An effective method to fabricate two-helix long-period fiber gratings (TH-LFGs) is presented. Based on the coupling mode theory, the conversion of optical vortices (OVs) in TH-LFGs are analyzed in detail. The conv...An effective method to fabricate two-helix long-period fiber gratings (TH-LFGs) is presented. Based on the coupling mode theory, the conversion of optical vortices (OVs) in TH-LFGs are analyzed in detail. The conversions of OVs with different topological charges: 0 → ±2 and 1 → 3 are simulated as three examples and the conversion efficiency higher than 98% can be realized.展开更多
We demonstrate experimentally fabrication of CO2 laser written long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in single-mode fiber (SMF) under tension. New transmission dips can be generated due to the frozen-in stress in the...We demonstrate experimentally fabrication of CO2 laser written long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in single-mode fiber (SMF) under tension. New transmission dips can be generated due to the frozen-in stress in the fiber under tension. Dynamics analysis of laser writing process is performed to study the mechanism of the grating inscription. Experimental results show that the wavelength shift of new generated resonance dips can shift towards the longer or shorter wavelength with the increase of laser scanning cycles for gratings with different pitches.展开更多
The polarization-dependent loss of UV-written long-period fiber gratings was significantly reduced by increasing the pulse repetition rate of the writing UV beam. The effect is closely related with the enhanced photos...The polarization-dependent loss of UV-written long-period fiber gratings was significantly reduced by increasing the pulse repetition rate of the writing UV beam. The effect is closely related with the enhanced photosensitivity induced by thermal heating.展开更多
We propose and investigate a compact optical fiber sensor that aims to measure the torsion in both amount and direction with high sensitivity.This sensor is configured by a triangular-prism-shaped long-period fiber gr...We propose and investigate a compact optical fiber sensor that aims to measure the torsion in both amount and direction with high sensitivity.This sensor is configured by a triangular-prism-shaped long-period fiber grating,which is fabricated by the high frequency CO_(2) laser polished method.The unique design of the triangular-shaped structure breaks the rotational symmetry of the optical fiber and provides high sensitivity for torsion measurement.In preliminary experiments,the torsion response of the sensor achieves a good stability and linearity.The torsion sensitivity is 0.54 nm/(rad/m),which renders the proposed structure a highly sensitive torsion sensor.展开更多
A full experimental characterization of mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings (MLPFGs) fabricated by pressing a plate with periodic grooves against a short length of fiber is presented. This technique enab...A full experimental characterization of mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings (MLPFGs) fabricated by pressing a plate with periodic grooves against a short length of fiber is presented. This technique enables a good control over the gratings' isolation loss peaks and has high repeatability. The spectra characteristics of MLPFGs are studied with the change of the parameters including pressure, period, and temperature. The produced MLPFGs have low insertion loss (〈 0.2 dB) and the loss peaks can be higher than 20 dB. A large tunability of the resonant wavelength (〉 14 nm) is achieved through adjusting pres- sure grooves' period. The center wavelength temperature sensitivities of 0.057, 0.086 nm/℃, and resonant peak temperature sensitivities of 0.230, 0.312 dB/℃, are achieved for jacketed and unjacketed fibers, respectively. These MLPFGs, which are simple and inexpensive, also offer the unique advantages of being tunable, erasable, and reconfigurable.展开更多
A novel method for designing chalcogenide long-period fiber grating(LPFG) sensors based on the dual-peak resonance effect of the LPFG near the phase matching turning point(PMTP) is presented. Refractive index sensing ...A novel method for designing chalcogenide long-period fiber grating(LPFG) sensors based on the dual-peak resonance effect of the LPFG near the phase matching turning point(PMTP) is presented. Refractive index sensing in a high-refractive-index chalcogenide fiber is achieved with a coated thinly clad film. The dual-peak resonant characteristics near the PMTP and the refractive index sensing properties of the LPFG are analyzed first by the phase-matching condition of the LPFG. The effects of film parameters and cladding radius on the sensitivity of refractive index sensing are further discussed. The sensor is optimized by selecting the appropriate film parameters and cladding radius. Simulation results show that the ambient refractive index sensitivity of a dual-peak coated thinly clad chalcogenide LPFG at the PMTP can be 2400 nm/RIU, which is significantly higher than that of non-optimized gratings. It has great application potential in the field of chemical sensing and biosensors.展开更多
