A regionalized IO-model to value seasonal recreational ecosystem services in a mountain National Park in Spain

Recreational Ecosystem Services(RES)are among the most frequently evaluated ecosystem services.RES are seen as a major opportunity for sustainable development in areas of high ecological value resulting from the presence of emblematic species,habitats or scenery,often integrated in conservation areas,in particular in mountain areas affected by depopulation,rising environmental risks and poverty.Economically,the assessment of RES has been based on Contingent Valuation and Choice Experiments,methods with limitations related to their subjectivity.Alternatively,Input-Output(IO)models provide a very accurate and effective way of valuation of RES with regional information regarding interindustry transactions.Whilst data on nature tourist expenditure may be only available annually,tourism inflows have a strong seasonal behavior,which impacts the profitability of several local economic activities.In this paper,we firstly constructed a novel regionalized IO-model based on Cross-Industry Location Quotients using employment data and,secondly,based on Monte Carlo simulation,we estimated nature tourist expenditure monthly using data on nature tourism inflows.This method allowed for a more precise RES evaluation,estimating direct,indirect and induced monthly economic impacts of nature-based tourism.The method was applied to the Ordesa and Monte Perdido(OMP)National Park in the Spanish Pyrenees.To estimate the average tourist expenditure,we collected and analyzed spending on commerce,hospitality and restaurants,leisure,and transport of 385 visitors.Results suggest that using a regionalized IO model leads to a considerable reduction of over-estimation of the economic impact of tourist expenditure estimated by conventional methods.Taking into consideration the direct,indirect and induced effects of tourist expenditure in 2016-2018,the total annual output effect in the OMP National Park amounted to€208.8 million,while the total income effect amounted to€86.29 million.Also,a total of 2,429 jobs were created which indicates that for each thousand annual visitors to the National Park,3.8 jobs are created in the surrounding area.Overall,the proposed methodology can be easily applied to the remaining National Parks in Spain or other regions in the world,making it a valuable tool to estimate the value of RES in areas affects by strong seasonality,to set priorities and support regional policies for mountain sustainable development.

Spatial Patterns of Car Sales and Their Socio-economic Attributes in China

Using data from the Economic Advisory Center of the State Information Center(SIC), we examined the spatial patterns of car sales in China at the prefectural level in 2012. We first analyzed the spatial distributions of car sales of different kinds of automakers(foreign automakers, Sino-foreign joint automakers, and Chinese automakers), and then identified spatial clusters using the local Moran's indexes. Location quotient analysis was applied to examine the relative advantage of each type of automaker in the local markets. To explain the variations of car sales across cities, we collected several socioeconomic variables and conducted regression analyses. Further, factor analysis was used to extract independent variables to avoid the problem of multicollinearity. By incorporating a spatial lag or spatial error in the models, we calibrated our spatial regression models to address the spatial dependence problem. The analytical results show that car sales varied significantly across cities in China, and most of the cities with higher car sales were the developed cities. Different automakers exhibit diverse spatial patterns in terms of car sales volume, spatial clusters, and location quotients. The scale and incomes factor were extracted and verified as the two most significant and positive factors that shape the spatial distributions of car sales, and together with the spatial effect, explained most of the variations of car sales across cities.

Employment Effect of the Resource-abundant Industrial Cluster in Southwestern Region of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China——A Case of Chongzuo City

Taking Chongzuo City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example, the employment effect of the resource-abundant industrial cluster in southwestern Guangxi Province is analyzed according to the data from the Chongzuo Statistical Yearbook , Guangxi Statistical Yearbook from 2003 to 2008 and the data from the relevant sections of Chongzuo City, and the four employment effects of industrial cluster--the spatial expansion effect of employment chain, optimizing effect of employment structure, the multiplier effect of employment absorption and the effect of improving the quality of labors and the degree of the intensity of employment and location quotient of employment. Results show that the employment absorption of sugar industry in Chongzuo City is stable and upward slightly, and it shows strong employment effect; the sugar industry in Chongzuo is not only competitive, but also has a great share of market in employment, so it owns strong absorption of employment. The countermeasures for improving the employment level of resource-abundant and industrial cluster in southwest of Guangxi Province are put forward, including elongating industrial chain and widening employment space; strengthening various kinds of formal and informal training to improve the employment capability of laborers; laying stress on industrial structure and optimizing the employment structure; strengthening the construction of the industrial economic zone towards ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations), and fully displaying the regional advantages of the offshore border.

