Management of borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer:Where do we stand?

Many patients with pancreas cancer present with locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC).The principle tools used for diagnosis and staging of LAPC include endoscopic ultrasound,axial imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,and diagnostic laparoscopy.The definition of resectability has historically been vague,as there is considerable debate and controversy as to the definition of LAPC.For the patient with LAPC,there is some level of involvement of the surrounding vascular structures,which include the superior mesenteric artery,celiac axis,hepatic artery,superior mesenteric vein,or portal vein.When feasible,most surgeons would recommend possible surgical resection for patients with borderline LAPC,with the goal of an R0 resection.For initially unresectable LAPC,neoadjuvant should be strongly considered.Specifically,these patients should be offered neoadjuvant therapy,and the tumor should be assessed for possible response and eventual resection.The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy with this approach as a bridge to potential curative resection is broad,ranging from 3%-79%.The different modalities of neoadjuvant therapy include sin-gle or multi-agent chemotherapy combined with radiation,chemotherapy alone,and chemotherapy followed by chemotherapy with radiation.This review focuses on patients with LAPC and addresses recent advances and controversies in the field.

Gemcitabine plus concurrent irreversible electroporation vs gemcitabine alone for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND Locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)is a common malignant digestive system tumor that ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world.The prognosis of LAPC is poor even after standard treatment.Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a novel ablative strategy for LAPC.Several studies have confirmed the safety of IRE.To date,no prospective studies have been performed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of conventional gemcitabine(GEM)plus concurrent IRE.AIM To compare the therapeutic efficacy between conventional GEM plus concurrent IRE and GEM alone for LAPC.METHODS From February 2016 to September 2017,a total of 68 LAPC patients were treated with GEM plus concurrent IRE(n=33)or GEM alone(n=35).Overall survival(OS),progression free survival(PFS),and procedure-related complications were compared between the two groups.Multivariate analyses were performed to identify any prognostic factors.RESULTS There were no treatment-related deaths.The technical success rate of IRE ablation was 100%.The GEM+IRE group had a significantly longer OS from the time of diagnosis of LAPC(19.8 mo vs 9.3 mo,P<0.0001)than the GEM alone group.The GEM+IRE group had a significantly longer PFS(8.3 mo vs 4.7 mo,P<0.0001)than the GEM alone group.Tumor volume less than 37 cm3 and GEM plus concurrent IRE were identified as significant favorable factors for both the OS and PFS.CONCLUSION Gemcitabine plus concurrent IRE is an effective treatment for patients with LAPC.

Postoperative inflammation as a possible cause of portal vein thrombosis after irreversible electroporation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Portal vein thrombosis(PVT) is a rare but serious postoperative complication associated with irreversible electroporation(IRE). We report a case of postoperative PVT in a 54-year-old woman who underwent IRE for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Drain removal and discharge of the patient from the hospital were scheduled on postoperative day(POD) 7; however, a magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed the presence of PVT. We suspected postoperative inflammation in the pancreas as the main cause of PVT. However, the patient did not undergo any medical treatment because she did not have any clinical symptoms, and she was discharged on POD 8.

Arterial complication of irreversible electroporation procedure for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Irreversible electroporation(IRE) is a non-thermal ablation technique used especially in locally advanced pancreatic carcinomas that are considered surgically unresectable.We present the first case of acute superior mesenteric artery(SMA) occlusion secondary to pancreatic IRE procedure that has not been reported before in the literature.A 66-year-old man underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.IRE procedure was applied to the patient during laparotomy under general anesthesia.After finishing the procedure,an acute intestinal ischemia was detected.A conventional vascular angiography was performed and a metallic stent was successfully placed to the SMA and blood flow was maintained.It is important to be careful in such cases of tumor involvement of SMA when evaluating for IRE procedure of pancreatic tumor.