A refractive index intensity detecting sensor with long-period grating written in the single-mode–thin-core–single-mode fiber(STS) structure is proposed and optimized theoretically.The sensor is composed of two sing...A refractive index intensity detecting sensor with long-period grating written in the single-mode–thin-core–single-mode fiber(STS) structure is proposed and optimized theoretically.The sensor is composed of two single-mode fibers connected by a section of long-period fiber grating fabricated on thin-core fiber.After optimization and benefitting from the phase matching point, the loss peak of the structure can reach 62.8dB theoretically.The wavelength of the characteristic peak is fixed at the phase matching point, so intensity detection can be achieved.The sensitivity can reach 272.5dB/RIU.The structural optimization in this Letter provides a reference for the fabrication of an easy-made all-fiber sensor without extra cladding.展开更多
Thermo-poro-mechanical responses along sliding zone/surface have been extensively studied.However,it has not been recognized that the potential contribution of other crucial engineering geological interfaces beyond th...Thermo-poro-mechanical responses along sliding zone/surface have been extensively studied.However,it has not been recognized that the potential contribution of other crucial engineering geological interfaces beyond the slip surface to progressive failure.Here,we aim to investigate the subsurface multiphysics of reservoir landslides under two extreme hydrologic conditions(i.e.wet and dry),particularly within sliding masses.Based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating(UWFBG)technology,we employ specialpurpose fiber optic sensing cables that can be implanted into boreholes as“nerves of the Earth”to collect data on soil temperature,water content,pore water pressure,and strain.The Xinpu landslide in the middle reach of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China was selected as a case study to establish a paradigm for in situ thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical monitoring.These UWFBG-based sensing cables were vertically buried in a 31 m-deep borehole at the foot of the landslide,with a resolution of 1 m except for the pressure sensor.We reported field measurements covering the period 2021 and 2022 and produced the spatiotemporal profiles throughout the borehole.Results show that wet years are more likely to motivate landslide motions than dry years.The annual thermally active layer of the landslide has a critical depth of roughly 9 m and might move downward in warmer years.The dynamic groundwater table is located at depths of 9e15 m,where the peaked strain undergoes a periodical response of leap and withdrawal to annual hydrometeorological cycles.These interface behaviors may support the interpretation of the contribution of reservoir regulation to slope stability,allowing us to correlate them to local damage events and potential global destabilization.This paper also offers a natural framework for interpreting thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical signatures from creeping reservoir bank slopes,which may form the basis for a landslide monitoring and early warning system.展开更多
We propose and demonstrate a dual-channel microfluidic sensor based on a side-hole fiber(SHF)with two longperiod fiber grating(LPFG)structures.There are two air holes in the SHF,which are natural microfluidic channels...We propose and demonstrate a dual-channel microfluidic sensor based on a side-hole fiber(SHF)with two longperiod fiber grating(LPFG)structures.There are two air holes in the SHF,which are natural microfluidic channels.We fabricate two LPFGs(long-period gratings LPG-A and LPG-B)in the SHF with the resonance wavelengths of 1268.7 nm and 1385.8 nm,respectively.Results show that the refractive index sensitivities of LPG-A and LPG-B are?76.0 nm/RIU and?71.1 nm/RIU,respectively.One can measure the refractive index of liquid samples in two channels simultaneously.The proposed dual-channel microfluidic sensor has advantages of good linearity response,fluidic technology compatibility,and easy light input/output coupling and system integration,which helps the sensor to have a potential application in environmental detection and food safety detection.展开更多
Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zones is of great significance for understanding the landslide evolution mechanism,in which fiber optic strain sensing has shown great potential.However,the cor-relation between...Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zones is of great significance for understanding the landslide evolution mechanism,in which fiber optic strain sensing has shown great potential.However,the cor-relation between strain measurements of quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensing arrays and shear displacements of surrounding soil remains elusive.In this study,a direct shear model test was conducted to simulate the shear deformation of sliding zones,in which the soil internal deformation was captured using FBG strain sensors and the soil surface deformation was measured by particle image velocimetry(PIV).The test results show that there were two main slip surfaces and two secondary ones,developing a spindle-shaped shear band in the soil.The formation of the shear band was successfully captured by FBG sensors.A sinusoidal model was proposed to describe the fiber optic cable deformation behavior.On this basis,the shear displacements and shear band widths were calculated by using strain measurements.This work provides important insight into the deduction of soil shear deformation using soil-embedded FBG strain sensors.展开更多
