<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of groundnut haulm and maize bran mixture supplementations on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and car...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of groundnut haulm and maize bran mixture supplementations on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass characteristics of local sheep fed hay basal diet at Salga sheep farm in Assosa district, Western Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments consisting of six blocks with four animals per block based on their initial body weight of 20.12 ± 0.05 kg (mean ± SD). Treatments comprised of feeding natural pasture hay ad libitum T1 = 0;T2 = 100% maize bran (MB);T3 = 50% MB and 50% Groundnut haulm (GNH), and T4 = 100% GNH. The amount of supplements offered was 300 g/day/animal on DM basis. The daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, dry matter and nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics parameters were measured during the experimental period. The study result indicates that the crude protein (CP) contents were 7.12% and 11.6%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were 67.9% and 57.5% for natural grass hay and groundnut haulm, respectively. The total DM intake was higher (P < 0.001) in T4 (941 g/day) followed by T3 (937 g/day), and T2 (934 g/day). However, the control group (T1) consumed relatively higher basal dry matter (DM) (767 g/day) as compared to all other groups. Local Sheep supplemented with T4 had significantly different (P < 0.001) FBW (33.2 vs 24.3 kg), FCE (0.17 vs 0.08) and ADG (156.2 vs 46.4 g/day) as compared to the control group. The mean DM, OM, and ADF digestibility in the control group (T1) was significantly lower than the supplemented groups (P < 0.001), but there is no significant difference between supplemented treatments (T2, T3, T4). The CP digestibility was the least in the control group (T1) than the supplemented (76 vs 85.5, 88.8 and 89.3 for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). Furthermore, dressing percentage on slaughter weight and empty body weight basis and rib-eye muscle area were high for T4. Empty body weight and hot carcass weight were higher in T4 (27.5 and 15.2 kg) and T3 (25.5 and 14.1 kg) as compared to the control group (19.8 and 10.3 kg), respectively. Similar to biological performance, the economic analysis also showed that supplementation with T4 resulted in better returns compared to others. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation in general improved animal performance. Among the supplements, T4 is biologically optimum and economically feasible.</span>展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the performance and potential of development local sheep in sub-district Kaliangkrik. Respondents were taken from sheep farmers in the village Munggangsari and Wonocoyo with the number of ...This study aimed to evaluate the performance and potential of development local sheep in sub-district Kaliangkrik. Respondents were taken from sheep farmers in the village Munggangsari and Wonocoyo with the number of livestock ownership of at least two tails. This study used a survey method, with sampling of respondents in the census. The results showed the average number of sheep ownership as much as 0.47 animal units （AU） with a range of 0.14 AU to 1.15 AU. The largest population structure is lamb （25.66%）, ewe （23.03%）, ram （18.61%）, ram lamb （16.92%） and ewe lamb （15.79%）. Sex ratio of ram： ewe is 1：1.5 for adult sheep and 1：1.2 for lambs. Weight of ram is 26.75 kg and ewes 26.37 kg; weight of male lamb is 8.42 kg, with average daily gain （ADG） 48.11 g/head/day, while the female lamb 6.61 kg with ADG 44.13 g/head/day. The average sheep lambing interval was 8.4 months, with an average litter size of 1.3 tails. Based on the calculation of the adequacy of feed, the obtained level of sufficiency （feed production ratio and feed requirement） is 1.89, which means the area has adequate feed production. It was concluded that sheep productivity was good enough and potentially to be developed in Kaliangkrik region.展开更多
In recent decades, a considerable number of local breeds have been replaced by high-yielding breeds for reasons of profitability. Many local breeds are now threatened by extinction and the loss of their native genetic...In recent decades, a considerable number of local breeds have been replaced by high-yielding breeds for reasons of profitability. Many local breeds are now threatened by extinction and the loss of their native genetic diversity. The need to conserve breeds and their genetic diversity has a major importance due to the necessity for genetic change within and between populations. Novel approaches have to be explored and extended to maintain this genetic diversity. The aim of this study was the identification and implementation of breed-specific traits for a small, local sheep breed in northern Germany. The data comprised pedigree information, estimated breeding values (EBVs) of several conventional traits, and phenotypic information from a field experiment for two novel traits: 1) average daily gain under extensive circumstances (ADGE) and 2) ultrasonic measurements of muscle-fat ratio (UMFR). The experimental design included a dataset of 47 progeny from 14 pure-bred rams of German White-Headed Mutton (GWM). The methodical approach was divided into four parts: 1) the analysis of the breeding programme, 2) the identification of breed-specific traits, 3) the estimation and correlation of novel breeding values, and 4) the consequences of implementing these novel traits. Genetic parameters and correlations were conducted by applying linear mixed models. The estimates for the heritability (repeatability) were between 0.70 and 0.83 (0.42 and 0.46). The genetic correlation was positive (0.61) and in accordance with the phenotypic correlation (0.62). Average daily gain under intensive circumstances (ADGI) was moderately positive correlated with muscularity (0.60), as opposed to ADGE, which was moderately negative correlated with muscularity (-0.68). The EBV of ADGE was also moderately positive correlated with UMFR (0.64). Genetic response for ADGE enhanced to values of 481.09 g/day, 639.97 g/day, >700 g/day and >850 g/day for different selection intensity scenarios. Corresponding rates of inbreeding were 1.4%, 2.7%, 5.1%, and 7.9% after 10 years of selection. Genetic response for UMFR increased to 0.92, 1.34, 2.41, and >2.75, whereas remaining rates of inbreeding increased to 1.1%, 2.2%, 5.1%, and 7.9%. ADGI and ADGE were tendentially negatively correlated (-0.11), which strengthen the assumption of a biased ADGI. ADGE has a positive influence on meat-quality aspects (UMFR). Optimal use of reference sires with predefined selection intensity achieves genetic response for ADGE and UMFR with simultaneously acceptable rates of inbreeding.展开更多
