Revenue management method and critical techniques of railway passenger transport

Purpose–Revenue management(RM)is a significant technique to improve revenue with limited resources.With the macro environment of dramatically increasing transit capacity and rapid railway transport development in China,it is necessary to involve the theory of RM into the operation and decision of railway passenger transport.Design/methodology/approach–This paper proposes the theory and framework of generalized RM of railway passenger transport(RMRPT),and the thoughts and methods of the main techniques in RMRPT,involving demand forecasting,line planning,inventory control,pricing strategies and information systems,are all studied and elaborated.The involved methods and techniques provide a sequential process to help with the decision-making for each stage of RMRPT.The corresponding techniques are integrated into the information system to support practical businesses in railway passenger transport.Findings–The combination of the whole techniques devotes to railway benefit improvement and transit resource utilization and has been applied into the practical operation and organization of railway passenger transport.Originality/value–The development of RMRPT would provide theoretical and technical support for the improvement of service quality as well as railway benefits and efficiency.

Evacuated tube transport technologies (ET3)^(tm):a maximum value global transportation network for passengers and cargo

Evacuated Tube Transport Technologies （ET3） offers the potential for more than an order of magnitude improvement in transportation efficiency, speed, cost, and effectiveness. An ET3 network may be optimized to sustainably displace most global transportation by car, ship, truck, train, and jet aircraft. To do this, ET3 standards should adhere to certain key principals： maximum value through efficiency, reliability, and simplicity; equal consideration for passenger and cargo loads; optimum size; high speed/high frequency operation; demand oriented; random accessibility; scalability; high granularity; automated control; full speed passive switching; open standards of implementation; and maximum use of existing capacities, materials, and processes.

Simulation of long-distance pipeline transportation properties of whole-tailings paste with high sliming

Based on Bingham rheological model,a three-dimensional numerical simulation model for long-distance pipeline transportation is established by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to study the pipeline transportationproperties of high sliming paste from a copper mine in China.Based on the rheological properties test,the pressure and velocity of pipeline and elbow are simulated by CFD under different mass concentrations and different stowing capacities.The results show that the pipeline resistance of whole-tailings paste with high sliming while without pumping agent is much higher than that with high sliming and pumping agent at the same mass concentration,and the pipeline resistance of whole-tailings paste with high sliming while without pumping agent is much higher than that with low sliming while without pumping agent.It is very important to add pumping agent to whole-tailings paste with high sliming,and the resistance changes with mass concentration and stowing capacity at the same cement-to-sand ratio of1:5and tailings-to-waste ratio of6:1.However,the change is just limited,that is to say,the paste transportation system is of good stability.Furthermore,at the elbow,the maximum pressure and velocity transfer to the outside of the pipe from the inside.However,lubricating layer is formed at the pipe wall because of high content of fine particles in whole-tailings paste,which will protect the elbow from abrasion.CFD provides an intuitive and accurate basis for pipeline transportation study,and would have a wider application space in the study of paste rheological properties and resistance reduction methods.

CO2 emission of urban passenger transportation in China from 2000 to 2014

This study reviewed the urban passenger transportation(UPT)development of seven typical cities in China from 2000 to 2014,estimated the UPT CO2emission,analyzed the structure,and discussed the main factors of UPT CO,emission.Results showed that increases of GDP,population,and UPT scale of the cities have speeded up.The most significant development of UPT is that the growth of private vehicles is greatly faster than that of public transportation.The total and per-capita UPT CO2 emissions both increased.The share of private vehicles emission to total UPT CO2emission has increased,with the share in range of 65%-88%in 2014,exponentially leading to the increases of total and per-capita UPT CO2 emission.Although UPT CO2 emission structure with more share of public transportation would slow down the UPT CO2emission increase,private vehicle CO2 emission is recognized as the dominated driving factor.Contributions of driving factors,such as GDP,population,private vehicle CO2 emissions,to UPT CO2 emission are different among the cities.Private vehicle CO2 emission.is the dominated factor for UPT CO2emission in Beijing and Taiyuan.Besides private vehicle CO2emission,GDP also plays an important role in UPT CO2emissions of Chengdu,Shanghai,Guangzhou,and Urumqi.Contributions of private vehicle CO2 emission and GDP to UPT CO2 emission are almost same in Xi'an.