The performances of two liquid level sensors based on long-period fiber gratings are studied. The long- period gratings (LPGs) have similar characteristics (length and period), but are fabricated with two pho- tos...The performances of two liquid level sensors based on long-period fiber gratings are studied. The long- period gratings (LPGs) have similar characteristics (length and period), but are fabricated with two pho- tosensitive B-Ge co-doped fibers with different dopant concentrations. We investigate the temperature sensitivities of LPGs and exploit their refractive index sensitivity to implement liquid level measurement. By controlling fiber parameters, such as the dopant concentrations, the measurement sensitivity of a LPG- based fiber optic liouid level sensor can be improved.展开更多
A modified multiwavelength actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this kind of laser, stable multiwavelengths lasing is achieved by integrating cascaded sampled fiber Bra...A modified multiwavelength actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this kind of laser, stable multiwavelengths lasing is achieved by integrating cascaded sampled fiber Bragg gratings(SFBGs) into the laser cavity. To implement actively mode-locking technique, a double-ring cavity configuration is used to assure that the cavity lengths for all wavelengths lasing are identical. Thus, simultaneous mode locking of all wavelengths has been successfully achieved by using the same mode-locking signal.展开更多
The effect of irradiation on the strain sensitivity coefficient of strain sensing fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) has been investigated through experiments. FBGs were fabricated in single mode fibers with 3 tool% Ge-con...The effect of irradiation on the strain sensitivity coefficient of strain sensing fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) has been investigated through experiments. FBGs were fabricated in single mode fibers with 3 tool% Ge-concentration in the core and with a H2-1oading treatment. In experiments, the FBGs were subjected to y-radiation exposures using a Co6~ source at a dose-rate of 25 Gy/min up to a total dose of 10.5 kGy. The GeO defect in fiber absorbs photons to form a GeE' defect; the interaction with H2 is a probable reason for the y-radiation sensitivity of gratings written in hydrogen loaded fibres, The effect mechanism of radiation on the strain sensitivity coefficient is similar to that of radiation on the temperature sensitivity coefficient. Radiation affects the effective index neff, which results in the change of the thermo-optic coefficient and the strain-optic coefficient. Irradiation can change the strain sensitivity coefficient of FBGs by 1.48%-2.71%, as well as changing the Bragg wavelength shift (BWS) by 22 pm-25 pm under a total dose of 10.5 kGy. Our research demonstrates that the effect of irradiation on the strain sensitivity coefficient of FBG is small and that strain sensing FBGs can work well in the radiation environment.展开更多
Liquid composite moulding (LCM) processes are used to manufacture high quality and complex-shaped composite parts in the automotive, marine, aerospace and civil industries. On-line sensing plays an important role in c...Liquid composite moulding (LCM) processes are used to manufacture high quality and complex-shaped composite parts in the automotive, marine, aerospace and civil industries. On-line sensing plays an important role in controlling the quality of the final product in the LCM manufacturing environment. The long-period fiber grating (LPG) technology, a new real-time fiber optic sensor system, was developed to monitor the flow front progression. The sensor operation and characterization under various process conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results showed that LPG sensors were robust and reliable to detect the arrival of resin at pre-selected locations in structures with low-medium fiber volume fraction; however were limited at different depths in structures with high fiber volume fraction.展开更多
By employing three reflecting volume Bragg gratings, a near-infrared 4-channel spectral-beam-combining system is demonstrated to present 720 W combined power with a combining efficiency of 94.7%. The combined laser be...By employing three reflecting volume Bragg gratings, a near-infrared 4-channel spectral-beam-combining system is demonstrated to present 720 W combined power with a combining efficiency of 94.7%. The combined laser beam is near-diffraction-limited with a beam factor M^2-1.54. During this 4-channel beam-combining process, no special active cooling measures are used to evaluate the volume Bragg gratings as combining elements are under the higher power laser operation. Thermal expansion and period distortion are verified in a 2 k W 2-channel beam-combining process, and the heat issue in the transmission case is found to be more remarkable than that in the diffraction e-se. Transmitted and diffracted beams experience wave-front aberrations with different degrees, thus leading to distinct beam deterioration.展开更多
