A novel dual-channel thermo-optic locking method for the whispering gallery mode microresonator

Mode locking can be effectively achieved by using the thermo-optic effects in the whispering gallery mode(WGM)optical microcavity,without the help of external equipment.Therefore,it has the advantages of small size,low integration costs,and self-locking,which shows great potential for application.However,the conventional single-channel microcavity thermal-locking method that relies solely on internal thermal balance will inevitably be disturbed by the external environment.This limitation affects the locking time and stability.Therefore,in this paper,we propose a new method for closed-loop thermal locking of a dual-channel microcavity.The thermal locking of the signal laser and the thermal regulation of the control laser are carried out respectively by synchronously drawing a dual-path tapered fiber.The theoretical model of the thermal dynamics of the dual-channel microcavity system is established,and the influence of the control-laser power on the thermal locking of the signal laser is confirmed.The deviation between the locking voltage of the signal laser and the set point value is used as a closed-loop feedback parameter to achieve long-term and highly stable mode locking of the signal laser.The results show that in the 2.63 h thermal-locking test,the locking stability is an order of magnitude higher than that of the single tapered fiber.This solution addresses the issue of thermal locking being disrupted by the external environment,and offers new possibilities for important applications such as spectroscopy and micro-optical sensor devices.

Unlocking Cellular Mysteries:Advancements in Single-Cell Omics Analysis with Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling

The widespread applications of single-cell technologies have generated a large amount of single-cell data,resulting in a growing need for single-cell data analysis and interpretation methods.While methods such as machine learning allow for single-cell data analysis,they cannot interpret the data very well.

Early Treatment Outcome of Humeral Shaft Fracture Non-Union in Adults: Comparative Study of Plating versus Interlocking Nailing

Background: Fractures of humeral shaft in adults are common injuries. Humeral shafts non-union either from late presentation after initial treatment by traditional bone setters or failed non-operative orthodox care is a major problem in this part of the world. This non-union is a major treatment challenge with increased cost of care and morbidity in this part of the world. Humeral shaft non-union can be treated with locked intra-medullary nailing (LIMN) or dynamic compression plating (DCP). Study on comparison of these methods of fixation in this part of the world is scarce in literature search, hence the reason for this study. Objective: The objectives of this study are: (1) to compare early clinical outcome following fixation of humeral shaft fracture nonunion with DCP versus LIMN;(2) to compare the time of radiologic fracture union of DCP with LIMN;(3) to compare complications following fixation of humeral shaft fracture nonunion with DCP versus LIMN. Patients and Methods: This was a randomized control study done for 2 years in which fifty adult patients with humeral shaft non-union were recruited. The patients were grouped into 2 (P = DCP & N = LIMN). Forty five of the patients completed the follow up periods of the study and then analyzed. The P group had ORIF with DCP while the N group had ORIF with LIMN. Both groups had grafting with cancellous bones. Each patient was followed up for a period of 6 months at the time which radiographic union is expected. Any patient without clinical and/or radiographic evidence of union after six months of surgery was diagnosed as having recurrent non-union. The data generated was analyzed using SPSS Version 23. The results were presented in charts and tables. The paired t-test was used while considering p value Result: Forty five patients completed follow up. There was a male preponderance (4:1), right humerus predominated (3:2). Motor vehicular accidents were the commonest cause of the fractures (62%). Most non-union fractures occurred at the level of the middle 3rd of the humeral shaft (60%). Failed TBS treatment was the commonest indication for the osteosynthesis (71%). More patients had plating (53%) compared to 47% who had LIMN. Most patients (93.4%) had union between 3 to 6 months irrespective of fixation type with no significant statistical difference between the union rate of DCP and LIMN (p value 0.06) with similar functional outcome and complication rates irrespective of the type of fixation. Conclusion: This study showed that the success rates in term of fracture union, outcome functional grades and complication rates were not directly dependent on the types of the fixation: plating or locked intra-medullary nailing.

Locking plates for distal fibula fractures in young and elderly patients:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Ankle fractures are common injuries in the young and elderly populations.To prevent post-traumatic arthritis,an anatomic reconstruction of the ankle structure is mandatory.Open reduction and internal fixation is the treatment of choice among orthopaedics.Conventional plates allow stability of the fracture if bone quality is present.Locking plates might offer an advantage for the treatment of lateral malleolar fracture in patients with comminution,severe instability,distal fractures,or osteoporotic bone.Our hospital introduced a new locking plate for fracture of the distal fibula.AIM To evaluate locking plates in terms of outcomes and complications in young and elderly patients.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a total of 67 patients treated for displaced distal fibula fractures.Demographic data,number of comorbidities,use of inter fragmentary screw,complication,time of fracture healing,partial or full weight bearing,and reoperation were recorded for all patients.Clinical outcome was assessed by the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society clinical scoring system.Radiographs were obtained at 4,8,12,16,20,and 24 wk until radiographic union was obtained.RESULTS All patients displayed complete bony union on radiographic assessment,and no patients developed any serious complications.We observed two superficial infections,one delayed wound healing,and two plate intolerances.Significant differences were observed between the two age groups in terms of radiographic healing(11.9 wk in younger patients vs 13.7 wk in older patients;P=0.011)and in the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score at 6 mo after surgery(88.2 in younger patients vs 86.0 in older patients;P=0.001)and at 12 mo after surgery(92.6 in younger patients vs 90.0 in older patients;P=0.000).CONCLUSION Locking plates provide a stable and rigid fixation in multifragmentary and comminuted fractures or in the presence of poor bone quality.