Preliminary efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Background and Objective:CybeKnife is a newly developed technology in the field of stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT).Compared with conventional SRS/SRT, there are many advantages for CyberKnife in terms of treating tumors that move with respiration, being real-time image-guidance, frameless, high accurateness, and so on.Recently, it has been used to treat different types of malignant carcinoma including intracranial and caudomedial tumors.This study was designed to evaluate the short-term efficacy and toxicity of the CyberKnife radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods:A total of 20 patients with locally advanced (stage II-III) pancreatic cancer treated with CyberKnife were recruited between April 2009 and December 2009.Of 20 patients, 13 were with cancer located at the pancreatic head and 7 were located at the pancreatic body and tail.The planning target volume (PTV) was defined as gross tumor volume (GTV) plus 2-3 mm, and more than 95% PTV should be covered by 75% isodose surface.The median of PTV was 47 cm3 (26-64 cm3).The median total prescription dose was 40 Gy (32-55 Gy) at 3-6 fractions.During treatment delivery, X-Sight Spine Tracking System was used in 5 patients to track movement of the tumor.Other 15 patients were implanted fiducials in the tumors to track movement of the tumor and patient breathing patterns.Results:The median follow-up time was 7 months (3-11 months).All patients had finished the treatment and 19 were alive by the last follow-up.Slight fatigue was the most common complain.Evaluated by CT scan, 6 were complete response, 9 were partial response, 3 were stable disease, and 1 was progression; 1 was dead.There were 6 patients with grade I granulocytopenia, 7 with grade I nausea, and 5 with grade II vomiting.Conclusions:The CyberKnife radiosurgery for the locally advanced pancreatic cancer shows a high rate of local control and minimal toxicity.Long-term follow-up is necessary to evaluate the survival and late toxicity.

Developments and challenges in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains a significant public health challenge and is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developed countries.Despite advances in cancer treatment,the 5-year survival rate for patients with PDAC remains less than 5%.In recent years,neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has emerged as a promising treatment option for many cancer types,including locally advanced PDAC,with the potential to improve patient outcomes.To analyze the role of NAT in the setting of locally advanced PDAC over the past decade,a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science.The results suggest that NAT may reduce the local mass size,promote tumor downstaging,and increase the likelihood of resection.These findings are supported by the latest evidence-based medical literature and the clinical experience of our center.Despite the potential benefits of NAT,there are still challenges that need to be addressed.One such challenge is the lack of consensus on the optimal timing and duration of NAT.Improved criteria for patient selection are needed to further identify PDAC patients likely to respond to NAT.In conclusion,NAT has emerged as a promising treatment option for locally advanced PDAC.However,further research is needed to optimize its use and to better understand the role of NAT in the management of this challenging disease.With continued advances in cancer treatment,there is hope of improving the outcomes of patients with PDAC in the future.

Optimal combination of radiofrequency ablation with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Problems have been reported in the treatment of pancreatic cancer with radiofrequency ablation(RFA), such as the friability of the organ itself. This report presents possible solutions to such problems. Although our patient suffered from locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer, she remained well at 18 mo after RFA with no evidence of recurrence. To ameliorate the side effects of RFA, after a palliative bypass procedure, the subject was treated with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After this regimen had been administered, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan confirmed that RFA is a viable approach to the treatment of pancreatic cancer as the chemoradiotherapy had resulted in marked tumor shrinkage and pancreatic fibrosis; i.e., sufficient tumor ablation was achieved without serious RFA-related complications, such as pancreatitis or pancreatic fistulae. The present case suggests that RFA combined with preceding chemoradiotherapy is safe and effective for the palliative treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Nine-year survival of a 60-year-old woman with locally advanced pancreatic cancer under repeated open approach radiofrequency ablation:A case report

BACKGROUND Radiofrequency ablation(RFA)is gaining popularity as an additional therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.RFA appears to be an attractive treatment option for patients with unresectable,locally advanced and nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old woman with 2 mo intermittent upper abdominal pains was admitted to hospital.She had undergone radical gastrectomy(Billroth II)for gastric antral cancer.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)and abdominal ultrasound displayed a primary tumor in the neck of the pancreas.Pathological examination showed that the lesion was a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.According to the results of the imaging,open approach RFA was selected to treat the primary tumor.Eight months later,CECT follow-up revealed local recurrence of the tumor,and another open RFA was performed.Although there is evidence that RFA for recurrence of other cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma may prolong patient survival,it remains unclear whether repeat RFA for local recurrence of pancreatic cancer is feasible.The patient continued to enjoy 9 years of life following the first RFA.CONCLUSION RFA of locally advanced,nonresectable,nonmetastatic,pancreatic tumor is characterized by feasibility-based treatment giving rise to tumor reduction based on improvement of quality of life.