The reproductive and lamb mortality data (n = 187) of the Local and crosses of Dorper × Local ewes following natural controlled breeding in Ethiopia were analysed. Data were collected during 2009-2011 at Sirinka ...The reproductive and lamb mortality data (n = 187) of the Local and crosses of Dorper × Local ewes following natural controlled breeding in Ethiopia were analysed. Data were collected during 2009-2011 at Sirinka breeding, evaluation and distribution site, eastern Amhara region of Ethiopia. Breed, lamb sex, birth season, birth year, birth type and ewes’ parity were considered as fixed effects. Data analyses were performed using general linear model procedures. Breed was a significant source of variation: the local sheep attained faster the age at first lambing than the crossbred ewe lambs (469 ± 8.45 vs. 555 ± 6.25 days, p < 0.0001), whereas the crossbred ewes weighed more than the local sheep ewes at the age of first lambing (32.7 ± 0.63 vs. 22.8 ± 0.43 kg, p < 0.0001). Birth year had also important influence on the age and weight at first lambing of ewes. Ewes showed better performance during the later study years, differences attributed due to the improved management advantages in later years. The crossbred and local ewes were comparable in their litter size, despite the fact that the lambing interval of crossbred ewes was longer than the local ewes (306 ± 4.62 vs. 287 ± 2.38 days). Additionally, there was no significant difference in mortality rate between the two breeds. This study confirms that the local ewes had higher annual reproductive rate than that of the crossbred sheep ewes (1.49 ± 0.02 vs. 1.37 ± 0.01 lambs) under the same environmental conditions. The present results suggested that better management and breeding program probably will increase the productivity of the local sheep.展开更多
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of groundnut haulm and maize bran mixture supplementations on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass characteristics of local sheep fed hay basal diet at Salga sheep farm in Assosa district, Western Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments consisting of six blocks with four animals per block based on their initial body weight of 20.12 ± 0.05 kg (mean ± SD). Treatments comprised of feeding natural pasture hay ad libitum T1 = 0;T2 = 100% maize bran (MB);T3 = 50% MB and 50% Groundnut haulm (GNH), and T4 = 100% GNH. The amount of supplements offered was 300 g/day/animal on DM basis. The daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, dry matter and nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics parameters were measured during the experimental period. The study result indicates that the crude protein (CP) contents were 7.12% and 11.6%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were 67.9% and 57.5% for natural grass hay and groundnut haulm, respectively. The total DM intake was higher (P < 0.001) in T4 (941 g/day) followed by T3 (937 g/day), and T2 (934 g/day). However, the control group (T1) consumed relatively higher basal dry matter (DM) (767 g/day) as compared to all other groups. Local Sheep supplemented with T4 had significantly different (P < 0.001) FBW (33.2 vs 24.3 kg), FCE (0.17 vs 0.08) and ADG (156.2 vs 46.4 g/day) as compared to the control group. The mean DM, OM, and ADF digestibility in the control group (T1) was significantly lower than the supplemented groups (P < 0.001), but there is no significant difference between supplemented treatments (T2, T3, T4). The CP digestibility was the least in the control group (T1) than the supplemented (76 vs 85.5, 88.8 and 89.3 for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). Furthermore, dressing percentage on slaughter weight and empty body weight basis and rib-eye muscle area were high for T4. Empty body weight and hot carcass weight were higher in T4 (27.5 and 15.2 kg) and T3 (25.5 and 14.1 kg) as compared to the control group (19.8 and 10.3 kg), respectively. Similar to biological performance, the economic analysis also showed that supplementation with T4 resulted in better returns compared to others. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation in general improved animal performance. Among the supplements, T4 is biologically optimum and economically feasible.</span>
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the performance and potential of development local sheep in sub-district Kaliangkrik. Respondents were taken from sheep farmers in the village Munggangsari and Wonocoyo with the number of livestock ownership of at least two tails. This study used a survey method, with sampling of respondents in the census. The results showed the average number of sheep ownership as much as 0.47 animal units （AU） with a range of 0.14 AU to 1.15 AU. The largest population structure is lamb （25.66%）, ewe （23.03%）, ram （18.61%）, ram lamb （16.92%） and ewe lamb （15.79%）. Sex ratio of ram： ewe is 1：1.5 for adult sheep and 1：1.2 for lambs. Weight of ram is 26.75 kg and ewes 26.37 kg; weight of male lamb is 8.42 kg, with average daily gain （ADG） 48.11 g/head/day, while the female lamb 6.61 kg with ADG 44.13 g/head/day. The average sheep lambing interval was 8.4 months, with an average litter size of 1.3 tails. Based on the calculation of the adequacy of feed, the obtained level of sufficiency （feed production ratio and feed requirement） is 1.89, which means the area has adequate feed production. It was concluded that sheep productivity was good enough and potentially to be developed in Kaliangkrik region.