Perspectives of spin-valley locking devices

Valleytronics is an emerging field of research which utilizes the valley degree of freedom to encode information.However,it is technically nontrivial to produce a stable valley polarization and to achieve efficient control and manipulation of valleys.Spin–valley locking refers to the coupling between spin and valley degrees of freedom in the materials with large spin–orbit coupling(SOC)and enables the manipulation of valleys indirectly through controlling spins.Here,we review the recent advances in spin–valley locking physics and outline possible device implications.In particular,we focus on the spin–valley locking induced by SOC and external electric field in certain two-dimensional materials with inversion symmetry and demonstrate the intriguing switchable valley–spin polarization,which can be utilized to design the promising electronic devices,namely,valley-spin valves and logic gates.

Knee locking caused by osteochondroma of the proximal tibia adjacent to the pes anserinus:A case report

BACKGROUND Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign bone tumors,and it may cause bone and joint deformities and limited range of motion of an adjacent joint.The pes anserinus region is one of the most frequent sites of osteochondroma,but knee locking caused by osteochondromas in the pes anserinus region is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 13-year-old Japanese girl’s extra-articular knee locking that occurred when the semitendinosus tendon got caught in osteochondroma that had developed in the pes anserinus region.The osteochondroma was surgically resected.The postoperative outcome has been excellent,with no recurrence of knee locking or tumor one-year post-surgery.CONCLUSION When a young person develops knee locking,the possibility of extra-articular as well as intra-articular locking should be considered.Osteochondroma,one of the causes of extra-articular locking,can be treated with surgery with good postoperative results.

Triggering,clicking,locking and crepitus of the finger:A comprehensive overview

Triggering,locking,clicking,and crepitus of the fingers are common symptoms patients present with.Even though crepitus and triggering can occur as part of the same underlying diagnosis,it is important to differentiate between them,as they usually indicate different possible diagnoses.The differential diagnoses that should be considered include trigger finger,metacarpophalangeal joint(MCPJ)arthritis,fractures or dislocations,extensor digitorum communis subluxation or dislocation,locked MCPJ,avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head,and Dupuytren’s disease.A thorough clinical examination with appropriate special investigations can permit the clinician to make the correct diagnosis.Appropriate management of a confirmed diagnosis is successful in providing symptomatic improvement.

Unlocking the Brain’s Gateway to Methamphetamine Addiction

What secret molecular key enables methamphetamine,or meth for short,to ruthlessly hijack the brain’s reward system,leading countless individuals down spiral paths of addiction?Thanks to innovative research reported this month in Nature,we finally have critical clues.

Fixation of Calcaneal Tuberosity Beavis II Fracture in Elderly Patients Using Locking Plate Combined with Tension Screw

Background:Calcaneus is the largest bone of foot and the main load-bearing structure of heel.The incidence of simple calcaneal tubercle avulsion fracture is low,accounting for about 1%to 3%of all calcaneal fractures.Beavis II fracture has large bone fracture,obvious displacement,obvious soft tissue irritation,and often leads to skin necrosis.It needs surgical treatment,reduction and fixation as soon as possible.Although open reduction and tension screw internal fixation is used for Beavis II calcaneal tubercle fracture,but the failure rate is more common.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the surgical treatment of calcaneal tubercle Beavis II fracture over 55 years old in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2019.The patients were treated with tension screw combined with locking plate,and followed up and analyzed.Results:12 patients in this group were followed up for 12 to 36 months(mean 20 months).After operation,the fracture healed smoothly in all patients,the healing time was 8 to 12 weeks(mean 10.7 weeks),and there were no complications such as poor incision healing,fracture displacement,internal fixation loosening,fracture and so on.When the patients were followed up 18 weeks after operation,the AOFAS score was 47 to 100,with an average of 91.1,of which 8 cases were excellent,3 good and 1 poor,with an excellent and good rate of 91.7%.Conclusion:Our hospital has been treated with tension screw combined with locking plate,fixed firmly,can early functional exercise,achieved good results.

