Relationship Between Agriculture and Ecological Deterioration,Restoration and Reconstruction in Loess Plateau Areas of Northwest China

A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the current situation as well as historic succession processor agriculture and ecological conditions in Northwest China, in particular in the Loess Plateau, by means of a inter-disciplinary approach of ecology, agro-geohistory, and agronomy. It was concluded that the fundamental causes responsible for the ecological deterioration, signed by the poor agro-productivity and serious soil erosion, had been the extensive cropping system by ever-increasing reclamation on semi-drought slope land, where initiated a natural vegetation of brushy grasses with sparse trees, thus suitable only for animal husbandry. Based on an identification of specific actual status of China, several countermeasures of correctly dealing with the relationship between agricultural development and the ecological restoration and reconstruction were proposed, including to get breakthrough first in the transection area by means of the rational use of resources and the raising of agro-system productivity, to promoting 'water conservancy-type ecological agriculture' through the radical shift of traditional production pattern, and the adoption of a policy of proper degree of grain self-reliance, as well as to construct livestock industry base in Northwest China.

西北黄土高原区生态恢复重建与农业可持续发展

分析了西北黄土高原区生态恶化的根本原因 ,以区域可持续发展和恢复生态学理论为基础 ,探讨农业可持续发展与生态恢复重建的关系及其途径 ,关键在于努力提高系统生产力 ,促进系统功能的恢复与合理结构的重建。在有效利用资源、提高农业系统生产力的过程中重建生态 ;彻底改变农业生产的传统格局 ,大幅度改善生态环境质量 ;积极调整产业结构 ,着力发展集水农业和水土保持型生态农业 ,积极发展畜牧业。图 1,参 2 0。

宁夏南部黄土丘陵沟壑区生态农业建设实践与研究

The theory and practice of classification, adaptability evaluation and optimizing collocation of land resource in ecological and economical agricultural system in the semi-arid hilly area of Loess Plateau were studied. Following the discipline of interaction of land resource and human and applying principles and methods of system engineering , the agricultural production system was optimized. Moreover, the relationship of ecological agricultural construction and territorial management was discussed.

俄罗斯沙棘优良品种引种试验研究

“三北”地区和黄土高原是中国沙棘亚种的分布中心，现已有大面积人工沙棘林，但其果小、刺多，产果量低，采果难。为此，作者于1997－2006年承担水利部“948”沙棘引进项目，以解决该地区沙棘优良品种缺乏问题。通过8年试验研究，引进俄罗斯大果无刺沙棘优良品种、类型40余种，分别在“三北”和黄土高原地区的7个主要试验基地进行引种试验，从中初步筛选出效果较好的9个优良品种、类型。它们生长发育良好，抗性较强，具高产、优质特性，并已开始利用引进的俄罗斯沙棘与当地中国沙棘杂交，培育出第一代杂交种。在引种选育和对俄罗斯沙棘生物生态学特性进行试验研究的基础上，对其良种的集约栽培和繁育做了试验和示范推广工作，产生了良好的生态、经济效益。通过本项目实施，为做好沙棘引种选育工作提供了良种，这对大面积建造高产、优质人工沙棘林和沙棘果园，加速黄土高原和“三北”地区的环境治理、发展地方经济具重要意义。

甘肃陇东黄土高原沟壑区生态环境建设与农业可持续发展对策

通过对甘肃陇东黄土高原区的生态环境现状和成因的分析,指出人类的掠夺性行为加速了本区脆弱生态环境的恶变,并提出了陇东黄土高原区生态环境建设与可持续农业发展的对策。

关于西北旱区农业与生态节水基本理论和关键技术研究领域若干问题的思考

本文论述了西北旱区缺水对经济和社会可持续发展所造成的影响,分析了该区域的节水潜力,指出西北旱区的缺水问题在目前主要应靠节水来解决,加强对西北旱区农业与生态节水基本理论和关键技术的研究是西部大开发的迫切需要和保障我国人口高峰期食物安全、水安全与生态安全的重大战略举措。西北旱区农业与生态节水是一个跨多学科的科技问题,应加强多学科的联合攻关和国际合作研究,西北旱区农业与生态节水领域中的主要研究内容有:植物高效用水生理调控与非充分灌溉理论;节水灌溉方式下水分与养分的转化理论及尺度效应;植物需水监测与估算及灌溉节水潜力;西北旱区特殊水源高效利用理论与技术;灌溉系统水量与流量实时调控与区域多水源优化配置理论;旱区节水灌溉的区域水土环境效应评估与调控。最后,分析了西北旱区农业与生态节水研究领域可能产生的突破和贡献。