A Local Region Molecular Dynamics Simulation Method for Nanoscale Sliding Contacts

Computational e ciency and accuracy always conflict with each other in molecular dynamics(MD) simulations. How to enhance the computational e ciency and keep accuracy at the same time is concerned by each corresponding researcher. However, most of the current studies focus on MD algorithms, and if the scale of MD model could be reduced, the algorithms would be more meaningful. A local region molecular dynamics(LRMD) simulation method which can meet these two factors concurrently in nanoscale sliding contacts is developed in this paper. Full MD simulation is used to simulate indentation process before sliding. A criterion called contribution of displacement is presented, which is used to determine the e ective local region in the MD model after indentation. By using the local region, nanoscale sliding contact between a rigid cylindrical tip and an elastic substrate is investigated. Two two?dimensional MD models are presented, and the friction forces from LRMD simulations agree well with that from full MD simulations, which testifies the e ectiveness of the LRMD simulation method for two?dimensional cases. A three?dimensional MD model for sliding contacts is developed then to show the validity of the LRMD simulation method further. Finally, a discussion is carried out by the principles of tribology. In the discussion, two two?dimensional full MD models are used to simulate the nanoscale sliding contact problems. The results indicate that original smaller model will induce higher equivalent scratching depth, and then results in higher friction forces, which will help to explain the mechanism how the LRMD simulation method works. This method can be used to reduce the scale of MD model in large scale simulations, and it will enhance the computational e ciency without losing accuracy during the simula?tion of nanoscale sliding contacts.

Women＇s Cooperatives Contributions to Local Region Economy： Seferihisar Agricultural Cooperative Development Model-Turkey

The cooperative movement has played a very important role in the social and economic development of all countries since 19th eentury＇s second half. Cooperatives provide health, housing, and banking services; they promote education and gender equality; they protect the environment and workers＇ rights. According to 2014＇s data, the total number of cooperatives is 79,486 in Turkey, while the total number of partners of cooperatives is approximately 7.8 million. The research＇s sample group ＂Hidirlik Agricultural Development Cooperative＂ was founded by the wife of the Seferihisar＇s mayor and six women. It has been a subject of curiousity that the contributions of the cooperative have developed the economy of the region since 2010. Therefore, various questions asked to the president and members of the cooperative, and significant results were obtained. In this research ＂Interview technique＂ was used. The fact that within the boundaries of local governments, the establishment of ＂women＇s cooperatives＂ and their active management can be supported with 10 basic criteria for the regional and national development can be predicted. These dimensions： ecological balance and sensitivity, the revival of the tourism sector, the mobility of logistics activities, new investments and increase of land value, the increase of women employment, the increase of healthy living standards, increase of competitiveness and trade earnings, the creation of new brands, widespread of the agricultural sector, and the increase of social and educational level of women. The similiar implementation of ＂Seferihisar Women＇s Cooperatives Model＂ in the research is considered form an important enterprenurship model not only in Turkey but also for all countries.

Combining local regional therapy and systemic therapy:Expected changes in the treatment landscape of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

Improvements in early screening,new diagnostic techniques,and surgical treatment have led to continuous downward trends in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)morbidity and mortality rates.However,high recurrence and refractory cancer after hepatectomy remain important factors affecting the long-term prognosis of HCC.The clinical characteristics and prognosis of recurrent HCC are heterogeneous,and guidelines on treatment strategies for recurrent HCC are lacking.Therapies such as surgical resection,radiofrequency ablation,and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization are effective for tumors confined to the liver,and targeted therapy is a very important treatment for unresectable recurrent HCC with systemic metastasis.With the deepening of the understanding of the immune microenvironment of HCC,blocking immune checkpoints to enhance the antitumor immune response has become a new direction for the treatment of HCC.In addition,improvements in the tumor immune microenvironment caused by local treatment may provide an opportunity to improve the therapeutic effect of HCC treatment.Ongoing and future clinical trial data of combined therapy may develop the new treatment scheme for recurrent HCC.This paper reviews the pattern of recurrent HCC and the characteristics of the immune microenvironment,demonstrates the basis for combining local treatment and systemic treatment,and reports current evidence to better understand current progress and future approaches in the treatment of recurrent HCC.

An Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on a Local Region Conditional Random Field Model

To reduce the computation cost of a combined probabilistic graphical model and a deep neural network in semantic segmentation, the local region condition random field (LRCRF) model is investigated which selectively applies the condition random field (CRF) to the most active region in the image. The full convolutional network structure is optimized with the ResNet-18 structure and dilated convolution to expand the receptive field. The tracking networks are also improved based on SiameseFC by considering the frame relations in consecutive-frame traffic scene maps. Moreover, the segmentation results of the greyscale input data sets are more stable and effective than using the RGB images for deep neural network feature extraction. The experimental results show that the proposed method takes advantage of the image features directly and achieves good real-time performance and high segmentation accuracy.

Standization Trends in Local Regions Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Utilizes Standardization to Promote Economic Development

In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.