An injection-locking diode laser at 671 nm with a wide tuning range up to 6 GHz

We present a compact injection-locking diode laser module to generate 671 nm laser light with a high output power up to 150 m W.The module adopts a master-slave injection-locking scheme,and the injection-locking state is monitored using the transmission spectrum from a Fabry-Perot interferometer.Beat frequency spectrum measurement shows that the injection-locked slave laser has no other frequency components within the 150-MHz detection bandwidth.It is found that without additional electronic feedback,the slave laser can follow the master laser over a wide range of 6 GHz.All the elements of the module are commercially available,which favors fast construction of a complete 671-nm laser system for the preparation of cold^(6)Li atoms with only one research-grade diode laser as the seeding source.

克服“Locking”发散性的有限元研究进展

从克服Ｌｏｃｋｉｎｇ发散性到高性能格式的研究发展是过去十年有限元法研究的一个重要方面．本文认为所谓高性能有限元方法是一种特别的低阶位移格式，它具有如下的理论和计算优点：（１）保持物理力学问题固有的数学物理特征；（２）因此，应用于工程数值模拟，它是“鲁棒”的、高效的．按此立场，评论介绍了在计算结构力学和计算流体力学中发展的克服两类Ｌｏｃｋｉｎｇ发散性的有限元方法．

LOCKING-FREE DEGENERATED ISOPARAMETRIC SHELL ELEMENT

An 8-noded locking-free degenerated isoparametric shell element is presented. A revised interpolation for shear strain terms was constructed in natural co-ordinate system such that all necessary modes (translation, rotation and constant curvature) are preserved, which can be used to eliminate shear locking. A revised interpolation for membrane strains was produced in the local Cartesian co-ordinate system to overcome membrane locking behavior. The new 8-noded element has the proper rank, with the requisite number of zero eigenvalues each associated with a rigid mode. The element does not exhibit membrane or shear locking for large span-thickness ratio. The element does not form element mechanisms or extra spurious zero energy modes. Therefore, it can be used for both thin and thick shells.

The Posteroanterior Locking for the Distal Humerus Nailing. Is It a Viable Option?

The distal interlocking is regarded as an inherent part of the antegrade humeral nailing technique. Traditionally the distal locking of intramedullary humeral nails is achieved using a freehand technique. The humerus nailing locking options in the conventional nailing systems are placed in the anterior-posterior and lateral-medial directions. It exposes both the patient and surgeon to radiation, is time consuming, and has a potential risk of damaging neurovascular structures, especially the radial and lateral cutaneous nerve when the anterior-posterior and lateral-medial locking constructs are used. We aim to present a technical tip to ease the distal locking procedure and avoid the possible neurovascular complications with the existing nailing systems.

A New Intramedulary Locking Plate for the Osteotomy of the V. Metatarsal in the Correction of the Tailors Bunion. Midterm Results of 21 Patients

Background: Since we are very successful in the operation of hallux valgus using a transverse sub-capital osteotomy fixated with an intramedullary angle-stable locking plate, and a tailors bunion is understood as a reversed hallux valgus, we have applied the operation also for such indication. Method: The osteotomy was carried out at a straight V. metatarsal subcapitally, and in case of an outwardly curved V. metatarsal at the bending location. The intramedullary plates are available in different designs and the plate and screws disappear completely in the bone, so the soft tissues are not disturbed. The head of the plate is either straight or curved in order to shift the distal fragment sufficiently. Results: 26 patients were operated within a period of 5 years (2008-2012). 21 patients were followed up after an average of 34.4 months. The IM angle IV/V could be improved by an average of 11.76 to an average of 4.10. This is a highliy significant pre- to postoperative difference of 7.66 (t = 15.07, p < 0.001). The AOFAS score was improved by an average of 42.24 points from 55.76 points preoperatively to 98.00 points postoperative. There was no pseudo-arthrosis and no wound healing impairment. All patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with the surgery. Conclusion: This method does not have the disadvantages of the other common operations of the Tailors bunion and is applied now as a standard method in this deformity.

Volar locking distal radius plates show better short-term results than other treatment options: A prospective randomised controlled trial

AIM To compare the outcomes of displaced distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plates and with immediate postoperative mobilisation with the outcomes of these fractures treated with modalities that necessitate 6 wk wrist immobilisation.METHODS A prospective, randomised controlled single-centre trial was conducted with 56 patients who had a displaced radius fracture were randomised to treatment either with a volar locking plate(n = 29), or another treatment modality(n = 27; cast immobilisation with or without wires or external fixator). Outcomes were measured at 12 wk. Functional outcome scores measured were the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation(PRWE) Score; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and activities of daily living(ADLs). Clinical outcomes were wrist range of motion and grip strength. Radiographic parameters were volar inclination and ulnar variance.RESULTS Patients in the volar locking plate group had significantly better PRWE scores, ADL scores, grip strength and range of extension at three months compared with the control group. All radiological parameters were significantly better in the volar locking plate group at 3 mo. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that volar locking plates produced significantly better functional and clinical outcomes at 3 mo compared with other treatment modalities. Anatomical reduction was significantly more likely to be preserved in the plating group. Level of evidence: Ⅱ.

