Patient Participation in Communication about Treatment Decision-Making for Localized Prostate Cancer during Consultation Visits

Objectives: To describe the communication behaviors of patients and physicians and patient par-ticipation in communication about treatment decision-making during consultation visits for local-ized prostate cancer (LPCa). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from 52 men enrolled in the usual care control group of a randomized trial that focused on decision-making for newly diagnosed men with LPCa. We analyzed the patient-physician communication using the transcribed audio-recordings of real-time treatment consultations and a researcher-developed coding tool, including codes for communication behaviors (information giving, seeking, and clarifying/ verifying) and contents of clinical consultations (health histories, survival/mortality, treatment options, treatment impact, and treatment preferences). After qualitative content analysis, we categorized patient participation in communication about treatment-related clinical content, including “none” (content not discussed);“low” (patient listening only);“moderate” (patient providing information or asking questions);and “high” (patient providing information and asking questions). Results: Physicians mainly provided information during treatment decision consultations and patients frequently were not active participants in communication. The participation of patients with low and moderate cancer risk typically was: 1) “moderate and high” in discussing health histories;2) “low” in discussing survival/mortality;3) “low and moderate” in discussing treatment options;4) “none and low” in discussing treatment impacts;and 5) “low” in discussing treatment preferences. Conclusions: Findings suggest opportunities for increasing patient participation in communication about treatment decision-making for LPCa during clinical consultations.

Long-Term Outcomes and Prognosis of Transrectal High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy for Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer—Therapy after Recurrence and Predictive Factors

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes and prognosis of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy for patients with localized prostate cancer, and identify suitable candidates for this therapy by investigating the predictive factors. Methods: The 224 patients (low 54, intermediate 111 and high-risk patients 59) with T1-2 stage were treated using the Sonablate device and followed for over 12 months after treatment. Recurrence was determined based on histological findings, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure and local or distant metastasis. The factors which are predicting variables with potential effects were investigated by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 255 treatment sessions (193 with one, 31 with two) were performed. No patients died of prostate cancer, but 15 died of other causes and 14 patients were lost during follow-up. The 7-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates in all patients were 75%, and 5-year RFS rates were 98%, 84% and 59% in the low, intermediate and high-risk patients respectively. In the 216 patients who underwent histological examination at 6 months or later after HIFU, 25 (12%) were positive. In 77 patients with recurrence after first-HIFU, the second treatments were hormonal therapy and HIFU. Of the 31 patients who underwent a second HIFU, the 5-year RFS rates were 64%, and 5-year RFS rates were 100%, 74% and 33% in the low, intermediate and high-risk patients. The significant predictor for recurrence was risk-group, T-stage (T1 vs T2), Gleason score (≤3 + 4 and ≥4 + 3), pretreatment PSA (Conclusions: Prognosis of HIFU for Patients with localized prostate cancer was good, and the low and intermediate-risk patients with T1-staging are suitable indications for HIFU. Effective predictors for outcomes were risk-group, T-stage, Gleason score, pretreatment PSA and nadir PSA.

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic work up of clinical localized prostate cancer: A review

Imaging plays an increasingly important role in the work up of prostate cancer(PCa) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is generally accepted as the most accurate and promising imaging modality in the local staging of PCa due to its high spatial resolution and excellent soft tissue contrast. The quality and performance of MRI of the prostate has improved dramatically during the last decade. Mainly, the combination of morphological information and functional information on cell density, tissue perfusion or metabolism as provided in multi-parametric prostate MRI(mp MRI) has led to a substantial increase in lesion detection and characterization. The correlation between functional parameters as provided by MRI and the aggressiveness of PCa as determined by the Gleason Score may help in differentiating clinically signifi cant from indolent PCa non-invasively. Besides these pros, radiologists are confronted with an immense amount of information and standardized acquisition, interpretation and reporting of mp MRI is not yet a reality. Furthermore, prostate MRI availability is still limited to high volume centers in many countries; hence, it is not yet a routine tool in common daily practice. Hence, development of guidelines for standardized acquisition, interpretation andreporting of prostate MRI exams is urgently needed in order to provide useful information for treating clinicians. Preferably, multi-centric clinical studies comparing MRI fi ndings to step-section histological specimens are mandatory during the coming years. Furthermore, simplification of the acquisition must be achieved in order to make this imaging modality applicable for daily use in common uro-radiological practice.