In this article,we review recent advances in the technology of writing fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)in selected cores of multicore fibers(MCFs)by using femtosecond laser pulses.The writing technology of such a key elemen...In this article,we review recent advances in the technology of writing fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)in selected cores of multicore fibers(MCFs)by using femtosecond laser pulses.The writing technology of such a key element as the FBG opens up wide opportunities for the creation of next generation fiber lasers and sensors based on MCFs.The advantages of the technology are shown by using the examples of 3D shape sensors,acoustic emission sensors with spatially multiplexed channels,as well as multicore fiber Raman lasers.展开更多
We report the fabrication of long period gratings in fluid-cladding microfibers by directly focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the microfibers surface to induce periodical modification a long one side of the microfi...We report the fabrication of long period gratings in fluid-cladding microfibers by directly focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the microfibers surface to induce periodical modification a long one side of the microfibers.A long period grating is fabricated in a water-cladding microfiber with a diameter of~5μm,which demonstrates a resonant attenuation of 28.53 dB at wavelength of 1588.1 nm with 10 pitches.When water cladding is changed to be refractive index oil of n=1.33 and alcohol solution with concentration of 5%,the resonance wavelength shifts to 1575.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 24.91 dB and 1594.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 35.9 dB,respectively.The long period grating demonstrates different temperature sensitivities of-0.524 nm/℃,-0.767 nm/℃and-1.316 nm/℃for water,alcohol solution and refractive index oil cladding microfibers,respectively,which means the alterable liquid cladding allows the availability of tunable wavelength and sensitivity.The fluid-cladding protects the microfibers from external disturbance and contamination and allows more flexibility in controlling the transmission property and sensing characteristics of long period gratings,which can be used as fiber devices and sensors for chemical,biological,and environmental applications.展开更多
In this presentation the feasibility and capability of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) employed in bridge health monitoring are demonstrated on a real bridge. FBG’s wavelength shift depending on strain variance has been t...In this presentation the feasibility and capability of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) employed in bridge health monitoring are demonstrated on a real bridge. FBG’s wavelength shift depending on strain variance has been tested. The technique of FBG installation on bridges has been developed. 12 FBG strain sensors and 3 temperature sensors have been successfully embedded in the prestressed concrete box girder during the construction of Heilongjiang Hulan River Bridge. The prestressing tension process and quasi-static loading process of the girder were monitored with those sensors before it was installed onto the bridge. After the bridge was completed, the FBG sensors embedded have been utilized to monitor the strain shift of the beam under quasi-static load, traffic load and temperature. The results show that the traffic fluxes, possible fatigue damage and deflection of the bridge can be revealed conveniently through strain measurements with these FBG sensors, which provide key information for structural health diagnosis. The fact that the FBG strain sensors have withstood the ordeal of harsh construction process and lasted for more than one year proves that their durability and stability can satisfy the requirements for bridge health monitoring. It is also shown that the FBG strain sensor is more adaptive to long-term structural health monitoring than the electric resistance strain gauge.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61275049
文摘An effective method to fabricate two-helix long-period fiber gratings (TH-LFGs) is presented. Based on the coupling mode theory, the conversion of optical vortices (OVs) in TH-LFGs are analyzed in detail. The conversions of OVs with different topological charges: 0 → ±2 and 1 → 3 are simulated as three examples and the conversion efficiency higher than 98% can be realized.
基金Project supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program (Grant No.09PJ1404600)the New Century Excellent Talents in University, Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.NCET-10-0082)+1 种基金the Shanghai Shuguang Program (Grant No.08SG40)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.S30108)
文摘We demonstrate experimentally fabrication of CO2 laser written long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in single-mode fiber (SMF) under tension. New transmission dips can be generated due to the frozen-in stress in the fiber under tension. Dynamics analysis of laser writing process is performed to study the mechanism of the grating inscription. Experimental results show that the wavelength shift of new generated resonance dips can shift towards the longer or shorter wavelength with the increase of laser scanning cycles for gratings with different pitches.
文摘The polarization-dependent loss of UV-written long-period fiber gratings was significantly reduced by increasing the pulse repetition rate of the writing UV beam. The effect is closely related with the enhanced photosensitivity induced by thermal heating.
