Long-Distance Pipe Jacking in Complex Urban Geological Environment

A steel underground pipeline with a diameter of 2.4 m and a total length of 3,617 m(plate thickness of 26 mm)has been constructed in a city in central Hubei,and the engineering,procurement,and construction(EPC)project has been lifted from the upstream channel to supplement water to the downstream lake inside the city.Through preliminary geological survey data,site topographic and geomorphic survey,urban construction,as well as the requirements of the construction party,the preliminary arrangement of working wells and receiving wells as well as the selection and customization of pipe jacking machines have been proposed.Frequency conversion motor and remote monitoring technology are adopted for geotechnical change and long-distance pipe jacking.Through detailed survey,the rock and soil change section as well as gradual change conditions have been determined,the accuracy of construction mechanics calculation and construction operation control have improved,the basis and analysis basis are provided,and some experiences in construction operation are summarized.

Securing offshore resources development:A mathematical investigation into gas leakage in long-distance flexible pipes

Gas flexible pipes are critical multi-layered equipment for offshore oil and gas development.Under high pressure conditions,small molecular components of natural gas dissolve into the polymer inner liner of the flexible pipes and further diffuse into the annular space,incurring annular pressure build-up and/or production of acidic environment,which poses serious challenges to the structure and integrity of the flexible pipes.Gas permeation in pipes is a complex phenomenon governed by various factors such as internal pressure and temperature,annular structure,external temperature.In a long-distance gas flexible pipe,moreover,gas permeation exhibits non-uniform features,and the gas permeated into the annular space flows along the metal gap.To assess the complex gas transport behavior in long-distance gas flexible pipes,a mathematical model is established in this paper considering the multiphase flow phenomena inside the flexible pipes,the diffusion of gas in the inner liner,and the gas seepage in the annular space under varying permeable properties of the annulus.In addition,the effect of a variable temperature is accounted.A numerical calculation method is accordingly constructed to solve the coupling mathematical equations.The annular permeability was shown to significantly influence the distribution of annular pressure.As permeability increases,the annular pressure tends to become more uniform,and the annular pressure at the wellhead rises more rapidly.After annular pressure relief followed by shut-in,the pressure increase follows a convex function.By simulating the pressure recovery pattern after pressure relief and comparing it with test results,we deduce that the annular permeability lies between 123 and 512 m D.The results help shed light upon assessing the annular pressure in long distance gas flexible pipes and thus ensure the security of gas transport in the emerging development of offshore resources.

Application Strategies of Pipe Jacking Technology in Municipal Rainwater Pipeline Engineering

Traditional construction techniques have a significant impact on the environment and are associated with long construction durations in the construction of municipal rainwater pipelines.Pipe jacking technology,a new type of pipeline construction method,enables non-excavation construction and can address the shortcomings of traditional pipeline construction.This article analyzes the concept and application advantages of pipe jacking technology.Combining engineering examples,it explores the application strategies of pipe jacking technology in the construction process of municipal rainwater pipelines for reference.

Application of ANSYS 3D FEM in Studies of Surface Deformation Caused by Pipe Jacking

By using site observation data and establishing 3D model using ANSYS software, this paper has discussed the strain change of stratum stress during process of jacking-in and the impact of machine head on ground surface under different frontal resistances. Analysis of the two cases shows that soil pressure reaches its maximum point when the soil is right above machine head, and soil stress will gradually decline when machine head passes over it. It also shows that impact brought by pipe-jacking construction on stress change of the surrounding soil is limited. The thesis suggest that road surface should be consolidated and soil condition be improved before construction to prevent loss and disaster caused by road surface deformation, jacking force can be increased so that jacking efficiency can be enhanced when ground stratum is well filled with soil, but the frontal resistance facing machine head should be equal to surrounding soil pressure in order to avoid rise of ground surface.

Behavior of Surrounding Soil during Construction and Its Countermeasures Using Pipe Jacking Method in Deep Strata

In Japan when urban infrastructures need to be constructed, the difficulty of utilizing the ground or shallow strata will lead to a more frequent use of the deep strata. The common construction methods are open-cut, pipe jacking, and shield methods. In recent years, a new pipe jacking method has been established that can be adapted to 20 m below the ground or more. Using this method, the drivage machine and the jacking pipe continue to move an underground until the completion of the driving. Therefore an over-cutting area (so-called tail-void) must be formed to lower the friction between the ground and the pipe. The tail-void is filled with lubrications. However, because the stress release from the ground continues to advance when the tail-void is formed, hence there are some challenges required to cope with the stability of the surrounding ground. In order to utilize the pipe jacking method in the deeper strata layers, the theory, analysis and installation of tail-void have to be systemized, and such systematic data must be stored. Therefore, the conditions of tail-void in the deep pipe jacking method are discussed using numerical analyses.