Structure Analysis of Locking Mechanism of Gear-Rack Typed Ship-Lift

Contact nonlinear theory was researched. Contact problem was transformed into optimization problem containing Lagrange multiplier, and unsymmetrical stiffness matrix was transformed into symmetrical stiffness matrix. A finite element analysis （FEA） model defining more than 300 contact pairs for long nut-short screw locking mechanism of a large-scale vertical gear-rack typed ship-lift was built. Using augmented Lagrange method and symmetry algorithm of contact element stiffness, the FEA model was analyzed, and the contact stress of contact interfaces and the von Mises stress of key parts were obtained. The results show that the design of the locking mechanism meets the requirement of engineering, and this method is effective for solving large stole nonlinear contact pairs.

Locking compression plate+T-type steel plate for postoperative weight bearing and functional recovery in complex tibial plateau fractures

Complex tibial plateau fractures can seriously affect quality of life and physical and mental health of patients.The anatomical relationship between the proximal tibial bone and soft tissue is complex,resulting in different types of tibial plateau fractures.Violent trauma can lead to displaced fracture,serious soft tissue injury,and potentially,dislocation of the knee joint.Therefore,tibial plateau fractures are extremely unstable.AIM To assess the use of locking compression plate(LCP)+T-type steel plate for postoperative weight bearing and functional recovery of complex tibial plateau fractures.METHODS Ninety-seven patients with complex tibial plateau fractures who underwent surgery at our hospital were selected for retrospective study.Forty-nine patients had been treated with LCP+T-type steel plate limited internal fixation(study group),and 48 patients with bilateral ordinary steel plate support(control group).The operation process index,postoperative rehabilitation related index,Rasmussen score of the knee joint,tibial plateau varus angle(TPA),tibial plateau retroversion angle(PA),and surgical complications of the two groups were compared.RESULTS The operation time and intraoperative bone graft volume in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in surgical bleeding,anterior external incision length,postoperative drainage,hospital stay duration,and fracture healing time between the groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the TPA and PA angle between the groups immediately and 18 mo after surgery(P>0.05).At 12 mo after surgery,the Rasmussen scale score was higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the Rasmussen scale score at 18 mo after surgery,and the radiology score at 12 and 18 mo after surgery,between the two groups(P>0.05).The postoperative complication rate in the study group(3.77%)was lower than that in the control group(15.09%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION LCP+T-type steel plate internal fixation has advantages in terms of minimizing trauma and enabling early postoperative functional exercise,promoting functional recovery and lower limb weight-bearing,and reducing postoperative complications.

Simulation and Analysis of Flexible Solar Panels' Deployment and Locking Processes

To predict the attitude of satellite during the whole deployment process and evaluate the locking impact, a numerical flexible model of a certain satellite associated with four flexible honeycomb solar panels was established. The flexible solar panel was modeled by the finite element analysis (FEA), and the motion equations were derived by Lagrangian formulation. The locking process was based on the method of Hertzian contact, which enables one to predict the locking impact on the satellite and the subsequent oscillation of solar panels. The results reveal that locking operation has great impact on the attitude of the satellite, and the angular acceleration of satellite reaches 22.03°/s2 at the locking moment; the flexible solar panels model is feasible to predict the accurate response of the satellite during deployment and the oscillation of solar panels; the instantly impulsive force occurred during locking process is about 1.5 kN and the changing time is nearly 0.32 s. It provides an effective approach to present the flexible solar panels' deployment process and evaluate the locking impact.

Theory of Dynamics In-Phase Locking and Quasi-Period Synchronization in Two Mutually Coupled Multi-Quantum-Well Lasers

Abstract We study dynamics in two mutually coupling multi-quantum-well lasers. We carry out theoretical and numerical analysis of synchronization, anti-synchronization, in-phase locking in the two identical lasers but detuning, in detain. It is proved that the coupling level determines stability of the lasers by analyzing the eigenvalue equation. Critical case of locking is discussed via the phase difference equation. Quasi-period and stable states in the two lasers are investigated via varying the current, detuning and coupling level.

Transition state to mode locking in a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fibre ring laser

The transition state between the continuous wave region and the mode-locked region in a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fibre ring laser has been experimentally observed by utilizing the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. When the pump power reaches the mode-locked threshold, the metastable pulse train with a tunable repetition rate is obtained in the transition from the continuous wave state to the passive mode-locked state via proper adjustment of the polarization controller. A simpie model has been established to explain the experimental observation.