基金supported by the Joint Research Fund in Astronomy under cooperative agreement between the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Nos.U1831115,U1631239,and U1931206)the Dean Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing(No.GXKL06190106)the Key Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2019H003)。
文摘We propose and investigate a compact optical fiber sensor that aims to measure the torsion in both amount and direction with high sensitivity.This sensor is configured by a triangular-prism-shaped long-period fiber grating,which is fabricated by the high frequency CO_(2) laser polished method.The unique design of the triangular-shaped structure breaks the rotational symmetry of the optical fiber and provides high sensitivity for torsion measurement.In preliminary experiments,the torsion response of the sensor achieves a good stability and linearity.The torsion sensitivity is 0.54 nm/(rad/m),which renders the proposed structure a highly sensitive torsion sensor.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. Z2006G06)the Excellent Youth Scientist Award Foundation of Shan-dong Province (No. 2006BS01001)
文摘A full experimental characterization of mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings (MLPFGs) fabricated by pressing a plate with periodic grooves against a short length of fiber is presented. This technique enables a good control over the gratings' isolation loss peaks and has high repeatability. The spectra characteristics of MLPFGs are studied with the change of the parameters including pressure, period, and temperature. The produced MLPFGs have low insertion loss (〈 0.2 dB) and the loss peaks can be higher than 20 dB. A large tunability of the resonant wavelength (〉 14 nm) is achieved through adjusting pres- sure grooves' period. The center wavelength temperature sensitivities of 0.057, 0.086 nm/℃, and resonant peak temperature sensitivities of 0.230, 0.312 dB/℃, are achieved for jacketed and unjacketed fibers, respectively. These MLPFGs, which are simple and inexpensive, also offer the unique advantages of being tunable, erasable, and reconfigurable.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62075107,61935006,62090064,and62090065)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘A novel method for designing chalcogenide long-period fiber grating(LPFG) sensors based on the dual-peak resonance effect of the LPFG near the phase matching turning point(PMTP) is presented. Refractive index sensing in a high-refractive-index chalcogenide fiber is achieved with a coated thinly clad film. The dual-peak resonant characteristics near the PMTP and the refractive index sensing properties of the LPFG are analyzed first by the phase-matching condition of the LPFG. The effects of film parameters and cladding radius on the sensitivity of refractive index sensing are further discussed. The sensor is optimized by selecting the appropriate film parameters and cladding radius. Simulation results show that the ambient refractive index sensitivity of a dual-peak coated thinly clad chalcogenide LPFG at the PMTP can be 2400 nm/RIU, which is significantly higher than that of non-optimized gratings. It has great application potential in the field of chemical sensing and biosensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61827817 and 61525501)
文摘A refractive index intensity detecting sensor with long-period grating written in the single-mode–thin-core–single-mode fiber(STS) structure is proposed and optimized theoretically.The sensor is composed of two single-mode fibers connected by a section of long-period fiber grating fabricated on thin-core fiber.After optimization and benefitting from the phase matching point, the loss peak of the structure can reach 62.8dB theoretically.The wavelength of the characteristic peak is fixed at the phase matching point, so intensity detection can be achieved.The sensitivity can reach 272.5dB/RIU.The structural optimization in this Letter provides a reference for the fabrication of an easy-made all-fiber sensor without extra cladding.
基金We acknowledge the funding support from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42225702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42077235).