Combined cryotherapy and external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer: A case series

Introduction: Routine PSA screening for prostate cancer (PCa) has increased the detection of intermediate-risk, localized disease. Conventional treatments for localized PCa include surgery, brachytherapy, cryotherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). However, for intermediate risk patients, rates of recurrence are moderately high and a multi-modal treatment approach for these patients may be necessary. We treated patients with a combination of cryotherapy and low dose EBRT to assess the safety and feasibility of this combinatory approach as well as to evaluate early oncological outcomes. Case Presentation: Men with intermediate risk (PSA = 10-20 ng/ml and/or Gleason = 7 and/or clinical T2b) localized PCa were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients underwent cryotherapy and then 39 Gy EBRT 4-6 weeks after surgery. After completing EBRT, the men were followed every 3 months for 2 years. Adverse events, PSA, urinary and erectile function were assessed during each follow-up. Three patients completed the study. Preoperative PSA ranged from 3.5 to 7.9 ng/ml. There were no intraoperative complications and the treatment was well tolerated. Following cryotherapy and EBRT, all patients were pad-free within 6 months and remained continent for the duration of the study. Bother index remained stable throughout the study for all patients. No urethral strictures or rectal toxicities were observed. PSA remained undetectable for all patients. Conclusions: In this prospective study, cryotherapy combined with low dose EBRT was a safe approach for the treatment of intermediate-risk, localized PCa. Early oncological outcomes appeared to be favorable with all patients having undetectable PSA during the 2-year follow-up period. Further studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.

The Impact of Variation in Bladder Volume on the Doses of Target and Organ-at-Risk in Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has become the mainstay of treatment for localized prostate cancer. In IMRT, minimizing differences between the conditions used during planning CT and daily treatment is important to prevent adverse events in normal tissues. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of variation in bladder volume on the doses to various organs. A total of 35 patients underwent definitive radiotherapy at Saitama Medical Center. A Light Speed RT16 (GE Healthcare) was used for planning and to obtain examination CT images. Such images were acquired after 4 - 6 days of planning CT image acquisition. The IMRT plans were optimized using the planning CT data to satisfy the dose constraints set by our in-house protocols for the PTV and the OARs. The dose distributions were then re-calculated using the same IMRT beams, and checked on examination CT images. It was clear that bladder volume affected the doses to certain organs. We focused on the prostate, bladder, rectum, small bowel, and large bowel. Regression coefficients were calculated for variables that correlated strongly with bladder volume (p < 0.05). We found that variation in bladder volume [cm3] predicted deviations in the bladder V70Gy, V50Gy, and V30Gy [%];the maximum dose to the small bowel [cGy];and the maximum dose to the large bowel [cGy]. The regression coefficients were -0.065, -0.125, -0.180, -10.22, and -9.831, respectively. We evaluated the impacts of such variation on organ doses. These may be helpful when checking a patient’s bladder volume before daily IMRT for localized prostate cancer.

Outcomes of locally advanced prostate cancer:a single institution study of 209 patients in Japan

Aim： To investigate the outcomes for Asian populations with locally advanced/clinical stage Ⅲ prostate cancer （PCa） treated with currently prevailing modalities. Methods： We reviewed the record of 209 patients with clinical stage Ⅲ PCa, who were treated at Niigata Cancer Center Hospital between 1992 and 2003. Treatment options included hormone therapy-combined radical prostatectomy （RP＋HT）, hormone therapy-combined external beam irradiation （EBRT＋HT） and primary hormone therapy （PHT）. Results： The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 80.3% and 46.1% in all cohorts, respectively. The survival rates were 87.3% and 66.5% in the RP＋HT group, 94.9% and 70.0% in the EBRT＋HT group and 66.1% and 17.2% in the PHT group, respectively. A significant survival advantage was found in the EBRT＋HT group compared with that in the PHT group （P 〈 0.0001）. Also, the RP＋HT group had better survival than the PHT group （P = 0.0107）. The 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival rates for all cases were 92.5% and 80.0%, respectively. They were 93.8% and 71.4% in the RP＋HT group, 96.6% and 93.6% in the EBRT＋HT group and 88.6% and 62.3% in the PHT group, respectively. A survival advantage was found in the EBRT＋HT group compared with the PHT group （P = 0.029）. No significant difference was found in disease-specific survival between the EBRT＋HT and RP＋HT groups or between the RP＋HT and PHT groups. Condusion： Although our findings indicate that radiotherapy plus HT has a survival advantage in this stage of PCa, we recommend therapies that take into account the patients＇ social and medical conditions for Asian men with clinical stage Ⅲ PCa.

