Implications of Onshore Development on Global Software Engineering

Recently software industry has paid significant attention to customizing software products across distributed boundaries.Communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed borders is a crucial challenge for the software customization process.Local decision-making and local development at the client site are considered methods for reducing difficulties in communicating the requirements of multiple clients across distributed boundaries.This paper introduces a new model called the onshore development model(ODM)for accomplishing the customization requests in the distributed development process of software.This model presents a scenario for enhancing the onsite development of specific requirements to reduce delays andmisunderstandings between the clients and the team involved.This model depends on moving the development process to the client’s location.Three empirical studies were conducted to evaluate the proposed model to measure its productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The proposed model has been compared with two other models:the basic model(BM),which allocates the decision-making process and the development process for teams at the vendor’s location,and the local decision-making model(LDec),which assigns the decision-making process for team at the client’s location.The results of the empirical studies showed significant outperforming of the proposed model over the basic model and local decision-making model in productivity,time performance,and cost reduction.The productivity of the proposed model improved by 39%and 10%more than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.In addition,the time performance of the proposed model became faster by 49%and 20.8%than the basic model and the local decision-making model,respectively.Also,it reduced the total cost of the development process by 31%in terms of the salaries of all persons involved in requirements collecting,decision-making,and development.

Individual and local scale interactions and adaptations to wind energy development:A case study of Oklahoma,USA

Wind energy development receives broad support but is often opposed at the local level due to nuisance concerns and uncertainties about how it affects the landowners living due to the turbines and the broader community.Lo-cal opposition to wind energy development can be a powerful force slowing or even ending its implementation in a given region.Oklahoma,USA is currently ranked as 4^(th)in the United States in current wind energy production and has seen significant pushback from some local communities as a renewable energy resource.Previous studies have examined wind energy development’s impact on rural education income,and property values of different communities in Oklahoma.However,funding information on how wind energy development affects the individu-als living alongside the turbines are limited.Using fifteen interviews with landowners,site-managers,community representatives,and pro-wind non-profit organization representatives,this study finds that individuals who live in proximity to wind energy development,particularly those involved in the agricultural industry,have created novel and unique uses for wind farm infrastructure.It also finds that local perceptions of wind energy production are mostly positive and provides increased knowledge of how wind energy development affects the individuals and communities that are hosting the turbines and related infrastructure.

Standization Trends in Local Regions Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Utilizes Standardization to Promote Economic Development

In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, among which the Islamic population is about 2 million.……

Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Comprehensive Development Planning of the Cities in Nueva Ecija in the Philippines

Recent scientific consensus suggests that climate-related disasters are becoming more frequent and destructive.Consequently,increasing importance is given to disaster risk reduction(DRR)and climate change adaptation(CCA)in global governance.The projected global warming at 1.5℃and the climate variability that the Philippine archipelago experiences make DRR-CCA the key priorities of both the national and local government units.In this study,we assessed and measured the degree of mainstreaming of DRR-CCA in the comprehensive development plans(CDPs)of the five component cities in the province of Nueva Ecija in the Philippines.These are among the areas in Central Luzon that are susceptible to hydrometeorological and geologic hazards.We distributed survey questionnaires to 25 employees of the local government units in the five component cities in Nueva Ecija who are directly involved in planning activities.We triangulated their responses using archival data(review of written policies and plans).The main findings of the study indicate that in spite the presence of laws and policies on DRR-CCA,their implementation is only in the preliminary stages.The results also provide insights to policymakers and future researchers on the challenges and opportunities influencing the systemic mainstreaming of DRR-CCA in the province.

Challenges and Countermeasures for the Sustainable Development of Local Finance under the Impact of COVID-19

In recent years,the risks and challenges at home and abroad have increased significantly,and the downward pressure on the economy has increased,especially the implementation of larger-scale tax and fee cuts under the proactive fiscal policy,while the rigidity of local fiscal expenditure has not been reduced,and the sustainable development of local finance is facing greater challenges.In particular,the COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the already stressed local finance,which has led to the intensifi ed contradiction between local fiscal revenue and expenditure.This paper analyzes the challenges to the sustainable development of local finance under the impact of COVID-19 from four angles:the greater economic downward pressure combined with larger-scale tax and fee cuts,the fiscal relationship between the central and local governments,land finance,and transfer payment,then puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations.

Developing an identities-based approach to support more robust resilience and recovery in heritage planning and management

Resilience has become an increasingly important concept in the cultural heritage feld,particularly in the aftermath of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandemic brought.However,on a conceptual and practical level,resilience remains closely linked to the technical conservation of built heritage,and there remains a need to develop broader approaches inclusive of cultural and socioeconomic components.This article investigates the potential applicability of theoretical concepts linked to identity and identities in heritage planning to help fll these gaps and develop approaches that consider resilience and are better able to address a range of unanticipated disasters.We frst review the literature and policy documents to defne and identify the potential for identities-based approaches.We then examine the case of Matera,an extremely fragile world heritage site in southern Italy that has been continuously inhabited for more than 8000 years and provides a relevant example of resilience.We explore the trends and efects of globalised tourism development before the pandemic and the post pandemic emergence of more local/regional and slow tourism patterns,largely based on cultural solutions to local development challenges and knowledge exchange.Through this comparison,we analyse the potential and limitations of introducing identities-based concepts into heritage planning as a more robust way to enhance resilience and prepare cities for unexpected future crises.

Tourism and Rural Heritage: A Win-Win Relation? The Conditions of Heritage Making in Touristic Rural Regions

The relationship between heritage and rural development takes place within the heritage making pro­cess.It presents different characteristics of what exists in urban context,especially through the role that can play the built heritage in the reception of the tourists.The study of the case of a French department,the Gers,character­ised by an important intangible heritage linked to gastronomy and agriculture,but away from the major flows of mass tourism,reveals three major criteria for success:the importance of organising an actor’s network that gathers the world of local economy,tourism and heritage,in conjunction with local authorities;the existence of a strong legitimation structure that justifies these links.In France it was developed from a scientific approach:that of rural ethnology;the inscription in a temporality which allows successive stages and which is as much that of the local de­velopment project as that of the patrimonial action itself.

Huangshan Women Developing Local Tourism

AN old saying goes: "Living by the mountain, eat from the mountain; living by the sea, eat from the sea." In Huangshan City, Anhui Province, tourism departments have become places of great interest for many local young people. According to rough statistics, in Tunxi alone—where the municipal government is located—over 10,000 people make