Smartphone-Based Wi-Fi Analysis for Bus Passenger Counting

In the contemporary era of technological advancement,smartphones have become an indispensable part of individuals’daily lives,exerting a pervasive influence.This paper presents an innovative approach to passenger countingonbuses throughthe analysis ofWi-Fi signals emanating frompassengers’mobile devices.The study seeks to scrutinize the reliability of digital Wi-Fi environments in predicting bus occupancy levels,thereby addressing a crucial aspect of public transportation.The proposed system comprises three crucial elements:Signal capture,data filtration,and the calculation and estimation of passenger numbers.The pivotal findings reveal that the system demonstrates commendable accuracy in estimating passenger counts undermoderate-crowding conditions,with an average deviation of 20%from the ground truth and an accuracy rate ranging from 90%to 100%.This underscores its efficacy in scenarios characterized by moderate levels of crowding.However,in densely crowded conditions,the system exhibits a tendency to overestimate passenger numbers,occasionally doubling the actual count.While acknowledging the need for further research to enhance accuracy in crowded conditions,this study presents a pioneering avenue to address a significant concern in public transportation.The implications of the findings are poised to contribute substantially to the enhancement of bus operations and service quality.

Securing offshore resources development:A mathematical investigation into gas leakage in long-distance flexible pipes

Gas flexible pipes are critical multi-layered equipment for offshore oil and gas development.Under high pressure conditions,small molecular components of natural gas dissolve into the polymer inner liner of the flexible pipes and further diffuse into the annular space,incurring annular pressure build-up and/or production of acidic environment,which poses serious challenges to the structure and integrity of the flexible pipes.Gas permeation in pipes is a complex phenomenon governed by various factors such as internal pressure and temperature,annular structure,external temperature.In a long-distance gas flexible pipe,moreover,gas permeation exhibits non-uniform features,and the gas permeated into the annular space flows along the metal gap.To assess the complex gas transport behavior in long-distance gas flexible pipes,a mathematical model is established in this paper considering the multiphase flow phenomena inside the flexible pipes,the diffusion of gas in the inner liner,and the gas seepage in the annular space under varying permeable properties of the annulus.In addition,the effect of a variable temperature is accounted.A numerical calculation method is accordingly constructed to solve the coupling mathematical equations.The annular permeability was shown to significantly influence the distribution of annular pressure.As permeability increases,the annular pressure tends to become more uniform,and the annular pressure at the wellhead rises more rapidly.After annular pressure relief followed by shut-in,the pressure increase follows a convex function.By simulating the pressure recovery pattern after pressure relief and comparing it with test results,we deduce that the annular permeability lies between 123 and 512 m D.The results help shed light upon assessing the annular pressure in long distance gas flexible pipes and thus ensure the security of gas transport in the emerging development of offshore resources.

Prediction of Civil Aviation Passenger Transportation Based on ARIMA Model

The passenger transportation, as an important index to describe the scale of aviation passenger transport, prediction and research, can let us understand the future trend of the aviation passenger transport, according to it, the airline can make corresponding marketing strategy adjustment. Combining with the knowledge of time series let us understand the characteristics of passenger transportation change, the R software is used to fit the data, so as to establish the ARIMA(1,1,8) model to describe the civil aviation passenger transport developing trend in the future and to make reasonable predictions.

SERVQUAL Model Based Evaluation Analysis of Railway Passenger Transport Service Quality in China

Railway is the backbone of Chinese transportation system,but its poor quality of services for passengers cause complains now and then.This study first analyzed the influencing factors of service quality on railway passenger,and its quality characteristics was also explained,and finally we proposed an evaluation system of service quality on railway passenger transport.Through the statistical analysis and processing of the basic information from survey data from railway station,trains and the official website of the ticket purchase,the evaluation score of question naire was converted into the score in evaluation index system,which was based on SERVQUAL model.Finally,the evaluation index system was applied to the field test,and all levels of indicators and the overall evaluation of railway passenger transport service quality was obtained.The relevant results show that the evaluation model of this study is concise and practical,and the method has certain practicability and promotion value,which is beneficial to the department of management supervision in railway transportation.

