As a core part of subsea production systems,subsea control modules(SCMs)are costly,difficult,and expensive to install and inconvenient to use in underwater maintenance.Therefore,performance and function tests must be ...As a core part of subsea production systems,subsea control modules(SCMs)are costly,difficult,and expensive to install and inconvenient to use in underwater maintenance.Therefore,performance and function tests must be carried out before launching SCMs.This study developed a testing device and an SCM test by investigating SCMs and their underwater.The testing device includes four parts:a hydraulic station,an SCM test stand,a signal generating device,and an electronic test unit.First,the basic indices of the testing device were determined from the performance and working parameters of the SCM.Second,the design scheme of the testing device for the SCM was tentatively proposed,and each testing device was designed.Finally,a practical measurement of the SCM,in combination with the hydraulic station,SCM test stand,signal generator,electronic unit,and highpressure water tank,was carried out according to the test requirements.The measurement mainly involved equipment inspection before testing and an experimental test for the SCM.The validity and feasibility of the testing device and method were simultaneously verified through an association test.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the role of endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms in the central sensitization implicated by the visceral hypersensitivity demonstrated in patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）. Dysfuncti...AIM： To investigate the role of endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms in the central sensitization implicated by the visceral hypersensitivity demonstrated in patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）. Dysfunction of modulatory mechanisms would be expected to also result in changes of somatic sensory function. METHODS： Endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms were assessed using heterotopic stimulation and somatic and visceral sensory testing in IBS. Pain intensities （visual analogue scale, VAS 0-100） during suprathreshold rectal distension with a barostat, cold pressor stimulation of the foot and during both stimuli simultaneously （heterotopic stimulation） were recorded in 40 female patients with IBS and 20 female healthy controls. RESULTS： Rectal hypersensitivity （defined by 95% Cl of controls） was seen in 21 （53%）, somatic hypersensitivity in 22 （55%） and both rectal and somatic hypersensitivity in 14 of these IBS patients. Heterotopic stimulation decreased rectal pain intensity by 6 （-11 to -1） in controls, but increased rectal pain by 2 （-3 to ＋6） in all IBS patients （P 〈 0.05） and by 8 （-2 to ＋19） in IBS patients with somatic and visceral hypersensitivity （P 〈 0.02）. CONCLUSION： A majority of IBS patients had abnormal endogenous pain modulation and somatic hypersensitivity as evidence of central sensitization.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0310500)High-Tech Ship Research Projects sponsored by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(2018GXB01)Yantai City school land integration development project(2019XDRHXMPT29)research and development and test platform of underwater production system。
文摘As a core part of subsea production systems,subsea control modules(SCMs)are costly,difficult,and expensive to install and inconvenient to use in underwater maintenance.Therefore,performance and function tests must be carried out before launching SCMs.This study developed a testing device and an SCM test by investigating SCMs and their underwater.The testing device includes four parts:a hydraulic station,an SCM test stand,a signal generating device,and an electronic test unit.First,the basic indices of the testing device were determined from the performance and working parameters of the SCM.Second,the design scheme of the testing device for the SCM was tentatively proposed,and each testing device was designed.Finally,a practical measurement of the SCM,in combination with the hydraulic station,SCM test stand,signal generator,electronic unit,and highpressure water tank,was carried out according to the test requirements.The measurement mainly involved equipment inspection before testing and an experimental test for the SCM.The validity and feasibility of the testing device and method were simultaneously verified through an association test.
基金the Brain-Gut Research Group, Berne, Switzerland
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms in the central sensitization implicated by the visceral hypersensitivity demonstrated in patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）. Dysfunction of modulatory mechanisms would be expected to also result in changes of somatic sensory function. METHODS： Endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms were assessed using heterotopic stimulation and somatic and visceral sensory testing in IBS. Pain intensities （visual analogue scale, VAS 0-100） during suprathreshold rectal distension with a barostat, cold pressor stimulation of the foot and during both stimuli simultaneously （heterotopic stimulation） were recorded in 40 female patients with IBS and 20 female healthy controls. RESULTS： Rectal hypersensitivity （defined by 95% Cl of controls） was seen in 21 （53%）, somatic hypersensitivity in 22 （55%） and both rectal and somatic hypersensitivity in 14 of these IBS patients. Heterotopic stimulation decreased rectal pain intensity by 6 （-11 to -1） in controls, but increased rectal pain by 2 （-3 to ＋6） in all IBS patients （P 〈 0.05） and by 8 （-2 to ＋19） in IBS patients with somatic and visceral hypersensitivity （P 〈 0.02）. CONCLUSION： A majority of IBS patients had abnormal endogenous pain modulation and somatic hypersensitivity as evidence of central sensitization.