基金Financial support from the ministry of Energy,Agriculture,Environment,Nature,and Digitalization within the framework of the European Innovation Partnership(EIP Agri).
文摘In recent decades, a considerable number of local breeds have been replaced by high-yielding breeds for reasons of profitability. Many local breeds are now threatened by extinction and the loss of their native genetic diversity. The need to conserve breeds and their genetic diversity has a major importance due to the necessity for genetic change within and between populations. Novel approaches have to be explored and extended to maintain this genetic diversity. The aim of this study was the identification and implementation of breed-specific traits for a small, local sheep breed in northern Germany. The data comprised pedigree information, estimated breeding values (EBVs) of several conventional traits, and phenotypic information from a field experiment for two novel traits: 1) average daily gain under extensive circumstances (ADGE) and 2) ultrasonic measurements of muscle-fat ratio (UMFR). The experimental design included a dataset of 47 progeny from 14 pure-bred rams of German White-Headed Mutton (GWM). The methodical approach was divided into four parts: 1) the analysis of the breeding programme, 2) the identification of breed-specific traits, 3) the estimation and correlation of novel breeding values, and 4) the consequences of implementing these novel traits. Genetic parameters and correlations were conducted by applying linear mixed models. The estimates for the heritability (repeatability) were between 0.70 and 0.83 (0.42 and 0.46). The genetic correlation was positive (0.61) and in accordance with the phenotypic correlation (0.62). Average daily gain under intensive circumstances (ADGI) was moderately positive correlated with muscularity (0.60), as opposed to ADGE, which was moderately negative correlated with muscularity (-0.68). The EBV of ADGE was also moderately positive correlated with UMFR (0.64). Genetic response for ADGE enhanced to values of 481.09 g/day, 639.97 g/day, >700 g/day and >850 g/day for different selection intensity scenarios. Corresponding rates of inbreeding were 1.4%, 2.7%, 5.1%, and 7.9% after 10 years of selection. Genetic response for UMFR increased to 0.92, 1.34, 2.41, and >2.75, whereas remaining rates of inbreeding increased to 1.1%, 2.2%, 5.1%, and 7.9%. ADGI and ADGE were tendentially negatively correlated (-0.11), which strengthen the assumption of a biased ADGI. ADGE has a positive influence on meat-quality aspects (UMFR). Optimal use of reference sires with predefined selection intensity achieves genetic response for ADGE and UMFR with simultaneously acceptable rates of inbreeding.
文摘The reproductive and lamb mortality data (n = 187) of the Local and crosses of Dorper × Local ewes following natural controlled breeding in Ethiopia were analysed. Data were collected during 2009-2011 at Sirinka breeding, evaluation and distribution site, eastern Amhara region of Ethiopia. Breed, lamb sex, birth season, birth year, birth type and ewes’ parity were considered as fixed effects. Data analyses were performed using general linear model procedures. Breed was a significant source of variation: the local sheep attained faster the age at first lambing than the crossbred ewe lambs (469 ± 8.45 vs. 555 ± 6.25 days, p < 0.0001), whereas the crossbred ewes weighed more than the local sheep ewes at the age of first lambing (32.7 ± 0.63 vs. 22.8 ± 0.43 kg, p < 0.0001). Birth year had also important influence on the age and weight at first lambing of ewes. Ewes showed better performance during the later study years, differences attributed due to the improved management advantages in later years. The crossbred and local ewes were comparable in their litter size, despite the fact that the lambing interval of crossbred ewes was longer than the local ewes (306 ± 4.62 vs. 287 ± 2.38 days). Additionally, there was no significant difference in mortality rate between the two breeds. This study confirms that the local ewes had higher annual reproductive rate than that of the crossbred sheep ewes (1.49 ± 0.02 vs. 1.37 ± 0.01 lambs) under the same environmental conditions. The present results suggested that better management and breeding program probably will increase the productivity of the local sheep.
