法信息捕捉困难、语义信息丢失、语义上下文缺失的问题。针对这些问题,提出一种新颖的结合局部全局上下文引导网络(LGCG)用于提升方面级情感分析的性能和表达能力。该方法首先通过构建文本的依赖句法分析树,为模型引入更多元化的信息特征;然后通过引入上下文聚焦机制将原始文本与依赖句法分析树的特征进行提炼,同时将提练后的局部特征向量与全局特征向量进行特征交互,有效保留方面词的上下文特征信息;最后使用特征聚合模块对局部全局特征进行聚合处理,提高了模型对方面词情感极性预测的准确度。在多个基准数据集上的实验结果表明,该模型相比于基线模型在准确率上分别提高了1.67%、1.67%、0.7%、0.16%,在F1值上分别提高了2.55%、2.03%、1.57%、2.08%。

项目教学:理论脉络、本土创新与进阶构想

项目教学倡导能力本位和以学生为中心是应用型本科人才培养的重要方法和有效载体。新工科、新文科建设背景下,应用型本科高校应把握新时代机遇,深化项目教学改革。为探究项目教学的发展历程和探寻项目教学改革的新方向,首先基于项目教学的内涵界定,梳理了项目教学的理论发展脉络;然后介绍了项目教学在中国本土一波三折的推介历程,并归纳整理了当前混合式项目教学、多主体协同式项目教学和理念植入式项目教学三类项目教学创新模式;进而结合应用型本科教育的实践,以南京工程学院为例,基于其项目教学1.0至3.0的迭代演进阶段分析,提出项目教学改革在专业范围方面“工文并举”、方法模式方面“多元融合”的进阶构想,以期为进一步推进应用型人才培养的高质量发展提供决策参考。

旅游情境下传统节庆的集体记忆与地方认同建构——基于“原真性”视角

传统节庆是中华优秀文化的重要组成部分,研究旅游情境下传统节庆如何通过唤起公众集体记忆进而影响地方认同建构,对于充分发挥传统节庆的社会功能具有十分重要的作用。文章以湖南省传统节庆大戊梁歌会为例,通过田野调查、半结构访谈、参与式观察,探讨原真性的视角下传统节庆集体记忆的建构及其特征,并在此基础上剖析集体记忆对地方认同建构的作用机制。研究表明:(1)原真性视角下集体记忆的建构遵循载体、主体、过程的分析框架,在客观主义原真性视角下传统节庆集体记忆载体呈现原本与展演共存的特点,在建构主义原真性视角下传统节庆集体记忆主体表现为官方与民间对文化意义的多元表达,在存在主义原真性视角下传统节庆集体记忆在主客互动中追求个体与社群的情感凝聚;(2)集体记忆通过代际传承影响内生地方认同,通过空间再生产塑造外生地方认同,通过主客互动形成内外共生的地方认同。研究结果丰富了影响地方认同的综合因素研究,发展了多元地方认同的内涵,厘清了集体记忆建构地方认同的作用机制,同时在实践上对充分发挥传统节庆作用,建设文化强国具有重要指导意义。

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE JORDANIAN CONTEXT:INFLUENCE ON OCCUPANTS’SATISFACTION

The applicability of building rating systems has gained attention for achieving indoor environmental quality.Considering the wider internationalized recognition of LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)and other rating systems,the case of Jordan provides a sense of particularity in consideration to its rather recent history in acknowledging these progressive standards.Utilizing a mixed approach based on paired comparisons between local LEED and non-LEED certified buildings,this research paper explores the level of satisfaction pertaining to Indoor Environmental Quality of building occupants.While it touches on the generality of such satisfaction,it proceeds to unpack and investigate how it resonates with the sustainability of the building measured through various means.The research outcomes reflected an overall appeal of LEED certified buildings and a decent level of comfort of their dwellers.Yet,it conveyed a vague,rather sporadic relation when comparing the subjective percep-tion to the objective measures due to multiple potential reasons.The paper concludes by stressing the need for further appropriation of international environmental codes to better suit the local context.It lays a reliable foundation for further research,uti-lizing more case studies and exploring the applicability of rating systems in Jordan.