The role of radiotherapy in localised and locally advanced prostate cancer

For a patient suffering from non-metastatic prostate cancer,the individualized recommendation of radiotherapy has to be the fruit of a multidisciplinary approach in the context of a Tumor Board,to be explained carefully to the patient to obtain his informed consent.External beam radiotherapy is now delivered by intensity modulated radiotherapy,considered as the gold standard.From a radiotherapy perspective,low-risk localized prostate cancer is treated by image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy,or brachytherapy if patients meet the required eligibility criteria.Intermediate-risk patients may benefit from intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with 4e6 months of androgen deprivation therapy;intensity modulated radiotherapy alone or combined with brachytherapy can be offered to patients unsuitable for androgen deprivation therapy due to co-morbidities or unwilling to accept it to preserve their sexual health.High-risk prostate cancer,i.e.high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer,requires intensity modulated radiotherapy with long-term(≥2 years)androgen deprivation therapy with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists.Post-operative irradiation,either immediate or early deferred,is proposed to patients classified as pT3pN0,based on surgical margins,prostate-specific antigen values and quality of life.Whatever the techniques and their degree of sophistication,quality assurance plays a major role in the management of radiotherapy,requiring the involvement of physicians,physicists,dosimetrists,radiation technologists and computer scientists.The patients must be informed about the potential morbidity of radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy and followed regularly during and after treatment for tertiary prevention and evaluation.A close cooperation is needed with general practitioners and specialists to prevent and mitigate side effects and maintain quality of life.

Long-term effectiveness of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist or antiandrogen monotherapy in elderly men with localizect prostate cancer （T1-2） ： a retrospective study

Aim： To evaluate the long-term effectiveness, side effects and compliance rates of two types of drugs （luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] agonist and antiandrogen） that were used individually to treat patients with localized prostate cancer （T1-2） at our institution. Methods： Ninety-seven patients who were diagnosed in the period from April 1997 to January 2000 as having clinically localized prostate cancer （T1-2） received either LHRH agonist （leuprolide acetate 7.5 mg/month） monotherapy （group 1, n = 62） or antiandrogen monotherapy （group 2, n = 35; 18 received bicalutamide 50 mg q.d., 13 received nilutamide 150 mg t.i.d, and 4 received flutamide 250 mg t.i.d.）. The mean age in both groups was 76 years. Results： The mean follow-up time was （50.8 ±8.5） months in group 1 and （43.1 ± 2.2） months in group 2. Prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels rose in only 1 of the 62 patients （1.6%） in group 1, and in 20 of the 35 patients （57.1%） in group 2. In group 2, 10 of the 20 patients （50 %） with increasing PSA levels were treated with LHRH salvage therapy, and eight （80%） responded. Hot flashes （54.8%） and lethargy （41.9%） were the most common side effects in group 1. In contrast, nipple-tenderness （40%） and light-dark adaptation （17.1%） were more often seen in group 2. Only 1 of the 62 patients （1.6%） in group 1 switched to another medication because of adverse side effects; whereas 8 of the 35 patients （22.9%） in group 2 did so. Conclusion： Unlike antiandrogen monotherapy, LHRH agonist monotherapy provided long-term durable control of localized prostate cancer （T1-2）. It can also be an effective treatment option for patients whose disease failed to respond to antiandrogen monotherapy. The limitations of our study are the lack of health outcomes analysis and a small sample size.

Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy after chemohormonal therapy in patients with primary metastatic prostate cancer

Objective:Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy(cRP)has been proposed as local treatment option in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer(mHSPC)to prevent local complications and potentially improve oncological outcomes.In this study,we examined the feasibility of a multimodal concept with primary chemohormonal therapy followed by cRP and analyzed prostate size reduction under systemic treatment,postoperative complication rates,as well as early postoperative continence.Methods:In this retrospective study,38 patients with mHSPC underwent cRP after primary chemohormonal therapy(3-monthly luteinising hormone-releasing hormone-analogue+six cycles 3-weekly docetaxel 75 mg/m2)at two centers between September 2015 and December 2018.Results:Overall,10(26%)patients had high volume and 28(74%)patients had low volume disease at diagnosis,according to CHAARTED definition.Median prostate-specific antigen(PSA)decreased from 65 ng/mL(interquartile range[IQR]35.0-124.5 ng/mL)pre-chemotherapy to 1 ng/mL(IQR 0.3-1.7 ng/mL)post-chemotherapy.Prostate gland volume was significantly reduced by a median of 50%(IQR 29%-56%)under chemohormonal therapy(p=0.003).Postoperative histopathology showed seminal vesicle invasion in 33(87%)patients and negative surgical margins in 17(45%)patients.Severe complications(Grade 3 according to Clavien-Dindo)were observed in 4(11%)patients within 30 days.Continence was reached in 87%of patients after 1 month and in 92%of patients after 6 months.Median time to castration-resistance from begin of chemohormonal therapy was 41.1 months and from cRP was 35.9 months.Postoperative PSA-nadir≤1 ng/mL versus>1 ng/mL was a significant predictor of time to castration-resistance after cRP(median not reached versus 5.3 months;p<0.0001).Conclusion:We observed a reduction of prostate volume under chemohormonal therapy going along with a low postoperative complication and high early continence rate.However,the oncologic benefit from cRP is still under evaluation.

Detection and Local Staging of Prostate Cancer by 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT, Comparison with mpMRI and Histopathology

Introduction: 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT has proven its value in prostate cancer with high positive predictive value for lymph node metastasis and superior detection of distant metastasis. There is growing evidence that 68Ga-PSMA- PET/CT has high sensitivity for detection of tumor lesions in the prostate as well. Studies thus far have mainly been performed in patients prior to prostatectomy. Aim of this study is to evaluate diagnostic accuracy in a mixed population of men with increased risk of prostate cancer and evaluate diagnostic possibilities with respect to extra-capsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion. Methods: The population consisted of a retrospectively included sequential cohort of 69 patients with 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and mpMRI available. 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT was re-evaluated by two readers blinded for mpMRI and clinical information. Likelihood of tumour presence, extra-prostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion was scored on 5-point Likert scale and localized schematically. Results were compared with mpMRI. Available pathological outcome served as gold standard. SUVmax of index lesions was measured and correlated to index tumor Gleason grade. Results: Clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason ≥ 3 + 4) was detected in 57 (83%) of 69 patients. Diagnostic accuracy was 89% for PET reader 1, 93% for PET reader 2 and 86% for mpMRI. Lesion concordance of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and mpMRI was 97%. SUVmax of the index lesion correlated to Gleason grade. Sensitivity for extracapsular extension in the prostatectomy group was 62% for PET reader 1, 33% for PET reader 2 and 50% for mpMRI. Specificity was 62% for PET reader 1, 100% for PET reader 2 and 69% for mpMRI. Conclusion: Ga68-PSMA-PET shows high accuracy in the detection of tumor lesions in the prostate. Results on evaluating extra-capsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion are comparable to mpMRI. This study adds to the increasing evidence that 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT is imperative in detection of prostate cancer prior to biopsy.

