This paper studies the coordination effects between stages for scheduling problems where decision-making is a two-stage process. Two stages are considered as one system. The system can be a supply chain that links two...This paper studies the coordination effects between stages for scheduling problems where decision-making is a two-stage process. Two stages are considered as one system. The system can be a supply chain that links two stages, one stage representing a manufacturer; and the other, a distributor It also can represent a single manufacturer, while each stage represents a different department responsible for a part of operations. A problem that jointly considers both stages in order to achieve ideal overall system performance is defined as a system problem. In practice, at times, it might not be feasible for the two stages to make coordinated decisions due to (i) the lack of channels that allow decision makers at the two stages to cooperate, and/or (ii) the optimal solution to the system problem is too difficult (or costly) to achieve.Two practical approaches are applied to solve a variant of two-stage logistic scheduling problems. The Forward Approach is defined as a solution procedure by which the first stage of the system problem is solved first, followed by the second stage. Similarly, the Backward Approach is defined as a solution procedure by which the second stage of the system problem is solved prior to solving the first stage. In each approach, two stages are solved sequentially and the solution generated is treated as a heuristic solution with respect to the corresponding system problem. When decision makers at two stages make decisions locally without considering consequences to the entire system, ineffectiveness may result - even when each stage optimally solves its own problem. The trade-off between the time complexity and the solution quality is the main concern. This paper provides the worst-case performance analysis for each approach.展开更多
在实时嵌入式系统设计中,为了保证系统的安全运行,需要验证系统是否满足时限,即任务必须在截止期之前完成,否则实时系统将失败。目前衡量实时嵌入式系统实时性的重要指标是任务的最坏情况执行时间(Worst Case Execution Time,WCET)。文...在实时嵌入式系统设计中,为了保证系统的安全运行,需要验证系统是否满足时限,即任务必须在截止期之前完成,否则实时系统将失败。目前衡量实时嵌入式系统实时性的重要指标是任务的最坏情况执行时间(Worst Case Execution Time,WCET)。文章首先综述了WCET分析以及研究WCET分析的主要方法。分析了在当前多核平台上、复杂处理器架构下WCET分析存在的主要问题,并根据当前WCET分析存在的问题展开讨论,分别针对时序分析、微系统结构分析和多核多任务调度策略等方面分析了国内外的研究进展。最后提出了一种基于深度学习的自适应实时DVFS算法,该算法可以进行动态电压和频率调节(DVFS),以达到节能的目的;同时还能够动态修正程序的WCET值,为未来嵌入式系统中的WCET分析与预测提供指导方法。展开更多
文摘This paper studies the coordination effects between stages for scheduling problems where decision-making is a two-stage process. Two stages are considered as one system. The system can be a supply chain that links two stages, one stage representing a manufacturer; and the other, a distributor It also can represent a single manufacturer, while each stage represents a different department responsible for a part of operations. A problem that jointly considers both stages in order to achieve ideal overall system performance is defined as a system problem. In practice, at times, it might not be feasible for the two stages to make coordinated decisions due to (i) the lack of channels that allow decision makers at the two stages to cooperate, and/or (ii) the optimal solution to the system problem is too difficult (or costly) to achieve.Two practical approaches are applied to solve a variant of two-stage logistic scheduling problems. The Forward Approach is defined as a solution procedure by which the first stage of the system problem is solved first, followed by the second stage. Similarly, the Backward Approach is defined as a solution procedure by which the second stage of the system problem is solved prior to solving the first stage. In each approach, two stages are solved sequentially and the solution generated is treated as a heuristic solution with respect to the corresponding system problem. When decision makers at two stages make decisions locally without considering consequences to the entire system, ineffectiveness may result - even when each stage optimally solves its own problem. The trade-off between the time complexity and the solution quality is the main concern. This paper provides the worst-case performance analysis for each approach.
文摘在实时嵌入式系统设计中,为了保证系统的安全运行,需要验证系统是否满足时限,即任务必须在截止期之前完成,否则实时系统将失败。目前衡量实时嵌入式系统实时性的重要指标是任务的最坏情况执行时间(Worst Case Execution Time,WCET)。文章首先综述了WCET分析以及研究WCET分析的主要方法。分析了在当前多核平台上、复杂处理器架构下WCET分析存在的主要问题,并根据当前WCET分析存在的问题展开讨论,分别针对时序分析、微系统结构分析和多核多任务调度策略等方面分析了国内外的研究进展。最后提出了一种基于深度学习的自适应实时DVFS算法,该算法可以进行动态电压和频率调节(DVFS),以达到节能的目的;同时还能够动态修正程序的WCET值,为未来嵌入式系统中的WCET分析与预测提供指导方法。