Effect of Application of Pipe Roof Method by Using Pipe Jacking on Behavior of Surrounding Soil

Tunnels in an urban area, in many cases, are constructed in soft ground which contains underground water, near existing facilities and structures. Structural stability for the tunnel and also the nearby structures and facilities is vital in this kind of work. Slurry pipe jacking was firmly established as a special method for the non-disruptive construction of underground pipelines of sewage systems. This method utilizes mud slurry that is formed around the pipes in order to stabilize the surrounding soil. In the pipe roof method the tubing elements that are constructed by slurry pipe jacking are near each other longitudinally, and create a rigid and stable lining before the excavation of the main tunnel. This paper discusses ＇the application of a slurry pipe jacking system on ＇the pipe roof method by means of numerical analysis. Because of the rigid behavior of the lining, the results show little subsidence, making this method a reliable method of constructing large tunnels with small cover in an urban area.

Discussion on the Application of Pipe Jacking Construction Technology in Municipal Road Drainage Projects

In the construction of municipal road drainage projects,pipe jacking construction is a relatively common construction method.This construction technology can avoid a large amount of excavation work,improve drainage construction efficiency,avoid large-scale damage to the road surface,and exert small traffic impact.Therefore,it is currently widely used in drainage construction,but judging from the current actual application situation,there are still many problems that require further improvement.This article mainly analyzes the advantages of and current technical problems in pipe jacking construction technology in detail,explores corresponding solutions,and lays a foundation for the optimization of municipal road drainage engineering construction.

富水粉细砂层联络通道顶管法施工地表沉降分析

为研究富水粉细砂层地铁联络通道顶管法施工对地表沉降的影响,对郑州地铁12号线08工区埋深15 m、长7.5 m的联络通道在顶管法施工过程中的地表沉降进行了监测,并结合“地层-主隧道-内支撑-联络通道”体系三维数值模型,深入分析了顶管掘进过程中地表沉降的时空演化规律。结果表明:地表沉降量随着顶管机的推进逐渐增大,顶推到位后达到最大沉降值,其中台车就位、始发破洞及接收破洞阶段产生的沉降增量明显大于其他开挖阶段,设备拆除后,受卸载作用影响,地层产生一定量回弹,沉降值减小;地表沉降曲面呈漏斗状,沿联络通道中心线方向左右对称,沿垂直于中心线方向不对称,最大沉降值位于纵向距离联络通道中心靠近始发端3 m处;联络通道顶管法施工对地表横向影响范围更大,地表沉降集中发生区域近似椭圆形,其长轴垂直于联络通道中心线。

Study on the pipe friction resistance in long-distance rock pipe jacking engineering

Previous studies on pipe friction resistance are mainly concentrated in the soil layer,whereas the study on that in the rock stratum is limited.To estimate the pipe friction resistance in the rock stratum,the calculation models of pipe friction resistance and their applica-tion conditions were compared first.Then the friction resistance calculation model for pipe jacking in the rock stratum was established and simplified.Lastly,the measured(FM)and the computed(FN)pipe friction resistance was compared to validate the simplified friction resistance calculation model.The following conclusions can be drawn:(1)The existing calculation methods of pipe friction resistance can be well verified in the soil layer but cannot be applied in the rock stratum.(2)Sediment,pipe–rock friction coefficient and mud buoyancy are the main factors affecting the pipe friction resistance in long-distance rock pipe jacking engineering.(3)The simplified calculation model established by Deng et al.can estimate the pipe friction resistance in different rock strata at different jacking stages with satisfac-tory outcomes.Further research on the pipe-rock friction coefficient in different rock strata with different pipe–rock contact conditions merits further investigation to better predict the pipe friction resistance in the rock stratum.The research results have certain practica-bility and can provide a reference for similar projects.

大直径长距离曲线顶管施工测量关键技术及应用

顶管施工测量是顶管施工技术中重要的组成部分,其目的是实时测量顶管机的空间位置,指导顶管机沿设计轴线开挖,直至顺利贯通。以上海某污水排管工程为背景,结合项目大直径、长距离曲线顶管的特点,从地面控制测量、顶管施工导墙测量等方面阐述了顶管施工测量关键技术,验证了该技术的可行性,保证了顶管施工质量。

World’s first implementation of close-fit pipe jacking of twin tunnels for construction of subway station--Innovation in equipment and construction technology

1 Project overview The Shasan station of Phase II of Shenzhen’s urban rail transit Line 12 is situated in Bao’an District,Shenzhen.It comprises a two-level underground island platform station,measuring 212 m in length,and 22.6 m in width,with an overburden thickness of about 7.0 m.Fig.1 illustrates the presence of a large underground reinforced concrete stormwater culvert,measuring 11.5 m by 3.6 m,traversing the station’s center.