Splenunculi mimicking metastases in a patient with locally advanced prostate cancer

A 61-year-old man with locally advanced prostate cancer was found to have multiple solid intra-abdominal solid lesions during staging investigations.While some were in the pelvis,they were not located in the common landing sites for prostate cancer metastases,and his prostate specific antigen was not significantly elevated to suggest a high burden of metastatic disease.He reported a history of a blunt abdominal trauma due to a motor vehicle accident more than forty years ago which had been conservatively managed.His staging imaging revealed a lack of a discrete spleen in his left upper abdomen and this raised the suspicion that these solid lesions may represent ectopic splenic tissue.Imaging with nuclear medicine scintigraphy confirmed the lesions in his upper abdomen and pelvis to be splenunculi.He proceeded with a combination of androgen deprivation therapy and external beam radiotherapy for locally advanced,non-metastatic prostate cancer.Although it has been described in patients with low risk prostate cancer,this is the first case report of splenunculi mimicking metastases in a patient with locally advanced prostate cancer.

Relationship between D90 and D100 with Biochemical and Local Failure in Low-risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Low-rate Brachytherapy(LDR)

Low dose rate brachytherapy(LDR)is an accepted,effective treatment with few local side effects,used as monotherapy in patients with low-risk prostate cancer(PC).The aim of this paper is to analyse 245 patients treated with LDR in the Radiation Oncology Department of the Hospital Gómez Ulla,from 2004 to 2016,evaluating the relationship of dosimetric parameters with biochemical and local recurrence as well as genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity derived from the technique.The results obtained show a clear relationship between the dose used and biochemical and local failure.

Randomized controlled trial comparing open anterograde anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy with retrograde technique

Objective:Radical prostatectomy is the recommended treatment for localized prostate cancer;however,it is an invasive procedure that can leave serious morbidity.Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy was introduced with the aim of reducing postoperative morbidity and facilitating rapid recovery compared to the traditional Walsh’s open radical retropubic prostatectomy.Therefore,a protocol was developed to perform an open prostatectomy comparable to that performed by robotics,but without involving novel instrumentation.Methods:A total of 220 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy.They were divided into two groups:anterograde technique(115 patients)and the retrograde method(105 patients).The study outcomes were observed 3 months after surgery.Results:No differences were found in terms of surgical time,hospital stay,and suction drainage.However,reduced bleeding was observed in the anterograde technique(p=0.0003),with rapid anastomosis duration(p=0.005).Among the patients,60.9% undergoing the anterograde technique were continent 3 months after surgery compared to 42.9%treated by the retrograde method(p=0.007).Additionally,fewer complications in terms of the number(p=0.007)and severity(p=0.0006)were observed in the anterograde technique.Conclusion:The anterograde method displayed increased efficiency in reducing complications,compared to the retrograde technique.

Value of MRI diffusion weighted imaging in localization of prostate cancer with whole-mount step section pathology

Objective To evaluate the value of MRI diffusion weighted imaging in localization of prostate cancer with whole-mount step section pathology. Methods We treated 36 patients using laparoscopic radical prostatectomy from Oct. 2009 to Jun. 2010. Patients who did not have an MRL /DWI examination or a surgical history of pros-

局麻下电磁针尖引导经会阴前列腺mpMRI-TRUS影像融合靶向穿刺的临床应用

目的探讨局麻下电磁针尖引导经会阴前列腺多参数磁共振-经直肠彩超(mpMRI-TRUS)融合靶向穿刺活检临床应用的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析81例行局麻下电磁针尖引导经会阴前列腺mpMRI-TRUS影像融合靶向穿刺活检患者的临床病理资料。应用视觉模拟评分(VAS)和视觉数字评分(VNS)评估患者前列腺穿刺活检时(VAS-1和VNS-1)、术后1 h(VAS-2和VNS-2)和术后1 d(VAS-3和VNS-3)的疼痛程度和穿刺满意度,记录围手术期临床资料和术后穿刺活检的肿瘤阳性检出率。结果本组81例患者平均前列腺体积53.39±29.46 cm3。PIRADS评分2、3、4和5分患者的PSA值分别为9.14±2.31、9.95±4.10、14.77±6.36和32.17±24.39ng/ml。VAS-1、VAS-2和VAS-3分别为1.70±0.73、1.16±0.58和0.53±0.55分;VNS-1、VNS-2和VNS-3分别为2.74±0.44、3.69±0.46和3.84±0.37分。平均手术时间为17.47±3.44 min。术后病理结果提示靶向穿刺活检的肿瘤阳性率为64.20%。根据PIRADS评分进行亚组分析,PI-RADS评分2、3、4和5分患者穿刺活检的肿瘤阳性率分别为21.43%、44.44%、61.11%和96.77%。穿刺术后19.75%患者出现肉眼血尿,3.70%患者出现尿潴留,经对症治疗后缓解。所有患者均未出现会阴穿刺区域血肿、尿路感染、血精、迷走神经反应和感染性休克等并发症。结论对于前列腺癌可疑患者,局麻下电磁针尖引导经会阴前列腺mp MRI-TRUS影像融合靶向穿刺是一种可行且易耐受的手术操作方式,安全性好,具有较高的肿瘤阳性检出率,值得临床进一步推广应用。

