中国大陆地区赛多孢霉感染流行现状的回顾性分析

为了解中国大陆地区赛多孢霉感染流行情况及诊治现状,该文通过对1978年来中国大陆地区报道的赛多孢霉感染病例进行回顾性分析。发现我国临床赛多孢霉感染的致病菌种以尖端赛多孢霉为主。感染常见部位依次为眼、肺、颅内、鼻窦、皮肤、关节、脊柱。感染类型以创伤后局部感染为主,其他类型为溺水后感染、免疫功能明显受损后感染及呼吸道内定植感染等。目前我国病原学诊断主要依赖真菌培养,分子生物学方法应用较少。治疗以单独抗真菌药物治疗为主,体外药敏实验及既往诊治经验表明赛多孢霉对伏立康唑敏感度高。我国多数赛多孢霉感染预后良好,而多育赛多孢霉所致播散感染预后差。目前赛多孢霉感染早期诊断困难,应该提高对该病特点的认识、形态学诊断水平,并积极开展分子鉴定,以达到早期准确诊断、治疗。

Proposed nomenclature for Pseudallescheria,Scedosporium and related genera

As a result of fundamental changes in the International Code of Nomenclature on the use of separate names for sexual and asexual stages of fungi,generic names of many groups should be reconsidered.Members of the ECMM/ISHAM working group on Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium infections herein advocate a novel nomenclature for genera and species in Pseudallescheria,Scedosporium and allied taxa.The generic names Parascedosporium,Lomentospora,Petriella,Petriellopsis,and Scedosporium are proposed for a lineage within Microascaceae with mostly Scedosporium anamorphs producing slimy,annellidic conidia.Considering that Scedosporium has priority over Pseudallescheria and that Scedosporium prolificans is phylogenetically distinct from the other Scedosporium species,some name changes are proposed.Pseudallescheria minutispora and Petriellidium desertorum are renamed as Scedosporium minutisporum and S.desertorum,respectively.Scedosporium prolificans is renamed as Lomentospora prolificans.