文摘Thermo-poro-mechanical responses along sliding zone/surface have been extensively studied.However,it has not been recognized that the potential contribution of other crucial engineering geological interfaces beyond the slip surface to progressive failure.Here,we aim to investigate the subsurface multiphysics of reservoir landslides under two extreme hydrologic conditions(i.e.wet and dry),particularly within sliding masses.Based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating(UWFBG)technology,we employ specialpurpose fiber optic sensing cables that can be implanted into boreholes as“nerves of the Earth”to collect data on soil temperature,water content,pore water pressure,and strain.The Xinpu landslide in the middle reach of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China was selected as a case study to establish a paradigm for in situ thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical monitoring.These UWFBG-based sensing cables were vertically buried in a 31 m-deep borehole at the foot of the landslide,with a resolution of 1 m except for the pressure sensor.We reported field measurements covering the period 2021 and 2022 and produced the spatiotemporal profiles throughout the borehole.Results show that wet years are more likely to motivate landslide motions than dry years.The annual thermally active layer of the landslide has a critical depth of roughly 9 m and might move downward in warmer years.The dynamic groundwater table is located at depths of 9e15 m,where the peaked strain undergoes a periodical response of leap and withdrawal to annual hydrometeorological cycles.These interface behaviors may support the interpretation of the contribution of reservoir regulation to slope stability,allowing us to correlate them to local damage events and potential global destabilization.This paper also offers a natural framework for interpreting thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical signatures from creeping reservoir bank slopes,which may form the basis for a landslide monitoring and early warning system.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1503703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61975039,61675053,61775047,and 61705051)+1 种基金the 111 Project(No.B13015)the Fundamental Research Funds for Harbin Engineering University of China。
文摘We propose and demonstrate a dual-channel microfluidic sensor based on a side-hole fiber(SHF)with two longperiod fiber grating(LPFG)structures.There are two air holes in the SHF,which are natural microfluidic channels.We fabricate two LPFGs(long-period gratings LPG-A and LPG-B)in the SHF with the resonance wavelengths of 1268.7 nm and 1385.8 nm,respectively.Results show that the refractive index sensitivities of LPG-A and LPG-B are?76.0 nm/RIU and?71.1 nm/RIU,respectively.One can measure the refractive index of liquid samples in two channels simultaneously.The proposed dual-channel microfluidic sensor has advantages of good linearity response,fluidic technology compatibility,and easy light input/output coupling and system integration,which helps the sensor to have a potential application in environmental detection and food safety detection.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42225702 and 42077235)the Open Research Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City(University of Macao)(Grant No.SKL-IoTSC(UM)-2021-2023/ORP/GA10/2022)。
文摘Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zones is of great significance for understanding the landslide evolution mechanism,in which fiber optic strain sensing has shown great potential.However,the cor-relation between strain measurements of quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensing arrays and shear displacements of surrounding soil remains elusive.In this study,a direct shear model test was conducted to simulate the shear deformation of sliding zones,in which the soil internal deformation was captured using FBG strain sensors and the soil surface deformation was measured by particle image velocimetry(PIV).The test results show that there were two main slip surfaces and two secondary ones,developing a spindle-shaped shear band in the soil.The formation of the shear band was successfully captured by FBG sensors.A sinusoidal model was proposed to describe the fiber optic cable deformation behavior.On this basis,the shear displacements and shear band widths were calculated by using strain measurements.This work provides important insight into the deduction of soil shear deformation using soil-embedded FBG strain sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60907020
文摘The performances of two liquid level sensors based on long-period fiber gratings are studied. The long- period gratings (LPGs) have similar characteristics (length and period), but are fabricated with two pho- tosensitive B-Ge co-doped fibers with different dopant concentrations. We investigate the temperature sensitivities of LPGs and exploit their refractive index sensitivity to implement liquid level measurement. By controlling fiber parameters, such as the dopant concentrations, the measurement sensitivity of a LPG- based fiber optic liouid level sensor can be improved.
文摘A modified multiwavelength actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this kind of laser, stable multiwavelengths lasing is achieved by integrating cascaded sampled fiber Bragg gratings(SFBGs) into the laser cavity. To implement actively mode-locking technique, a double-ring cavity configuration is used to assure that the cavity lengths for all wavelengths lasing are identical. Thus, simultaneous mode locking of all wavelengths has been successfully achieved by using the same mode-locking signal.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61007040)
文摘The effect of irradiation on the strain sensitivity coefficient of strain sensing fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) has been investigated through experiments. FBGs were fabricated in single mode fibers with 3 tool% Ge-concentration in the core and with a H2-1oading treatment. In experiments, the FBGs were subjected to y-radiation exposures using a Co6~ source at a dose-rate of 25 Gy/min up to a total dose of 10.5 kGy. The GeO defect in fiber absorbs photons to form a GeE' defect; the interaction with H2 is a probable reason for the y-radiation sensitivity of gratings written in hydrogen loaded fibres, The effect mechanism of radiation on the strain sensitivity coefficient is similar to that of radiation on the temperature sensitivity coefficient. Radiation affects the effective index neff, which results in the change of the thermo-optic coefficient and the strain-optic coefficient. Irradiation can change the strain sensitivity coefficient of FBGs by 1.48%-2.71%, as well as changing the Bragg wavelength shift (BWS) by 22 pm-25 pm under a total dose of 10.5 kGy. Our research demonstrates that the effect of irradiation on the strain sensitivity coefficient of FBG is small and that strain sensing FBGs can work well in the radiation environment.