基于Local特征和Regional特征的图像显著性检测

提出了一种基于颜色空间的Local特征和Regional特征的自然图像显著性检测方法.该方法将图像分成8×8的子块,计算多个尺度下每一个子块的Local特征和Regional特征,并将其加权组合来确定子块的显著程度,从而得到整个图像的显著特征.此外,通过计算4个颜色通道上的色度对比度,获得显著物体的边缘.将图像的显著特征与显著物体的边缘综合后得到图像中的显著目标.实验结果显示,本文提出的方法能够快速、清晰而准确地提取出图像中的显著性目标.

Residential environmental evaluation of local cities considering regional characteristic and personal residential preference—a case study of Saga City,Japan

Questionnaire surveys and subjective evaluations on residential environment were performed in order to grasp the main factors of residential environment of small local cities. The suitable evaluation index system was established, and the regional residential environment characteristics and personal residential preference types were analyzed, so that their influence on residential environment evaluation could be grasped. The results can be applied to the residential environment planning, construction and monitoring of local cities.

A Localization Algorithm Using a Mobile Anchor Node Based on Region Determination in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

At present, most underwater positioning algorithms improve the positioning accuracy by increasing the number of anchor nodes which resulting in the increasing energy consumption. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a localization algorithm assisted by mobile anchor node and based on region determination(LMRD), which not only improves the positioning accuracy of nodes positioning but also reduces the energy consumption. This algorithm is divided into two stages: region determination stage and location positioning stage. In the region determination stage, the target region is divided into several sub-regions by the region division strategy with the smallest overlap rate which can reduce the number of virtual anchor nodes and lock the target node to a sub-region, and then through the planning of mobile nodes to optimize the travel path, reduce the moving distance, and reduce system energy consumption. In the location positioning stage, the target node location can be calculated using the HILBERT path planning and trilateration. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the positioning accuracy when the energy consumption is reduced.

Regional difference and dynamic mechanism of locality of the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone based on geotagged photos from Panoramio

Cross-regional locality research reflects the influences of natural environment and the human activities due to the abundant land types and the multiple landscape combinations in related regions. The Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone is a typical large-scale region but few studies were conducted. This research contributed to the understanding of cross-regional locality of the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone from different scales, including national, sectional, and provincial administrative units by utilizing geotagged photos（GTPs） obtained from the Panoramio website. The major results were as follows：（1） the locality elements of the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone included 52 free nodes classified into 8 types of scene attributes;（2） there were huge differences between locality elements of different regions, and there was a negative correlation between the similarity degree of elements of different provinces and their spatial distances;（3） the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone could be divided into the northern, central and southern sections, whose localities had differences in element constitution, association structure and the strength of elements, system stability and the anti-interference capability; and（4） the evolution of the localities of the northern and central sections was mainly influenced by human activities, while the locality of southern section retained more natural features. On a theoretical level, this research aimed to establish the research methodology of locality from the perspective of open data on the web with strong operability and replicability. On a practical level, this research could enrich the structuring recognition of the locality of the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone and the comprehension of its dynamic mechanism. The results provide a reference for locality differentiation protection and the development of a cross-regional scale.

Adaptive integration of local region information to detect fine-scale brain activity patterns

With the rapid development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology, the spatial resolution of fMRI data is continuously growing. This pro- vides us the possibility to detect the fine-scale patterns of brain activities. The es- tablished univariate and multivariate methods to analyze fMRI data mostly focus on detecting the activation blobs without considering the distributed fine-scale pat- terns within the blobs. To improve the sensitivity of the activation detection, in this paper, multivariate statistical method and univariate statistical method are com- bined to discover the fine-grained activity patterns. For one voxel in the brain, a local homogenous region is constructed. Then, time courses from the local ho- mogenous region are integrated with multivariate statistical method. Univariate statistical method is finally used to construct the interests of statistic for that voxel. The approach has explicitly taken into account the structures of both activity pat- terns and existing noise of local brain regions. Therefore, it could highlight the fine-scale activity patterns of the local regions. Experiments with simulated and real fMRI data demonstrate that the proposed method dramatically increases the sensitivity of detection of fine-scale brain activity patterns which contain the subtle information about experimental conditions.

Study on Dominant Expression of Regional Culture of the Qinling Mountains in Local Residential Buildings

Regional culture of the Qinling Mountains shows distinct features since it was born in the local outstanding ecological environment, study on local architecture is significant for the dominant expression of regional culture, protection of local environment, and echoing with the theme of ecological civilization construction. This paper, on the basis of the mutual infl uence and evolution of regional culture and style of local residential buildings, explored the reasons for the weakening of local architectural style, and specified the signifi cance of promoting local style of the living environment. By studying the infl uence of local natural environment and humanistic environment on architectural style along the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, the paper explored the expression of regional culture in residential buildings, with Xian Garden(Xi'an Yuanzi) as an example, and aimed at giving useful help to the dominant expression of regional culture in modern residential buildings.