前列腺冷冻消融术后肿瘤局部复发行挽救性治疗的临床分析

目的探讨前列腺冷冻消融术后出现肿瘤局部复发的挽救性治疗方案的疗效及安全性,为该类患者的治疗选择提供参考。方法回顾性分析2014年6月—2020年12月于中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受前列腺冷冻消融术后出现肿瘤局部复发的前列腺癌(cT1c~4N0M0)患者的临床资料。对患者开展的挽救性治疗方法包括局部治疗(挽救性放疗、挽救性冷冻消融、挽救性前列腺癌根治术)和雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT),挽救性治疗后进行了规律随访。结果共8例患者符合入组条件。患者中位年龄为71(63~76)岁,患者中位初诊PSA为17.650(10.380~325.10)ng/mL,初次冷冻消融后中位最低PSA为0.041(0.003~0.541)ng/mL。患者局部复发时中位PSA为3.030(2.090~19.180)ng/mL。3例直肠指诊触及硬结,7例影像学提示局部复发,4例患者接受前列腺穿刺活检术,其中2例活检阳性。挽救性治疗后中位随访时间为54(9~75)个月。4例患者行挽救性放疗,其中2例分别出现血便、血尿、尿路感染,经保守治疗后恢复;1例患者接受挽救性冷冻消融,术后无并发症;1例患者接受前列腺癌根治术(RP)+放疗,根治术后出现淋巴漏,经保守治疗后恢复。2例患者接受单独ADT治疗,其中1例出现潮热,后自行好转。1例接受单独ADT治疗的患者,63个月后出现肿瘤进展,其余患者至随访截止前未出现肿瘤进展和死亡。结论对前列腺冷冻消融术后出现肿瘤局部复发的患者可以考虑进行局部治疗(挽救性放疗、冷冻消融、RP)和ADT,但各种治疗方法的疗效及安全性还需要大规模前瞻性研究的进一步证实。

改良经腹膜外腹腔镜全筋膜内根治性前列腺切除术对局限性前列腺癌患者勃起功能、尿流动力学的影响

目的探讨局限性前列腺癌(PCa)患者采用改良经腹膜外腹腔镜全筋膜内根治性前列腺切除术(RP)对其勃起功能、尿流动力学的改善效果。方法回顾性选取浙江中医药大学附属第一医院庆元分院2020年1月至2022年6月收治的局限性PCa患者82例,依据术中筋膜处理方式的不同分为对照组(41例)和观察组(41例)。两组均行经腹膜外腹腔镜RP,对照组术中给予常规筋膜间保留血管神经束,观察组术中给予改良全筋膜内切除。比较两组手术相关指标、勃起功能、尿流动力学指标、疼痛状况及并发症。结果两组手术时间、出血量、引流管留置时间、住院时间、切缘阳性占比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月两组国际勃起功能指数-5(IIEF-5)评分相比术前均升高;观察组术后6个月IIEF-5评分及勃起功能恢复率高于对照组,视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后6个月最大膀胱容量(MBC)、最大尿道闭合压(MUCP)比术前升高,观察组高于对照组;术后6个月充盈期膀胱顺应性值(BC)、残余尿量(PVR)、逼尿肌不稳定率(DI)比术前降低,观察组低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后6个月随访的总并发症发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良经腹膜外腹腔镜全筋膜内RP应用于局限性PCa患者可促进勃起功能恢复,减轻疼痛症状,调节尿流动力学指标水平,安全性良好。