Study on the Development of Water Transport Network for Passengers in the Gulshan-Banani-HatirJheel Lake of the Capital City of Bangladesh

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is one of the most overpopulated city in the world and traffic jam is the most severe and regular affliction in the daily life. Also, the existing vehicles are not sufficient in compared to the population of the city. People have to spend many hours simply sitting in the traffic jam. This lessens the productivity of people and brings sufferings to them. Gulshan-Banani-HatirJheel area is the busiest regions within the city and face severe traffic jam during working hours. These lakes are totally unused. Therefore, there is a possibility to build a waterways network for passengers transport through these lakes. This will reduce the affliction of people via reducing traffic jam. The proposed transportation networks will also preserve the natural environment of the lakes and bring a source of entertainment in the city life. Many developed cities in the world like London, New York, Paris, Venice, Shanghai etc. already have implemented waterways network inside the city and successfully made the best use of cistern side.

A Decade of Changes in the Transportation of Passengers： What Are the Factors That Affected the Demand？

Ten years of financial stability in Brazilian economy have gone. In this period, the regional transportation of passengers suffered exogenous impacts： economical crises, airport crises and great proportions＇ accidents, as well as impacts which were intern to the system： institutional changes （liberation of tariff promotions, many companies establishing themselves and also coming to bankruptcy）, creation of regulating institutions in the air transportation as well as the land transportation. Theoretically, it is expected that these changes have generated impacts in the demand for trips, since an environment regulated with more flexible prices and higher amounts of companies would generate a competitive environment in which the companies could struggle to attract their demand. On the other hand, the impacts which are exogenous to the system can generate responses in the sense of restoring the balance of demand. Thus, based on the theoretical experience, this article aims at analyzing empirically, through categorical variables, if there were impacts on the demand for regional trips in Brazil due to the internal or external changes. In order to perform this, monthly data from January, 1999 to December, 2009 are utilized and estimates are calculated making use of SUR （seemingly unrelated regressions）. As a result, we have the meaning of the internal and external impacts related to air and land transports, identifying that the worldwide economic crisis generated an impact at the level of the demand for transportation and also that the flexibility of tariffs allowed by ANTT （Ag^ncia Nacional de Transportes Terrestres） had an equal impact on the demand for land transportation.

A methodology for calculating the passenger comfort benefits of railway travel

A comfortable environment in railway passenger coaches can be regarded as a resource for social consumption during the transport process. Railway passenger comfort benefits （RPCBs） can be regarded as a special generalized cost. In this paper, we select a series of objective and subjective indexes to formulate a quantitative method of calculating the RPCB with considering ticket fares. This method includes three steps： make the initial data dimensionless, calculate the weight of each index, and finally calculate the RPCBs. The proposed method was validated with the data collected from two types of trains： G13 from Beijing South to Shanghai Hongqiao and T109 from Beijing to Shanghai. Also, questionnaire survey was conducted in both trains. After data processing, the results show that there is a linear relationship between the RPCB and ticket fare with a correlation coefficient of 0.9616.

Research and development of prevention and control measures on the transmission of pathogens in compartments of passenger transport

Contagious pathogens like COVID-19 transmitted via respiratory droplets spread effortlessly in the passenger compartments of transport,significantly jeopardizing passengers’safety when taking public transportation.To date,studies on the fundamental theories of airborne droplet transmission and the engineering application of decontamination techniques are insufficient for the prevention and control of pathogens transmitting in the compartments of passenger transport.It is essential to systematically investigate the control approaches to restrain pathogens from transmitting in passenger compartments.Herein,a theoretical framework for calculating the transmission of pathogens in a complex compartment environment was proposed,and experimental platforms that satisfy the Biosafety Level-2 Laboratory safety level for compartment environment simulations were built based on a set of real train cabins.On these bases,numerical investigations on the motion of pathogen-laden droplets were conducted,and decontamination techniques were examined experimentally.Thereby,control measures on the pathogen transmission and pathogen decontamination schemes were proposed.Moreover,highly efficient decontamination devices were developed,and coping strategies for epidemic emergencies were devised.The outcomes provide theoretical and technical support for developing the next generation of transportation and the prevention and control measures cooperatively considering regular and pandemic times.

