The t-distribution has a “fat tail” feature, which is more suitable than the normal probability density function to describe the distribution characteristics of return on assets. The difficulty of using t-distributi...The t-distribution has a “fat tail” feature, which is more suitable than the normal probability density function to describe the distribution characteristics of return on assets. The difficulty of using t-distribution to price European options is that a fat tail can lead to a deviation in one integral required for option pricing. We use a distribution called logarithmic truncated t-distribution to price European options. A risk neutral valuation method was used to obtain a European option pricing model with logarithmic truncated t-distribution.展开更多
Based on left truncated and right censored dependent data, the estimators of higher derivatives of density function and hazard rate function are given by kernel smoothing method. When observed data exhibit α-mixing d...Based on left truncated and right censored dependent data, the estimators of higher derivatives of density function and hazard rate function are given by kernel smoothing method. When observed data exhibit α-mixing dependence, local properties including strong consistency and law of iterated logarithm are presented. Moreover, when the mode estimator is defined as the random variable that maximizes the kernel density estimator, the asymptotic normality of the mode estimator is established.展开更多
Consider the positive d-dimensional lattice Z^d（d≥2） with partial ordering ≤, let {XK; K∈Z＋^d} be i.i.d, random variables taking values in a real separable Hilbert space （H, ｜｜·｜｜） with mean zero and ...Consider the positive d-dimensional lattice Z^d（d≥2） with partial ordering ≤, let {XK; K∈Z＋^d} be i.i.d, random variables taking values in a real separable Hilbert space （H, ｜｜·｜｜） with mean zero and covariance operator ∑ and set partial sums SN =∑K≤nXK,K,N∈Z＋^d. Under some moment conditions, we obtain the precise asymptotics of a kind of weighted infinite series for partial sums SN as ε↓ by using the truncation and approximation methods. The results are related to the convergence rates of the law of the logarithm in Hilbert space, and they also extend the results of （Gut and Spataru, 2003）.展开更多
A Student’s t-distribution is obtained from a weighted average over the standard deviation of a normal distribution, σ, when 1/σ is distributed as chi. Left truncation at q of the chi distribution in the mixing int...A Student’s t-distribution is obtained from a weighted average over the standard deviation of a normal distribution, σ, when 1/σ is distributed as chi. Left truncation at q of the chi distribution in the mixing integral leads to an effectively truncated Student’s t-distribution with tails that decay as exp (-q2t2). The effect of truncation of the chi distribution in a chi-normal mixture is investigated and expressions for the pdf, the variance, and the kurtosis of the t-like distribution that arises from the mixture of a left-truncated chi and a normal distribution are given for selected degrees of freedom 5. This work has value in pricing financial assets, in understanding the Student’s t--distribution, in statistical inference, and in analysis of data.展开更多
In this paper, we give a detailed description of the local behavior of theLipschitz-1/2 modulus for cumulative hazard process and PL-process when the data are subject to lefttruncation and right censored observations....In this paper, we give a detailed description of the local behavior of theLipschitz-1/2 modulus for cumulative hazard process and PL-process when the data are subject to lefttruncation and right censored observations. We establish laws of the iterated logarithm of theLipschitz-1/2 modulus of PL-process and cumulative hazard process. These results for the PL-processare sharper than other results found in the literature, which can be used to establish theasymptotic properties of many statistics.展开更多
Functional laws of the iterated logarithm are obtained for cumulative hazard processes in the neighborhood of a fixed point when the data are subject to left truncation and right censorship. On the basis of these resu...Functional laws of the iterated logarithm are obtained for cumulative hazard processes in the neighborhood of a fixed point when the data are subject to left truncation and right censorship. On the basis of these results the exact rates of pointwise almost sure convergence for various types of kernel hazard rate estimators are derived.展开更多
Let (Xi, Yi), i=1, 2,...,be i. i. d. vector valued random variables with unknown common marginal distribution functions F(x) and G(x). One model of incomplete observations studied in the literature is the truncated mo...Let (Xi, Yi), i=1, 2,...,be i. i. d. vector valued random variables with unknown common marginal distribution functions F(x) and G(x). One model of incomplete observations studied in the literature is the truncated model, where both Xi and Yi are observed if, and nothing can be observed otherwise. From this kind of observations, if any, we describe the modified nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators of F(x). The law of the iterated logarithm for the uniform covergence is proved.展开更多
Some moments and limiting properties of independent Student’s t increments are studied. Inde-pendent Student’s t increments are independent draws from not-truncated, truncated, and effectively truncated Student’s t...Some moments and limiting properties of independent Student’s t increments are studied. Inde-pendent Student’s t increments are independent draws from not-truncated, truncated, and effectively truncated Student’s t-distributions with shape parameters and can be used to create random walks. It is found that sample paths created from truncated and effectively truncated Student’s t-distributions are continuous. Sample paths for Student’s t-distributions are also continuous. Student’s t increments should thus be useful in construction of stochastic processes and as noise driving terms in Langevin equations.展开更多
Let{X,Xn;n≥1} be a sequence of i,i.d, random variables, E X = 0, E X^2 = σ^2 〈 ∞.Set Sn=X1＋X2＋…＋Xn,Mn=max k≤n│Sk│,n≥1.Let an=O（1/loglogn）.In this paper,we prove that,for b〉-1,lim ε→0 →^2（b＋1）∑n=1...Let{X,Xn;n≥1} be a sequence of i,i.d, random variables, E X = 0, E X^2 = σ^2 〈 ∞.Set Sn=X1＋X2＋…＋Xn,Mn=max k≤n│Sk│,n≥1.Let an=O（1/loglogn）.In this paper,we prove that,for b〉-1,lim ε→0 →^2（b＋1）∑n=1^∞ （loglogn）^b/nlogn n^1/2 E{Mn-σ（ε＋an）√2nloglogn}＋σ2^-b/（b＋1）（2b＋3）E│N│^2b＋3∑k=0^∞ （-1）k/（2k＋1）^2b＋3 holds if and only if EX=0 and EX^2=σ^2〈∞.展开更多
文摘The t-distribution has a “fat tail” feature, which is more suitable than the normal probability density function to describe the distribution characteristics of return on assets. The difficulty of using t-distribution to price European options is that a fat tail can lead to a deviation in one integral required for option pricing. We use a distribution called logarithmic truncated t-distribution to price European options. A risk neutral valuation method was used to obtain a European option pricing model with logarithmic truncated t-distribution.