前列腺穿刺活检术的研究进展

前列腺癌(Prostate Cancer,PCa)是一种对中老年男性危害巨大的恶性疾病。近年来,前列腺癌在我国的发病率及死亡率显著升高。以往,系统性6针穿刺活检法是临床上应用最多的前列腺癌诊断方法,但此方法并不能明显提高前列腺癌的检出率。随着影像学技术如单光子计算机断层扫描(ECT)、多排螺旋CT(MDCT)、经直肠超声(TRUS)和多参数磁共振成像(mpMRI)等技术的发展,以及多种融合技术在实际操作中的应用,前列腺穿刺变得精准化、可视化,病理诊断阳性率有所提高,同时穿刺针数减少,并发症的发生降低。本文就近年来前列腺穿刺活检术的新进展进行综述。

局限性前列腺癌患者治疗决策与生存预期的相关性研究

目的 考察局限性前列腺癌(localized prostate cancer,LPC)患者的治疗选择[手术、放疗或观察等待/积极监测(watchful waiting or active surveillance,WW/AS)]与自我报告的主观生存预期的关系,同时确定患者主观生存预期的影响因素。方法 前瞻性纳入2019年3月至2022年1月在浙江省台州医院门诊和住院诊疗的180例LPC患者。根据治疗方案不同,将患者分为手术组(n=103)、放疗组(n=54)和WW/AS组(n=23)。所有患者填写问卷,内容包括受试者选择的治疗方案(手术、放疗或WW/AS)、基于此方案的生命预期(LE2)、如不进行治疗的生命预期(LE_(1)),ΔLE=LE_(2)-LE_(1)。比较治疗和不治疗前列腺癌时患者主观生存期望的差异、选择不同治疗方案的患者主观生存期望的差异(ΔLE),采用多元线性回归分析模型考察患者主观生存预期长短的影响因子。结果 如果不接受任何治疗,33.3%的患者主观生存预期不足5年,只有5.0%的患者主观生存期望超过20年;而选择积极治疗的患者主观生存预期低于5年的仅占3.3%,超过20年的占53.9%。未调整LE前,手术组和放疗组ΔLE均高于WW/AS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调整LE后,手术组和放疗组ΔLE均高于WW/AS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄和所选择的治疗方案是主观生存预期差异的影响因子。结论 大多数LPC患者在不接受治疗的情况下低估了生存预期,而在接受手术或放疗的情况下高估了生存预期。这些不切实际的主观生存预期可能会导致治疗过度,决策后悔,并降低治疗后的生活质量。

白蛋白球蛋白比值(AGR)、PSA联合Gleason评分对局限性前列腺癌患者预后的预测价值分析

目的分析白蛋白球蛋白比值(AGR)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)联合Gleason评分对局限性前列腺癌患者预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析98例局限性前列腺癌患者的临床资料,以患者治疗后是否发展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)分为CRPC组(n=31)及非CRPC组(n=67),比较两组患者治疗前AGR、PSA、Gleason评分,应用Logistic分析模型分析AGR、PSA、Gleason评分与局限性前列腺癌患者发展为CRPC的相关性,应用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析AGR、PSA、Gleason评分联合预估局限性前列腺癌患者发展为CRPC的预测价值。分别比较不同AGR、PSA、Gleason评分局限性前列腺癌患者的无进展生存期(PFS)。结果CRPC组AGR水平显著低于非CRPC组(P<0.05);CRPC组PSA水平、Gleason评分显著高于非CRPC组(P<0.05)。经Logistic分析模型分析,AGR水平与局限性前列腺癌患者发展为CRPC呈负相关(P<0.05),PSA水平、Gleason评分与局限性前列腺癌患者发展为CRPC呈正相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线中,AGR、PSA、Gleason评分联合预估局限性前列腺癌患者发展为CRPC的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.849,敏感度为87.10%,特异度为64.18%。高AGR水平患者PFS显著高于低AGR水平患者,高PSA水平患者PFS显著短于低PSA水平患者,高Gleason评分患者PFS显著短于低Gleason评分患者(P<0.05)。结论AGR、PSA、Gleason评分与局限性前列腺癌患者发展为CRPC密切相关,可为术后早期识别CRPC高危患者、及时制定诊疗方案提供数据支持。