基金This work was supported by the National High-Tech Foundation(863)under the gr ant 2001AA335020.
文摘Liquid composite moulding (LCM) processes are used to manufacture high quality and complex-shaped composite parts in the automotive, marine, aerospace and civil industries. On-line sensing plays an important role in controlling the quality of the final product in the LCM manufacturing environment. The long-period fiber grating (LPG) technology, a new real-time fiber optic sensor system, was developed to monitor the flow front progression. The sensor operation and characterization under various process conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results showed that LPG sensors were robust and reliable to detect the arrival of resin at pre-selected locations in structures with low-medium fiber volume fraction; however were limited at different depths in structures with high fiber volume fraction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11474257 and 61605183
文摘By employing three reflecting volume Bragg gratings, a near-infrared 4-channel spectral-beam-combining system is demonstrated to present 720 W combined power with a combining efficiency of 94.7%. The combined laser beam is near-diffraction-limited with a beam factor M^2-1.54. During this 4-channel beam-combining process, no special active cooling measures are used to evaluate the volume Bragg gratings as combining elements are under the higher power laser operation. Thermal expansion and period distortion are verified in a 2 k W 2-channel beam-combining process, and the heat issue in the transmission case is found to be more remarkable than that in the diffraction e-se. Transmitted and diffracted beams experience wave-front aberrations with different degrees, thus leading to distinct beam deterioration.
基金supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (14.Y26.31.0017)Russian Foundation for Basic Research(18-52-7822)the work concerning MCF fiber Raman lasers was supported by Russian Science Foundation (21-72-30024)
文摘In this article,we review recent advances in the technology of writing fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)in selected cores of multicore fibers(MCFs)by using femtosecond laser pulses.The writing technology of such a key element as the FBG opens up wide opportunities for the creation of next generation fiber lasers and sensors based on MCFs.The advantages of the technology are shown by using the examples of 3D shape sensors,acoustic emission sensors with spatially multiplexed channels,as well as multicore fiber Raman lasers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61605168 and 61735011)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant Nos.F2016203392 and F2021203058)+1 种基金the College and University Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.QN2016078)the Intramural Doctoral Foundation of Yanshan University(Grant No.B1011).
文摘We report the fabrication of long period gratings in fluid-cladding microfibers by directly focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the microfibers surface to induce periodical modification a long one side of the microfibers.A long period grating is fabricated in a water-cladding microfiber with a diameter of~5μm,which demonstrates a resonant attenuation of 28.53 dB at wavelength of 1588.1 nm with 10 pitches.When water cladding is changed to be refractive index oil of n=1.33 and alcohol solution with concentration of 5%,the resonance wavelength shifts to 1575.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 24.91 dB and 1594.1 nm with resonant attenuation of 35.9 dB,respectively.The long period grating demonstrates different temperature sensitivities of-0.524 nm/℃,-0.767 nm/℃and-1.316 nm/℃for water,alcohol solution and refractive index oil cladding microfibers,respectively,which means the alterable liquid cladding allows the availability of tunable wavelength and sensitivity.The fluid-cladding protects the microfibers from external disturbance and contamination and allows more flexibility in controlling the transmission property and sensing characteristics of long period gratings,which can be used as fiber devices and sensors for chemical,biological,and environmental applications.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10402010).
文摘In this presentation the feasibility and capability of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) employed in bridge health monitoring are demonstrated on a real bridge. FBG’s wavelength shift depending on strain variance has been tested. The technique of FBG installation on bridges has been developed. 12 FBG strain sensors and 3 temperature sensors have been successfully embedded in the prestressed concrete box girder during the construction of Heilongjiang Hulan River Bridge. The prestressing tension process and quasi-static loading process of the girder were monitored with those sensors before it was installed onto the bridge. After the bridge was completed, the FBG sensors embedded have been utilized to monitor the strain shift of the beam under quasi-static load, traffic load and temperature. The results show that the traffic fluxes, possible fatigue damage and deflection of the bridge can be revealed conveniently through strain measurements with these FBG sensors, which provide key information for structural health diagnosis. The fact that the FBG strain sensors have withstood the ordeal of harsh construction process and lasted for more than one year proves that their durability and stability can satisfy the requirements for bridge health monitoring. It is also shown that the FBG strain sensor is more adaptive to long-term structural health monitoring than the electric resistance strain gauge.