Implantation of Radioactive ^(125)I Seeds Improves the Prognosis of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Patients:A Retrospective Study

Locally advanced pancreatic cancer is associated with a very poor prognosis. This study was performed to evaluate whether patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer benefit from 125 ^I seed implantation. This retrospective study included 224 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, with 137 patients（61.2%） in the implantation（IP） group and 87（38.9%） in the non-implantation（NIP） group. The survival status, complications and objective curative effects were compared between the groups. The average operative time in the IP group was significantly longer than that in the NIP group（243±51 vs. 214±77 min）. The tumor response rates were 9.5% and 0 at the 2nd month after surgery in the IP and NIP groups, respectively（P〈0.05）. The IP group exhibited a trend toward pain relief at the 6th month after surgery. The global health status scores of the IP group were higher than those of the NIP group at the 3rd and 6th month after surgery. The median survival time in the IP group was significantly longer than that in the NIP group. In conclusion, patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer can benefit from 125 I seed implantation in terms of local tumor control, survival time, pain relief and quality of life.

Computed tomography-based radiomic to predict resectability in locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy

BACKGROUND Surgical resection after neoadjuvant treatment is the main driver for improved survival in locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC).However,the diagnostic performance of computed tomography(CT)imaging to evaluate the residual tumour burden at restaging after neoadjuvant therapy is low due to the difficulty in distinguishing neoplastic tissue from fibrous scar or inflammation.In this context,radiomics has gained popularity over conventional imaging as a complementary clinical tool capable of providing additional,unprecedented information regarding the intratumor heterogeneity and the residual neoplastic tissue,potentially serving in the therapeutic decision-making process.AIM To assess the capability of radiomic features to predict surgical resection in LAPC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.METHODS Patients with LAPC treated with intensive chemotherapy followed by ablative radiation therapy were retrospectively reviewed.One thousand six hundred and fifty-five radiomic features were extracted from planning CT inside the gross tumour volume.Both extracted features and clinical data contribute to create and validate the predictive model of resectability status.Patients were repeatedly divided into training and validation sets.The discriminating performance of each model,obtained applying a LASSO regression analysis,was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).The validated model was applied to the entire dataset to obtain the most significant features.RESULTS Seventy-one patients were included in the analysis.Median age was 65 years and 57.8%of patients were male.All patients underwent induction chemotherapy followed by ablative radiotherapy,and 19(26.8%)ultimately received surgical resection.After the first step of variable selections,a predictive model of resectability was developed with a median AUC for training and validation sets of 0.862(95%CI:0.792-0.921)and 0.853(95%CI:0.706-0.960),respectively.The validated model was applied to the entire dataset and 4 features were selected to build the model with predictive performance as measured using AUC of 0.944(95%CI:0.892-0.996).CONCLUSION The present radiomic model could help predict resectability in LAPC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy,potentially integrating clinical and morphological parameters in predicting surgical resection.

Role of neoadjuvant therapy for nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer:Current evidence and future perspectives

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most common and lethal human cancers worldwide.Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy offers the best chance of a long-term survival for patients with PDAC,although only approximately 20%of the patients have resectable tumors when diagnosed.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)is recommended for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.Several studies have investigated the role of NACT in treating resectable tumors based on the recent advances in PDAC biology,as NACT provides the potential benefit of selecting patients with favorable tumor biology and controls potential micro-metastases in high-risk patients with resectable PDAC.In such challenging cases,new potential tools,such as ct-DNA and molecular targeted therapy,are emerging as novel therapeutic options that may improve old paradigms.This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of NACT in treating non-metastatic pancreatic cancer while focusing on future perspectives in light of recent evidence.