Evaluation on cutting performance of novel PDC cutter for pipe jacking machine

It is inevitable to cut reinforced concrete(RC)appeared in cross passage of city metro by cutting tools when constructing in densely populated area.The previous cutters employed to cut RC are insufficient and easily damaged,so a new polycrystalline diamond compact(PDC)cutter is used to solve this question.Based on the theoretical analysis of cutting mechanism,both circular and tapered PDC cutters with cutting edge angle of 90and negative front rack angle of 10are used to cut RC.The peeling and breaking patterns of cutting concrete are proposed,the nodular and grainy chips are the preferred modes in cutting steel bars.The LS-DYNA is employed to investigate the cutting performance in advance.The simulation results show that the average and peak cutting forces increase with the growth of penetration depth,cutting speed,and roundness,and subsequently the recommended penetration depth less than 1.2 mm is obtained to cut RC due to the existence of steel bars.Moreover,the linear cutting platform is adopted to investigate the force ability and damage state of PDC cutters.It is concluded that the cutting force increases abruptly and fluctuates heavily when cutting the coarse aggregates.The patterns occurred in both numerical and experimental results are generally similar.Notably,the steel bar is pulled out and the PDC cutter is damaged at the penetration depth of 0.8 mm,while a good cut occurs at the penetration depth of 0.3 mm.The tapered PDC cutter with a relatively low cutting force is prone to be broken compared with circular PDC cutter.It is suggested that the circular PDC cutter at the penetration depth of 0.3 mm should be used to cut RC in practical engineering.

大截面矩形顶管施工对既有管线影响研究

顶管施工会扰动邻近建筑物,危及工程安全。该文以苏州市城北路综合管廊元和塘段顶管工程为背景,通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立三维模型,研究顶管下穿地下管线施工对管周土及既有管线影响,并基于极限分析方法探讨了管线失稳模式。结果表明:大直径矩形顶管顶进方向的影响范围约为2倍顶管宽度,两侧的影响范围约为1倍顶管宽度,地下管线到顶管轴线的水平距离为0.5倍~1倍顶管宽度时,应注意管线受到的水平方向附加荷载是否会导致管线破坏;管线与顶管相对位置对管线破坏影响较为显著,越靠近顶管的管线破坏越严重,滑移线由顶管两侧经由管线向地面发展,破坏部位由管线顶部两侧延伸至底部;除受与顶管相对位置影响外,管线破坏模式还受矩形顶管形状影响,管线顶部及靠近顶管顶角区域破坏风险最大。

软土地层双洞口顶管接收井下沉力学特性研究

相较于常规沉井,顶管接收井几何形式的差异对结构受力、变形的影响规律尚不明确,亟待对此展开深入研究。以武汉市某排水顶管工程矩形接收井为依托,对沉井结构受力及下沉姿态开展现场监测,并利用数值模拟进行了对比验证和拓展研究。结果表明:预设顶管接收洞口引起的结构局部刚度降低,会导致结构在初沉阶段受弯效应增强,从而使接收洞口附近的内层钢筋压应力减小并使钢筋转向受拉状态,并且在下沉后期加剧该处钢筋应力变化幅度;因沉井外壁摩阻力增大而产生的附加应力叠加弯矩作用,使结构内、外层纵向钢筋沿井壁厚度方向的内力分布不均。对软土地层进行土体加固,有利于提高顶管接收井结构稳定性和顶管机头接收精度。

下穿通道施工全过程对既有地铁隧道变形的影响

为研究下穿通道施工全过程对邻近既有地铁隧道的变形影响,以郑州市金水路(西三环至东四环)项目东明路行人非机动车下穿通道工程为背景,采用有限元软件Midas GTS建立三维数值模型,分析顶管及基坑施工过程对既有地铁隧道的变形影响;总结了新建下穿通道施工全过程对邻近既有地铁隧道的水平位移和沉降变化特征,并将模拟值与工程监测数据进行对比分析,验证数值模型的可靠性。结果表明:下穿通道工程施工全过程中诱发地铁1号线隧道的最大水平位移为0.52 mm,最大竖向位移为2.12 mm,既有地铁隧道的水平位移及竖向位移最大值均满足控制标准。本文研究成果可为类似工程的设计、施工和监测提供一定的参考和借鉴。

