Erect milkvetch （Astragalus adsurgens Pall.）, a leguminous grass, is a major source of fuel and forage, and has an important role in the restoration of the degraded ecosystems in central and northeastern China. The ...Erect milkvetch （Astragalus adsurgens Pall.）, a leguminous grass, is a major source of fuel and forage, and has an important role in the restoration of the degraded ecosystems in central and northeastern China. The objective of this work was to investigate how erect milkvetch planting would affect the physical and chemical properties of soil in degraded arable lands. Soil samples at the depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm were collected from erect milkvetch planting fileds at ages of 0, 1, 2 and 3 yr. Changes in soil bulk density, soil porosity, total N and P, organic matter content, available P, hydrolysable N and available K were measured. The results showed that root biomass and above-ground plant biomass were both significantly increased with plantation age. The significant increase in root nodule biomass was not observed in the first two years. However, it was significantly increased after three years. Root growth of erect milkvetch improved soil structure, and hence, decreased soil bulk density and increased soil porosity. Furthermore, the nitrogen fixation by erect milkvetch and return of erect milkvetch plant to soil increased the soil total N, hydrolysable N and organic matter content of the soil. Low concentrations of P in the soil with erect milkvetch planting could be ascribed to high plant uptakes and possibly to high sequestrations of P in plant biomass. Concentrations of K significantly increased during the first two years of erect milkvetch planting. The high accumulation of K under erect milkvetch cultivation in the first two years could partly be attributed to low plant uptake, and partly to relatively quick recycling within plant-soil systems. Three years after erect milkvetch plantingr, K accumulation at 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that from non-vegetated field sites, which could be attributed to high plant uptake. These parameters, except for soil bulk density, were all decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil total N, organic matter, porosity and available K in the 20-40 cm layer all showed linear increase trends, and soil bulk density, total P and available P in the depth 0-20 cm layer soil were decreased with increasing planting age. Erect milkvetch establishment could be an effective and applicable measure to improve soil nutrients, and prevent further soil degradation and erosion.展开更多
The unidirectional impacts of soil conservation on dryland farming and local livelihood have been well studied.However,there are gaps in literature regarding the interactions among factors,such as labor force and fina...The unidirectional impacts of soil conservation on dryland farming and local livelihood have been well studied.However,there are gaps in literature regarding the interactions among factors,such as labor force and financial capital,in response to soil conservation,as well as the influence of such interactions on the relationships between environmental projects and agricultural development.By combining the Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)model and statistical analyses,this study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion while also identifying the controlling factors that affect crop and livestock farming.The aim was to reveal how these factors interacted to influence agriculture in two case study areas between 2000 and 2017.The results showed that soil erosion substantially declined as a consequence of soil conservation,while the output from crop farming increased,indicating that there was a synergy between soil conservation and dryland farming in both the districts,over time;and factors facilitating crop farming,such as labor force,agricultural machinery,and irrigation,appeared to exert an adverse effect on livestock farming in both areas,implying a tradeoff between livestock and crop farming in the context of programs such as the Grain for Green Program(GGP)in the Loess Hills.Such a tradeoff is a result of the competition for cropland and labor that exists due to grazing prohibition and rural-urban migration.Therefore,policy-related resolutions are required to address the land use conflicts and migration-related rural labor losing due to implementation of the GGP in the Loess Hills.展开更多
黄土高原生态环境恶劣,水土流失严重。选择退耕还林(草)程度非常显著的陕北吴旗县所在北洛河上游为研究区,探讨黄土高原丘陵沟壑区水土流失治理及大幅度退耕背景下流域水、沙等生态要素的演变规律,分析人类活动的影响贡献程度,为黄土高...黄土高原生态环境恶劣,水土流失严重。选择退耕还林(草)程度非常显著的陕北吴旗县所在北洛河上游为研究区,探讨黄土高原丘陵沟壑区水土流失治理及大幅度退耕背景下流域水、沙等生态要素的演变规律,分析人类活动的影响贡献程度,为黄土高原生态治理及环境效应分析提供理论依据。结果表明:在1963—2009年期间年降雨量没有显著变化背景下,同时期流域年径流量和年输沙量均呈现极显著减少趋势,年均减少率分别为0.28 mm/a和180 t km-2a-1,其突变时间均发生在1979和2002年,具有很好的同步性。与1979年前相比,20世纪70—80年代水土流失综合治理以及1999年后退耕还林(草)的事件背景,使汛期和平水期径流量逐时段减少,而枯水期径流量反而持续增加。输沙量呈持续性大幅度减少态势,且其减少程度远大于径流量的变化程度。水土流失综合治理和退耕还林(草)工程实施等人类活动,对流域径流量减少的影响贡献程度分别为38.2%和51.4%,对输沙量减少的影响程度分别为74.7%和86.7%。研究结果提示,黄土高原生态环境的大幅度改善在区域尺度上已经表现出一定程度上削洪补枯的水文效应特征,以及林草措施减水更减沙的良好生物治理效果。展开更多
