*Newly-built joint ventures engaged in new and high technological enterprises shall enjoy a 15 percent reduction of income tax for two years, or a 24 percent reduction for two years and a 50 percent reduction in the f...*Newly-built joint ventures engaged in new and high technological enterprises shall enjoy a 15 percent reduction of income tax for two years, or a 24 percent reduction for two years and a 50 percent reduction in the following three years. A choice between the two may be decided by the said enterprises. **Service industry, those enterprises with a foreign capital of more than US$5 million shall be exempt from the tax展开更多
Background:Phosphorus is essential for bone mineralization in broilers,however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.We aimed to investigate whether bone phosphorus retention and bone development might be regulated...Background:Phosphorus is essential for bone mineralization in broilers,however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.We aimed to investigate whether bone phosphorus retention and bone development might be regulated by related hormones and local bone-derived regulators in broilers.Methods:Broilers were fed diets containing different levels of non-phytate phosphorus(NPP)0.15%,0.25%,0.35%,0.45% and 0.55% or 0.15%,0.22%,0.29%,0.36% and 0.43% from 1 to 21 or 22 to 42 days of age.Serum and tibia samples were collected for determinations of bone phosphorus retention and bone development parameters,related hormones and local bone-derived regulators of broiler chickens on d 14,28 and 42,respectively.Results:Tibia ash phosphorus,total phosphorus accumulation in tibia ash(TP_(TA)),bone mineral concentration(BMC),bone mineral density(BMD),bone breaking strength(BBS),and ash on d 14,28 or 42,serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_(3)(1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3))on d 28 and 42,mRNA expressions of tibia fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)and dentin matrix protein 1(DMP1)on d 14 and 28 increased linearly or quadratically(P<0.05),while serum parathyroid hormone(PTH)on d 28,tibia alkaline phosphatase(ALP)on d 14,28 and 42,bone gal protein(BGP)on d 14,and mRNA expression of tibia phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome(PHEX)on d 14 and 28 decreased linearly or quadratically(P<0.04)as dietary NPP level increased.TPTA,BMC,BMD,and ash on d 28 and 42,BBS on d 28,and ash phosphorus on d 42 were positively correlated(r=0.389 to 0.486,P<0.03)with serum 1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3).All of the above parameters were positively correlated(r=0.380 to 0.689,P<0.05)with tibia DMP1 mRNA expression on d 14,28 and 42,but negatively correlated(r=−0.609 to−0.538,P<0.02)with serum PTH on d 28,tibia ALP on d 14,28 and 42,and BGP on d 14.TP_(TA),BMC and ash on d 14 and BMD on d 28 were negatively correlated(r=−0.397 to−0.362,P<0.03)with tibia PHEX mRNA expression,and BMD on d 28 was positively correlated(r=0.384,P=0.04)with tibia FGF23 mRNA expression.Conclusions:These results suggested that bone phosphorus retention and bone development parameters had moderate to strong correlations with serum PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 and tibia DMP1,PHEX,FGF23,ALP and BGP in broilers during the whole growth period,and thus they might be partly regulated by these related hormones and local bone-derived regulators.展开更多
In the past two decades, extensive studies have focused on a group of so-called polarity proteins that play conserved and essential functions in establishing and maintaining cell polarity in epithelial cells. Among th...In the past two decades, extensive studies have focused on a group of so-called polarity proteins that play conserved and essential functions in establishing and maintaining cell polarity in epithelial cells. Among them, Crumbs （Crb） is the only trans- membrane polarity protein characterized to date （Tepass et al.,展开更多
As an alternative energy,hydrogen can be converted into electrical energy via direct electrochemical conversion in fuel cells.One important drawback of full cells is the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)promoted...As an alternative energy,hydrogen can be converted into electrical energy via direct electrochemical conversion in fuel cells.One important drawback of full cells is the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)promoted by the high-loading of platinum-group-metal(PGM)electrocatalysts.Fe-N-C family has been received extensive attention because of its low cost,long service life and high oxygen reduction reaction activity in recent years.In order to further enhance the ORR activity,the synthesis method,morphology regulation and catalytic mechanism of the active sites in Fe-N-C catalysts are investigated.This paper reviews the research progress of Fe-N-C from nanoparticles to single atoms.The structure-activity relationship and catalytic mechanism of the catalyst are studied and discussed,which provide a guidance for rational design of the catalyst,so as to promote the more reasonable design of Fe-N-C materials.展开更多
文摘*Newly-built joint ventures engaged in new and high technological enterprises shall enjoy a 15 percent reduction of income tax for two years, or a 24 percent reduction for two years and a 50 percent reduction in the following three years. A choice between the two may be decided by the said enterprises. **Service industry, those enterprises with a foreign capital of more than US$5 million shall be exempt from the tax
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project no.31630073,Beijing,P.R.China)the National Key R&D Program of China(project no.2017YFD0502200,Beijing,P.R.China)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(project no.CARS-41,Beijing,P.R.China)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(project no.ASTIPIAS09,Beijing,P.R.China).