On Distributary Model of Public Transportation in Metropolis

The expansion of population and the worsening of the city development pattern brought serious effects on public transportation in the metropolis. The traditional method is not suitable for the analysis of city public transportation. This paper presents the model of “frog jumping and permeation” of passage flow in city public transportation. In this model, the passages between the first class gradient centers are transported by the fastest ways, and transferred in the mode of permeation between the second class gradient centers. this model will improvc the situation in the metropolitan communications.

多情景模拟下的跨境铁路运输时效研究——以中老铁路为例

跨境铁路运输是中国与周边国家陆路联通的重要环节。跨境铁路运输时效既受线路畅通情况、基础设施技术等级等“硬联通”因素的制约,也受到海关条例、口岸畅通水平等“软联通”因素的影响。因此,跨境铁路运输时效研究应充分考虑不同情景,以期更科学地模拟运输时长的变化机理。本文以中老铁路(中国昆明−老挝万象,简称中老铁路)为例,在梳理中老铁路沿线地区社会经济概况及基础设施发展水平的基础上,考虑不同运营速度、通关时间、铁轨换装、多式联运等因素,构建了长途跨境运输时间的计算模型,采用多情景模拟方法,解析了中老铁路运的优势距离及客货运时效变化。研究表明:①中老铁路有助于沿线跨境运输时间显著减少。相比公路运输,客货运时间优势均超过20%;②通关时间是影响跨境铁路运输的关键要素之一,占运输总时长的20%~60%;③铁海联运是中老铁路运输进一步提升运输效率的途径,能有效缩短老挝至日本的总运输时间。

ComplexTrans-Global Rail-Road Transportation System Economical and Clustered Individual and Individualised Public Transport also Prevents the Spread of Covid 19

Land transport can no longer meet the requirements.European transport can be described by these words−crowded motorways and cities,dangerous emissions,ubiquitous traffic accidents,delays,expensive railways.Solutions are being sought to transfer a large part of passengers and especially freight transport to(high-speed)rail,and efforts are moving towards electromobility,car-sharing,5G-connectivity,autonomous driving,MaaS(Mobility as a Service)-coordinated transport or hyperloop-type solutions.However,all these solutions have additional challenges and limitations.Solutions are not being searched where they really exist-in the mutual adaptation of road and rail vehicles and their deep cooperation.The ComplexTrans project shows that simply adapting the dimensions and functions of road and rail vehicles can eliminate(or at least significantly reduce)all the problems of existing land transport.The main features of the ComplexTrans system are sufficient parking spaces,reduction of urban and non-urban congestion,electric vehicles with unlimited range and cheaper than standard cars,cheaper and more accessible battery charging,“autonomous ride”,solving the overlap between passenger and freight rail transport and making it self-financing,transferring intercity freight transport to rail,replacing part of continental air transport and many others.The cost-effective and clustered individual transport and individualised public transport of the ComplexTrans system also bring very significant reductions in the risk of transmission of covid-19 and other contagious diseases during transport.

A panel data model to predict airline passenger volume

Airline passenger volume is an important reference for the implementation of aviation capacity and route adjustment plans.This paper explores the determinants of airline passenger volume and proposes a comprehensive panel data model for predicting volume.First,potential factors influencing airline passenger volume are analyzed from Geo-economic and service-related aspects.Second,the principal component analysis(PCA)is applied to identify key factors that impact the airline passenger volume of city pairs.Then the panel data model is estimated using 120 sets of data,which are a collection of observations for multiple subjects at multiple instances.Finally,the airline data from Chongqing to Shanghai,from 2003 to 2012,was used as a test case to verify the validity of the prediction model.Results show that railway and highway transportation assumed a certain proportion of passenger volumes,and total retail sales of consumer goods in the departure and arrival cities are significantly associated with airline passenger volume.According to the validity test results,the prediction accuracies of the model for 10 sets of data are all greater than 90%.The model performs better than a multivariate regression model,thus assisting airport operators decide which routes to adjust and which new routes to introduce.