基金supported by the Key Programs for Science and Technology Development of HenanProvince of China (0724090017)
文摘Erect milkvetch （Astragalus adsurgens Pall.）, a leguminous grass, is a major source of fuel and forage, and has an important role in the restoration of the degraded ecosystems in central and northeastern China. The objective of this work was to investigate how erect milkvetch planting would affect the physical and chemical properties of soil in degraded arable lands. Soil samples at the depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm were collected from erect milkvetch planting fileds at ages of 0, 1, 2 and 3 yr. Changes in soil bulk density, soil porosity, total N and P, organic matter content, available P, hydrolysable N and available K were measured. The results showed that root biomass and above-ground plant biomass were both significantly increased with plantation age. The significant increase in root nodule biomass was not observed in the first two years. However, it was significantly increased after three years. Root growth of erect milkvetch improved soil structure, and hence, decreased soil bulk density and increased soil porosity. Furthermore, the nitrogen fixation by erect milkvetch and return of erect milkvetch plant to soil increased the soil total N, hydrolysable N and organic matter content of the soil. Low concentrations of P in the soil with erect milkvetch planting could be ascribed to high plant uptakes and possibly to high sequestrations of P in plant biomass. Concentrations of K significantly increased during the first two years of erect milkvetch planting. The high accumulation of K under erect milkvetch cultivation in the first two years could partly be attributed to low plant uptake, and partly to relatively quick recycling within plant-soil systems. Three years after erect milkvetch plantingr, K accumulation at 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that from non-vegetated field sites, which could be attributed to high plant uptake. These parameters, except for soil bulk density, were all decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil total N, organic matter, porosity and available K in the 20-40 cm layer all showed linear increase trends, and soil bulk density, total P and available P in the depth 0-20 cm layer soil were decreased with increasing planting age. Erect milkvetch establishment could be an effective and applicable measure to improve soil nutrients, and prevent further soil degradation and erosion.
基金the Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources[No.GSJING(2022)0520]supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0501707)。
文摘The unidirectional impacts of soil conservation on dryland farming and local livelihood have been well studied.However,there are gaps in literature regarding the interactions among factors,such as labor force and financial capital,in response to soil conservation,as well as the influence of such interactions on the relationships between environmental projects and agricultural development.By combining the Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)model and statistical analyses,this study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion while also identifying the controlling factors that affect crop and livestock farming.The aim was to reveal how these factors interacted to influence agriculture in two case study areas between 2000 and 2017.The results showed that soil erosion substantially declined as a consequence of soil conservation,while the output from crop farming increased,indicating that there was a synergy between soil conservation and dryland farming in both the districts,over time;and factors facilitating crop farming,such as labor force,agricultural machinery,and irrigation,appeared to exert an adverse effect on livestock farming in both areas,implying a tradeoff between livestock and crop farming in the context of programs such as the Grain for Green Program(GGP)in the Loess Hills.Such a tradeoff is a result of the competition for cropland and labor that exists due to grazing prohibition and rural-urban migration.Therefore,policy-related resolutions are required to address the land use conflicts and migration-related rural labor losing due to implementation of the GGP in the Loess Hills.
文摘黄土高原生态环境恶劣,水土流失严重。选择退耕还林(草)程度非常显著的陕北吴旗县所在北洛河上游为研究区,探讨黄土高原丘陵沟壑区水土流失治理及大幅度退耕背景下流域水、沙等生态要素的演变规律,分析人类活动的影响贡献程度,为黄土高原生态治理及环境效应分析提供理论依据。结果表明:在1963—2009年期间年降雨量没有显著变化背景下,同时期流域年径流量和年输沙量均呈现极显著减少趋势,年均减少率分别为0.28 mm/a和180 t km-2a-1,其突变时间均发生在1979和2002年,具有很好的同步性。与1979年前相比,20世纪70—80年代水土流失综合治理以及1999年后退耕还林(草)的事件背景,使汛期和平水期径流量逐时段减少,而枯水期径流量反而持续增加。输沙量呈持续性大幅度减少态势,且其减少程度远大于径流量的变化程度。水土流失综合治理和退耕还林(草)工程实施等人类活动,对流域径流量减少的影响贡献程度分别为38.2%和51.4%,对输沙量减少的影响程度分别为74.7%和86.7%。研究结果提示,黄土高原生态环境的大幅度改善在区域尺度上已经表现出一定程度上削洪补枯的水文效应特征,以及林草措施减水更减沙的良好生物治理效果。