Brain Localization and the Integrated Systems Hypothesis: Evidence from Broca’s Region

The human brain is a fascinatingly complex organ with specialized structures associated with distinct functions. Classical and recent studies on brain localization propose that Broca’s area underpin expressive language and this has been generalized to explain brain functional organization. However, recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the Broca’s area is an extended network that not only participate in its primary function-expressive language processing but in secondary functions-processing non-linguistic/nonverbal tasks as well. Also, there is hierarchical connectivity and interaction of Broca’s region and different brain areas in underlying related primary functions. For this review, I start with revisiting the classical description of brain localization. I then discuss the neuroanatomy of language production and the role of Broca’s region in language processing. I then highlight the participation of the Broca’s area in non-linguistic tasks and non-primary linguistic tasks. Ultimately, I propose a novel hypothesis called integrated systems hypothesis. The integrated systems hypothesis is useful for guiding research on the multimodal role of specific localized integrated systems of the brain especially the role of the Broca’s region in integrating linguistic and non-linguistic processing and how this facilitate language production.

Typology of Local Construction Materials from the Adamawa and North-West Regions of Cameroon

This article summarizes the different local construction materials observed in two regions of Cameroon (Adamawa and North-West). These raw materials were mapped and evaluated using various methods of investigation (spatial distribution, estimation of reserves, development of a database compatible with geo-referenced maps). The results obtained show three types of local construction materials (vegetal, pedological and geological) with quantitative estimation or distribution. Vegetal local materials include herbaceous savanna with strong dominance of straw in Adamawa region than the North West region. Pedological local construction materials include lateritic soils (ferruginous or clayey), harplan, sandy clay and sandy clay soil while geological local construction materials include volcanic, plutonic and metamorphic rocks. Many sites of these geological materials are suitable for the rock quarry plant. Adamawa region also contains sedimentary rocks constituted by metamorphic conglomerate and sandstones. Two main types of residential homes are constructed with these local construction materials in these regions of Cameroon. These include huts and houses.

Local Modeling模式及其在月径流预测中的应用

LocalModeling方法是一种动力系统预测方法,将其应用于河西内陆区黑河干流出山口莺落峡水文站月平均流量的中长期预测预报,取得了较为理想的成果。预测试验的结果表明,该预测模型有较高计算精度,尤其适用于非主汛期各月的月平均流量的预测;对于主汛期6～9月的月平均流量的预测,在考虑前期来水与预见期内降水的影响后,亦可获到较为理想的预测结果。可以认为,该方法的预报精度达到了水文情报预报规范的要求,LocalModeling方法的应用,将为西北干旱地区河川径流的中长期预报提供了一个新的途径。

Analysis of the Difference of the Basic Pension by Regions

Nowadays, the disparity of the basic pension in local regions of China can be described as follows: the low level of the unification of the basic pension systems, the large disparity of the level of the basic pension, and unfairness of the enterprises’ payment for the basic pension in different local regions in China. These have already brought many negative influences, which have greatly held back the development of the society and national economy. We should build the basic pension system in all local regions of China as a whole, which can cover all people and decrease the disparity in different local regions in China.

Local Transfer of Surplus Labors and Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritages in Fenghuang County of West Hunan Province,China

The significance of local transfer of surplus rural labors in regions of minorities for the protection of intangible cultural heritages was discussed from 3 perspectives:definition of intangible cultural heritages,significance of protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritages,and the role of local transfer of surplus rural labors in protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritages.By taking Fenghuang County(Phoenix County)in west Hunan Province for an example,local transfer of surplus rural labor forces was proposed,and it was suggested that such a transfer could be realized from the following aspects:promoting industrialization of agriculture,developing tourism industry in rural regions of minorities,supporting rural labors to start their own business,attracting university graduates to return to their hometowns for founding their own undertakings.Moreover,relevant strategies were elaborated to increase income of rural residents,guarantee the efficient inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritages in regions of minorities.

Distributed Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Multidimensional Scaling and the Shortest Path Distance Correction

Sensor localization is crucial for the configuration and applications of wireless sensor network (WSN). A novel distributed localization algorithm, MDS-DC was proposed for wireless sensor network based on multidimensional scaling (MDS) and the shortest path distance correction. In MDS-DC, several local positioning regions with reasonable distribution were firstly constructed by an adaptive search algorithm, which ensures the mergence between the local relative maps of the adjacent local position regions and can reduce the number of common nodes in the network. Then, based on the relationships between the estimated distances and actual distances of anchors, the distance estimation vectors of sensors around anchors were corrected in each local positioning region. During the computations of the local relative coordinates, an iterative process, which is the combination of classical MDS algorithm and SMACOF algorithm, was applied. Finally, the global relative positions or absolute positions of sensors were obtained through merging the relative maps of all local positioning regions. Simulation results show that MDS-DC has better performances in positioning precision, energy efficiency and robustness to range error, which can meet the requirements of applications for sensor localization in WSN.

On the regional characteristics of cuisine in China

This paper attempts to study regional differentiation of cuisine in China and set up a rudimentary framework for regional characteristic of cuisine This framework is mainly concerned with regional school of cuisine (or cuisine systems) and regional dishes It also gives them some explanations of the process of the formation