文摘Based on left truncated and right censored dependent data, the estimators of higher derivatives of density function and hazard rate function are given by kernel smoothing method. When observed data exhibit α-mixing dependence, local properties including strong consistency and law of iterated logarithm are presented. Moreover, when the mode estimator is defined as the random variable that maximizes the kernel density estimator, the asymptotic normality of the mode estimator is established.
基金Project (No. 10471126) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Consider the positive d-dimensional lattice Z^d（d≥2） with partial ordering ≤, let {XK; K∈Z＋^d} be i.i.d, random variables taking values in a real separable Hilbert space （H, ｜｜·｜｜） with mean zero and covariance operator ∑ and set partial sums SN =∑K≤nXK,K,N∈Z＋^d. Under some moment conditions, we obtain the precise asymptotics of a kind of weighted infinite series for partial sums SN as ε↓ by using the truncation and approximation methods. The results are related to the convergence rates of the law of the logarithm in Hilbert space, and they also extend the results of （Gut and Spataru, 2003）.
文摘A Student’s t-distribution is obtained from a weighted average over the standard deviation of a normal distribution, σ, when 1/σ is distributed as chi. Left truncation at q of the chi distribution in the mixing integral leads to an effectively truncated Student’s t-distribution with tails that decay as exp (-q2t2). The effect of truncation of the chi distribution in a chi-normal mixture is investigated and expressions for the pdf, the variance, and the kurtosis of the t-like distribution that arises from the mixture of a left-truncated chi and a normal distribution are given for selected degrees of freedom 5. This work has value in pricing financial assets, in understanding the Student’s t--distribution, in statistical inference, and in analysis of data.
文摘In this paper, we give a detailed description of the local behavior of theLipschitz-1/2 modulus for cumulative hazard process and PL-process when the data are subject to lefttruncation and right censored observations. We establish laws of the iterated logarithm of theLipschitz-1/2 modulus of PL-process and cumulative hazard process. These results for the PL-processare sharper than other results found in the literature, which can be used to establish theasymptotic properties of many statistics.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Functional laws of the iterated logarithm are obtained for cumulative hazard processes in the neighborhood of a fixed point when the data are subject to left truncation and right censorship. On the basis of these results the exact rates of pointwise almost sure convergence for various types of kernel hazard rate estimators are derived.
文摘Let (Xi, Yi), i=1, 2,...,be i. i. d. vector valued random variables with unknown common marginal distribution functions F(x) and G(x). One model of incomplete observations studied in the literature is the truncated model, where both Xi and Yi are observed if, and nothing can be observed otherwise. From this kind of observations, if any, we describe the modified nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators of F(x). The law of the iterated logarithm for the uniform covergence is proved.
文摘Some moments and limiting properties of independent Student’s t increments are studied. Inde-pendent Student’s t increments are independent draws from not-truncated, truncated, and effectively truncated Student’s t-distributions with shape parameters and can be used to create random walks. It is found that sample paths created from truncated and effectively truncated Student’s t-distributions are continuous. Sample paths for Student’s t-distributions are also continuous. Student’s t increments should thus be useful in construction of stochastic processes and as noise driving terms in Langevin equations.
基金Research supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China:10471126
文摘Let{X,Xn;n≥1} be a sequence of i,i.d, random variables, E X = 0, E X^2 = σ^2 〈 ∞.Set Sn=X1＋X2＋…＋Xn,Mn=max k≤n│Sk│,n≥1.Let an=O（1/loglogn）.In this paper,we prove that,for b〉-1,lim ε→0 →^2（b＋1）∑n=1^∞ （loglogn）^b/nlogn n^1/2 E{Mn-σ（ε＋an）√2nloglogn}＋σ2^-b/（b＋1）（2b＋3）E│N│^2b＋3∑k=0^∞ （-1）k/（2k＋1）^2b＋3 holds if and only if EX=0 and EX^2=σ^2〈∞.