Analysis of the Impact of City Transport on Life Quality in the City of Szczecin

This paper looks at public transport in the city of Szczecin.In the recent years,new means of transport have been offered by both external companies and the city.Many city inhabitants have swapped buses for city bikes,scooters and electric scooters available in large cities.A questionnaire survey has been designed to examine the public opinion on the best transport services offered by external companies and whether life quality in the city has improved owing to a wide offering of means of public transport.The paper aims at an analysis and assessment of the city transport services offered and how they influence the quality of life in the city of Szczecin.

An Appraisal of Road Condition Effect on Rural Transportation in Sekyere Central District of the Ashanti Region of Ghana

The objective of this study was to assess the condition of the road network within the district with a view to find out if and how they affect the transportation costs. Four sets of primary and secondary data on the district’s road surface types, road condition mix, cost of transportation of farm produce and humans on the road network were collected, collated and subjected to statistical analysis using a Completely Randomized Design. The results indicated that the road conditions had high significant effects on the transportation costs of both human and agricultural produce. The road network of the district consists of 21 roads with a total length of 176.6 kilometers out of which 8 were classified as poor, 7 as fair and only 6 as good. The highest agricultural produce transportation cost of 1.46 per tonne-kilometer was obtained from 3 of the poor roads while the lowest cost of 0.86 per tonne-kilometer was obtained from only 1 of the 6 good roads. The highest passenger transportation cost of 0.3 per passenger kilometer was obtained for 1 of the 8 poor roads while the lowest cost of 0.1 per passenger kilometer was obtained for all the 6 good roads and 4 of the fair roads. In conclusion, transportation cost of passengers on the poor and fair roads was 2 - 3 times as high as the cost of transportation on the good roads. Transportation cost of agricultural produce on the poor roads was 70% higher than it was on the good roads.

考虑互补效应的城市群多模式客运网络鲁棒性

为了分析城市群客运网络对突发事件的应对能力,从多种交通模式互补视角,基于复杂网络理论构建城市群多模式客运网络模型,应用引力模型建立节点失效后网络性能计算的规则,对城市群多模式客运网络的鲁棒性进行测度.引入基于鲁棒性的动态互补强度指标,对客运网络间的互补效应(CE)进行量化.对是否考虑CE时的鲁棒性进行对比,分析CE对鲁棒性的提升程度.以关中平原城市群为例进行实例研究,结果表明,在城市群多模式客运网络中,普铁网应对突发事件时的鲁棒性最强,公路网最弱.无论在何种攻击策略下,考虑CE时,城市群多模式客运网络的鲁棒性均有明显的提升,高铁网、普铁网和公路网的敏感度分别下降了19.1%、29.3%和22.0%.

基于信令数据的城市群空铁联程客流识别及预测框架

针对城市群空铁联程客流需求获取困难、客流规律难以把握的问题,提出一套集成空铁联程客流识别及预测模块的综合分析框架.首先,考虑交通枢纽的空间范围及旅客出行的时空特征,提出一种基于信令数据的空铁联程客流识别方法,并挖掘其时空分布规律.然后,在双向门控循环神经网络模型(Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit,BiGRU)的基础上,引入时间周期编码,构建具有时间周期性的双向门控循环神经网络模型(Temporal-Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit,T-BiGRU)对空铁联程客流进行预测.最后,以京津冀城市群为实例,对研究框架进行验证.研究结果表明:京津冀城市群空铁联程客流呈现出明显的聚集分布特征,其中北京南站—天津站—天津滨海机场和北京西站—正定机场站—石家庄正定机场两个场景的联程客流占比最高,超过联程客流总量的65%;T-BiGRU模型可以对联程客流的需求进行精准预测,对两个主要场景的双向联程客流的预测精度均超过了89%,优于多个基线模型.研究结果可为城市群空铁协同发展及空铁联程服务优化提供参考.