Modeling and Dynamic Analysis for the Foundation of a Blade-Rotor System

In order to achieve the model-based fault monitoring and diagnosis,an accurate model for the rotor system is necessary to locate and quantify faults.Since the dynamic characteristics of a blade-rotor system is influenced by foundation flexibility,the modeling and dynamic analyses on the foundation were sequentially investigated.Firstly,the effect of element size on the model convergence was investigated using the forward difference quotient as the slope of the frequency difference,which found that the model converged when the element size refined to 4mm.Secondly,a modal analysis and a harmonic response analysis were performed to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the foundation structure.Finally,an optimization to the foundation utilizing an additional stiffener was conducted to reduce the foundation response and make the critical speed far away from the working frequency band of 20—50Hz.

Research on Tourism Agglomeration: A Case Study of Hainan Province, China

On the basis of analyzing yearly data and spatial relationships between tourism spots, star hotels and travel agencies of Hainan Province, and comparing all the methods of measuring industrial spatial agglomeration, this paper chose Hefindahl index, Location Quotient, nearest neighbor index, spatial connection index and geographic concentration index to measure Hainan tourism agglomeration. By applying these methods, total tourism agglomeration, agglomeration of tourism factors and regional agglomeration differences were studied. The results showed that the overall agglomeration increases as time flows, and the eastern part is the most agglomerated, the west takes the second, with the middle ranking the least. The large-scale agglomeration regions are Sanya and Haikou. The influencing factors of Hainan tourism spatial agglomeration were concluded as tourism resource endowment, industrial attributes, geographic conditions, governmental policies and the overall economic development level, etc. In addition, the paper proposed tourism spatial agglomeration modes of Hainan Province at various spatial scales.

Effects of Environmental Resources on Industrial Agglomeration

Firstly,agriculture,industry and tourism in the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Bohai Economic Rim were chosen to represent the primary,secondary and tertiary industries respectively,and industrial agglomeration in the three economic zones was analyzed using location quotient coefficient method.Afterwards,the critical factors influencing industrial agglomeration were discussed using gray correlation analysis.The results showed that industrial agglomeration of agriculture,industry and tourism formed gradually in the three economic zones,and the critical factors influencing industrial agglomeration were human capital,science and technology progress,and natural resources.Meanwhile,environmental pollution affected and restricted the development of industrial agglomeration.

Competitiveness of the Kelp Industry Cluster in Rongcheng City,Shandong Province

In order to study the development status of kelp industry in Rongcheng in recent years, the centralization degree of kelp industry clusters and the comparative advantage of kelp industry in Rongcheng, Xiapu and Jinpu from 2010 to 2020 were compared and analyzed by indicators such as location quotient index, industrial agglomeration index, coefficient of concentration, scale advantage index, efficiency advantage index, and comprehensive advantage index, and the deep-seated factors affecting the competitiveness of kelp industry in Rongcheng were analyzed. Meanwhile, measures of improving the competitiveness of the kelp industry cluster in Rongcheng were put forward.

An Empirical Research of Producer Services＇ Cluster Development To Regional Industrial Structure Optimization And Upgrading --Based on the Research of 16 central cities＇ Panel Data in Yangtze River Delta

Based on the 16 central cities＇ Panel Data in Yangtze River Delta, location quotient index is used in this paper to measure and analyze the current cluster situation of producer services in Yangtze River Delta, fixed effects model of Panel Data model is also used in this paper, and the industrial structure is taken as the dependent variable, while the core explanatory variables is the degree of producer services＇ cluster development, which is calculated by location quotient, moreover, three control variables introduced in this paper and they are technology advantage, education level and R＆D spending, and the mentioned above is to empirically study the impacts of producer services＇ cluster development to the regional industrial structure. As a result, producer services＇ cluster development has a significant positive role in promoting the regional industrial structure optimization and upgrading, though the extent is not yet a big push and is still to be further strengthened. In this paper, it has provided a strong evidence that under China＇ s new normal economy, producer services is badly needed to promote regional industrial structure, and finally it makes specific suggestions based on the current cluster situation of producer services in Yangtze River Delta.

Study on the Development of Northwestern China's Economy

Through scientific researches and analysis of large quantities of detailed data of Northwestern China’s (NWC). The article illustrates position and present situation and advantages of NWC in Chinese economic developing, and studies the development opportvnities and challenges facing the NWC. factly, on the basic of the above analysic. The paper puts forword the development model and development means in the NWC.