Modulated electro-hyperthermia in stage III and IV pancreatic cancer:Results of an observational study on 158 patients

BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies report the beneficial effects of regional hyperthermia in association with chemotherapy(CHT)and radiotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer;in particular,the use of modulated electrohyperthermia(mEHT)results in increased survival and tumor response.AIM To compare outcomes of CHT alone or in association with mEHT for the treatment of stage III and IV pancreatic cancer.METHODS This was an observational retrospective study;data were collected for patients with stage III-IV pancreatic cancer that were treated with CHT alone or in combination with mEHT from 2003 to 2019.A total of 158 patients were included in the study out 270 patients screened in four Italian hospitals;58(37%)of these received CHT+mEHT and 100(63%)CHT.CHT was mainly gemcitabine-based regimens in both groups.RESULTS Overall(19.5 mo vs 11.02 mo,P<0.001)and progression-free(12 mo vs 3 mo,P<0.001)survival were better for the CHT+mEHT group compared to the CHT group.The association of mEHT resulted also in an improvement of tumor response with disease control rate 95%vs 58%(P<0.001)at 3 mo.Toxicity was comparable in the two study groups,and mEHT related adverse events were limited in 8 patients presenting G1-2 skin burns.CONCLUSION The addition of mEHT to systemic CHT improved overall and progression-free survival and local tumor control with comparable toxicity.

Reconstruction of the hepatic artery with the middle colic artery is feasible in distal pancreatectomy with celiac axis resection: A case report

Despite the advance of diagnostic modalities, carcinoma in the body and tail of the pancreas are commonly presented at a late stage. With unresectable lesions, long-term survival is extremely rare, and surgery remains the only curative option for pancreatic cancer. An aggressive approach by applying extended distal pancreatectomy with the resection of the celiac axis may increase the resectability and analgesic effect but great care must be taken with the arterial blood supply to the liver and stomach. Sometimes, accidental injury to the pancreatoduodenal artery compromises collateral blood flow and leads to fatal complications. Therefore, knowledge of any alternative restoration of the compromised collateral flow before surgery is essential. The present case report shows a patient with a pancreatic body cancer in whom the splenic, celiac, and common hepatic arteries were involved with the tumor, which extended almost to the root of the gastroduodenal artery. We modified the procedure by reanastomosis between the proper hepatic artery and middle colic artery without vascular graft. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on post-operative day 19. The patient was immediately free of epigastric and back pain.

Intestinal autotransplantation:the next level of complexity in locally advanced pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)remains a devastating disease,and selecting patients who might benefit from complex arterial resection continues to be a challenge.However,in the era of modern multimodal treatments,surgery for pancreatic cancer has become increasingly safe.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens such as modified-FOLFIRINOX(mFOLFIRINOX)and nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine are effective in a significant proportion of patients.

Radiofrequency Ablation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An Evolving Comrade?

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a challenge for the surgeon due to its aggressiveness and to the stagnation of the management options in cases where complete resection is not feasible. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in PDAC is described by a few studies as a promising technique. Methods: We present our 12 years’ experience in locally advanced unresectable PDAC with a series of 19 patients. The mean age was 66.8 years. The mean tumour diameter was 8.1 cm. In all patients, RFA was performed during laparotomy using Cooltip©, in some with IOUS monitoring, followed by palliative bypass procedures. Results: The postoperative period was relatively uneventful. A repeat CT showed remarkable changes in the size and morphology of the tumour. We observed significant improvement in pain relief. The mean survival with the RFA was 19.3 months (6 - 30 months). Conclusions: Our series suggest that RFA for locally advanced and unresectable PDAC in carefully selected patients (excluding multifocal disease) presents a promising, effective and safe associate for the surgeon. RFA plays a complimentary role to current standard palliative therapy, which may prolong survival and improve quality of life. Whether the laparoscopic approach or other non-invasive methods are feasible, will be a challenge for the following years.