基于非连续介质力学的多刀盘矩形顶管掘进性能分析

为探明多刀盘矩形顶管的掘进性能,基于非连续介质力学,运用离散元数值建模的手段,建立全尺寸的多刀盘矩形顶管掘进三维离散元模型。模型中考虑刀盘群切削、螺旋输送机排土等多种动态过程,分析刀盘组转动速度对顶管机掘进性能的影响。通过对比分析现场实测与数值计算的刀盘扭矩值,验证了数值模型的有效性与可靠性。研究结果表明,在刀盘群的旋转切削作用下,刀盘附近渣土颗粒的流动性优于土仓内渣土颗粒的流动性,除了靠近刀盘中心区域的渣土颗粒外,其他位置渣土颗粒流动性较好。后置刀盘组的切削作用有利于渣土从土仓向螺旋输送机流动,因此后置刀盘应尽可能靠近螺旋机入口位置布置。刀盘组中两侧刀盘承受的土压力略高于中心的刀盘,且作用在中心鱼尾刀具和辐条周围区域上的压力相对较高。在砂质粉土地层中,考虑到经济与环保效益,刀盘组转速建议控制在2 rpm左右。研究成果可为类似矩形顶管掘进工程的刀盘布置与掘进参数设置提供合理的参考与借鉴。

矩形顶管临近地铁施工地表变形特性

伴随城市地下空间的利用与开发,对于矩形顶管工程的应用愈加广泛,为探究临近地铁隧道情况下,矩形顶管近距离施工时地表的变形规律,依托顶管工程,利用MIDAS-GTS-NX软件进行顶管施工全过程模拟,分析了各施工参数数值的改变对地表变形的影响。结果表明:(1)顶管顶进过程中,顶管机刀盘前方土体受挤压产生隆起变形,后方因地层损失以及出土卸荷而出现地表沉降,开挖面处地表隆起变形较大,地层扰动明显;(2)在一定范围内,增加掘进压力可以有效维持掌子面稳定,减小地表沉降,降低对周围建筑及临近地铁造成损害的风险;(3)增大注浆压力可以控制土体扰动,减小地表沉降,但本工程条件下,超过140 kPa会出现过度补偿作用,反而增加地表沉降;(4)摩阻力相对于掘进压力与注浆压力对地表变形的影响较小,但地表整体沉降反映出随摩阻力增大而增大的趋势。

反拉式顶管法施工联络通道对地铁盾构隧道力学性能影响

为探究采用反拉式顶管法施工盾构隧道联络通道过程中主隧道的力学响应机制,依托北京地铁某盾构区间,建立模拟联络通道施工过程的有限元模型,通过与现场监测数据对比验证模型的准确性。继而研究联络通道施工对主隧道管片间错台位移、特殊管片应力及变形、螺栓受力的影响,并分析反力模式对主隧道管片力学特性的影响。结果表明:1)始发管片破除对主隧道力学性能影响较大,随着联络通道进一步开挖,主隧道受力和变形缓慢增大。2)管片间最大错台位移为1.17 mm,发生在特殊管片与普通管片接缝底部。特殊管片最大拉应力为18.6 MPa,出现在开口的顶、底部;最大压应力为27.0 MPa,出现在开口的腰部;最大横向扩张位移和竖向收敛位移分别为2.13 mm和4.56 mm。主隧道管片环间螺栓最大拉应力为213 MPa。3)背推式反力模式更利于控制开口处的横、竖向位移,反拉式反力模式更利于控制开口对面管片应力变形及其接缝处错动位移。

泥水平衡顶管下穿运营铁路施工安全影响分析

结合某电厂至呼和浩特市长输供热管网工程泥水平衡顶管施工项目,采用数值模拟的方法,对顶管穿越段京包客专、京包铁路、呼王联络线路基及呼王联络线桥梁变形进行仿真分析,揭示泥水平衡套管下穿运营铁路施工对路基及桥梁的影响。结果表明:客专线路路用便梁和管棚加固、普速线路路基采用管棚加固、桥梁基础采用注浆防护后,既有运营铁路路基及桥梁的变形值均能满足铁路运营的安全要求,根据三种不同等级的铁路,所提出的三种加固设计方案均切实有效、可行。

JCCP三点法外压荷载试验与模拟研究

为验证顶进施工法用钢筒混凝土顶管(JCCP)的承载能力,对JCCP进行了三点法外压荷载试验,并采用ABAQUS有限元软件对试验过程进行了模拟,研究了裂缝产生、扩展过程,并对其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:底部支撑梁的圆弧转角及其与管体的接触特性对JCCP裂缝的发展和承载能力有显著的影响,有限元模拟时应考虑这些因素。