文摘Background:Phosphorus is essential for bone mineralization in broilers,however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.We aimed to investigate whether bone phosphorus retention and bone development might be regulated by related hormones and local bone-derived regulators in broilers.Methods:Broilers were fed diets containing different levels of non-phytate phosphorus(NPP)0.15%,0.25%,0.35%,0.45% and 0.55% or 0.15%,0.22%,0.29%,0.36% and 0.43% from 1 to 21 or 22 to 42 days of age.Serum and tibia samples were collected for determinations of bone phosphorus retention and bone development parameters,related hormones and local bone-derived regulators of broiler chickens on d 14,28 and 42,respectively.Results:Tibia ash phosphorus,total phosphorus accumulation in tibia ash(TP_(TA)),bone mineral concentration(BMC),bone mineral density(BMD),bone breaking strength(BBS),and ash on d 14,28 or 42,serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_(3)(1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3))on d 28 and 42,mRNA expressions of tibia fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)and dentin matrix protein 1(DMP1)on d 14 and 28 increased linearly or quadratically(P<0.05),while serum parathyroid hormone(PTH)on d 28,tibia alkaline phosphatase(ALP)on d 14,28 and 42,bone gal protein(BGP)on d 14,and mRNA expression of tibia phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome(PHEX)on d 14 and 28 decreased linearly or quadratically(P<0.04)as dietary NPP level increased.TPTA,BMC,BMD,and ash on d 28 and 42,BBS on d 28,and ash phosphorus on d 42 were positively correlated(r=0.389 to 0.486,P<0.03)with serum 1,25(OH)_(2)D_(3).All of the above parameters were positively correlated(r=0.380 to 0.689,P<0.05)with tibia DMP1 mRNA expression on d 14,28 and 42,but negatively correlated(r=−0.609 to−0.538,P<0.02)with serum PTH on d 28,tibia ALP on d 14,28 and 42,and BGP on d 14.TP_(TA),BMC and ash on d 14 and BMD on d 28 were negatively correlated(r=−0.397 to−0.362,P<0.03)with tibia PHEX mRNA expression,and BMD on d 28 was positively correlated(r=0.384,P=0.04)with tibia FGF23 mRNA expression.Conclusions:These results suggested that bone phosphorus retention and bone development parameters had moderate to strong correlations with serum PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 and tibia DMP1,PHEX,FGF23,ALP and BGP in broilers during the whole growth period,and thus they might be partly regulated by these related hormones and local bone-derived regulators.
基金supported by the grants from the National Institutes of Health of USA(NCRR R21RR024869, NIGMS RO1GM086423 and RO1GM121534 to Y.H.)the Start-up Foundation from Nanjing Medical University (2012RC04 to J.H.)University of Pittsburgh Medical School Center for Biologic Imaging was supported by the grant 1S100D019973-01 from NIH, USA
文摘In the past two decades, extensive studies have focused on a group of so-called polarity proteins that play conserved and essential functions in establishing and maintaining cell polarity in epithelial cells. Among them, Crumbs （Crb） is the only trans- membrane polarity protein characterized to date （Tepass et al.,
基金W.X.C.acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21801015)W.X.C.acknowledges the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.3090012221909).
文摘As an alternative energy,hydrogen can be converted into electrical energy via direct electrochemical conversion in fuel cells.One important drawback of full cells is the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)promoted by the high-loading of platinum-group-metal(PGM)electrocatalysts.Fe-N-C family has been received extensive attention because of its low cost,long service life and high oxygen reduction reaction activity in recent years.In order to further enhance the ORR activity,the synthesis method,morphology regulation and catalytic mechanism of the active sites in Fe-N-C catalysts are investigated.This paper reviews the research progress of Fe-N-C from nanoparticles to single atoms.The structure-activity relationship and catalytic mechanism of the catalyst are studied and discussed,which provide a guidance for rational design of the catalyst,so as to promote the more reasonable design of Fe-N-C materials.