腹腔镜下根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术与脻体尾切除术治疗胰体尾癌的效果分析

目的 分析腹腔镜下根治性顺行模块化胰脾切除术(LRAMPS)与脻体尾切除术(DPS)治疗胰体尾癌的效果。方法 选择该院2018年6月至2022年6月肝胆胰脾外科收治的86例胰体尾癌患者临床资料,根据患者所选术式不同分为LRAMPS组(40例)和DPS组(46例),比较两组手术情况、术后预后情况等。对两组随访至2022年12月,分析两组生存情况。结果 两组患者均顺利完成手术,住院期间无死亡病例。LRAMPS组术中出血量少于DPS组(P<0.05),术后24 h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于DPS组(P<0.05),R0切除率高于DPS组(P<0.05)。两组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对两组随访6~54个月,LRAMPS组复发率及肝转移率显著低于DPS组(P<0.05)。LRAMPS组术后中位生存期为18.5个月,DPS组为12.2个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LRAMPS组术后18、24、36、48、54个月的存活率显著高于DPS组(P<0.05)。结论 DPS与LRAMPS治疗胰体尾癌的近期预后情况并无明显差异,但LRAMPS可减少患者术中出血量,减轻患者术后疼痛。在长期预后方面,LRAMPS较DPS治疗效果更佳,能有效延长患者生存期间,提高患者存活率,改善患者预后。

FOLFIRINOX方案与GNP方案新辅助化疗对潜在可切除和局部晚期胰腺癌疗效比较的Meta分析

目的系统评价FOLFIRINOX方案与白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合吉西他滨(GNP)方案新辅助化疗用于治疗潜在可切除/局部晚期胰腺癌(BRPC/LAPC)的有效性和安全性,为临床治疗提供依据。方法通过计算机检索多个中英文数据库,时间范围设定为从建库时间至2023年11月31日,收集FOLFIRINOX方案与GNP方案治疗BRPC/LAPC的有效性和安全性数据。采用Rev Man 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果FOLFIRINOX组比GNP组的无进展生存期更长,但疾病进展发生率高于GNP组(P<0.05);两组在总生存、完全缓解、部分缓解、疾病稳定、客观缓解率、疾病控制率上的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。FOLFIRINOX组的总体贫血、3~4级贫血、总体疲劳、3~4级疲劳发生率均低于GNP组(P<0.05);而3~4级腹泻、总体周围神经病变、3~4级周围神经病变发生率高于GNP组(P<0.05)。结论目前BRPC/LAPC的两种一线化疗方案比较,FOLFIRINOX方案比GNP方案的无进展生存期更长,但疾病进展发生率更高;FOLFIRINOX的毒副作用主要为贫血与疲劳,GNP的毒副作用主要为腹泻和周围神经病变。

射波刀治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的临床疗效分析

背景与目的:射波刀(CyberKnife)是一种肿瘤立体定向放射外科治疗(SRS/SRT)领域的新技术,具有同步呼吸追踪、实时影像引导、无框架定位及高精确度等优势,近年来已被应用在全身肿瘤的治疗上。本文回顾性分析射波刀立体定向放射治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的临床疗效及其不良反应。方法:2009年03月—2010年08月,接受射波刀治疗的局部晚期胰腺癌32例,年龄45～79岁,临床分期Ⅱ期12例,Ⅲ期20例;胰头癌19例,胰体尾癌13例。胰腺癌计划靶体积29～124 cm3,中位52 cm3,计划靶体积为肿瘤体积外放2～3 mm,分割3～6次,总剂量40～55 Gy,中位剂量45 Gy,72%等剂量面必须包括95%以上计划靶体积。32例患者全部采用肿瘤内植入金标的同步呼吸追踪技术(Synchrony),治疗后评估疗效和不良反应。结果:所有患者治疗耐受性良好,主要不良反应表现为乏力、恶心、呕吐。随访时间4～30个月(中位时间16个月),12例患者存活,CT复查结果完全缓解(CR)6例,部分缓解(PR)17例,稳定(SD)6例,进展(PR)2例,有效率(CR+PR)为74.2%,1年生存率为53.1%。无3级血液学毒性及4级非血液学毒性发生。结论:采用射波刀进行立体定向放射治疗局部晚期胰腺癌近期疗效显著,安全性好,远期疗效需进一步随访。

盐酸吉西他滨联合伽玛射线立体定向体部放疗治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的临床研究

目的:观察盐酸吉西他滨联合伽玛射线立体定向体部放疗治疗不能手术的局部晚期胰腺癌的疗效及安全性。方法:205例不能手术切除的胰腺癌患者按治疗方法分为3组:A组67例为盐酸吉西他滨联合立体定向放射治疗组,B组72例为单用立体定向放射治疗组,C组66例为单用盐酸吉西他滨治疗组。盐酸吉西他滨1000mg/m2,第1、8天静脉输注,21-28天为1个周期,治疗4-6周期。联合治疗组第一周期化疗的第1天同步行伽玛射线立体定向体部放疗,等剂量曲线为55%-70%,肿瘤≤5cm的单次周边剂量4.0-5.5Gy,肿瘤>5cm的单次周边剂量3.0-4.0Gy,治疗总剂量为32-48Gy,治疗次数8-12次,5次/周。结果:2个月后增强CT复查肿瘤病灶。A组肿瘤病灶治疗有效率(RR)为32.8%(22/67),疾病控制率(DCR)为86.6%(58/67),临床受益反应为86.6%(58/67),中位生存时间(MST)为12.3个月(范围4-42个月),1年生存率为49.3%(33/67),治疗期间常见毒副反应为白细胞、血小板下降及消化道反应;B组RR为18.1%(13/72),DCR为68.1%(49/72),临床受益反应为66.7%(48/72),MST为8.6个月(范围4-30个月),1年生存率为31.9%(23/72),治疗期间常见毒副反应为恶心及呕吐;C组RR为13.6%(9/66),DCR为66.7%(44/66),临床受益反应为48.5%(32/66),MST为7.8个月(范围3-22个月),1年生存率为28.8%(19/66),治疗期间常见毒副反应为白细胞、血小板下降。盐酸吉西他滨联合立体定向放射治疗组的近期疗效(RR)及远期疗效(1年生存率)均优于单用立体定向放射治疗组(P=0.045;P=0.038)或单用盐酸吉西他滨(P=0.009;P=0.016)。结论:盐酸吉西他滨单药联合伽玛射线立体定向体部放疗治疗不能手术的局部晚期胰腺癌具有较好的疗效和安全性。

替吉奥同步放疗治疗局部晚期和复发性胰腺癌的Ⅱ期临床试验

目的探讨低剂量替吉奥同步放疗治疗局部晚期和复发性胰腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法收集16例经病理检查证实或符合临床诊断标准的局部晚期胰腺癌患者或术后复发患者，应用15MV直线加速器，肿瘤大体靶区（GTV）为肿瘤组织和转移淋巴结，临床靶区（CTV）=GTV，淋巴引流区不行预防性照射。计划靶区（PTV）=GTV＋1．0em，95％PTV接受总放疗剂量50．4Gy·28次^-1·5．5周。（单次剂量为1．8Gy）外放疗。同时予替吉奥40rag／次，每天1次，治疗前2．5～3．5h（中位数为3h）口服，1周5d。放疗结束4周后复查CT测量病灶体积改变，检测肿瘤标志物水平，用实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准（response evaluation criteria in solid tumors，RECIST）评价治疗效果，根据国立癌症研究所的常规毒性判定标准（NCICTCAE3．0）评价毒副反应。结果共入组16例患者，均完成放化疗。治疗有效率为3／16，肿瘤控制率为12／16。最常见的毒副反应为恶心（13／16）。无3度及以上骨髓抑制。所有毒副反应均属能够耐受范围。结论对局部晚期和复发胰腺癌，低剂量替吉奥同步放疗增敏是一种安全的同步选择。其毒副反应少，局控效果较好，但远期效果还有待观察。