Public-private partnerships(PPPs) have reshaped the institutional structure of global governance.They have advanced collaboration on core issues such as health, clean energy, the rights of women and children, and acce...Public-private partnerships(PPPs) have reshaped the institutional structure of global governance.They have advanced collaboration on core issues such as health, clean energy, the rights of women and children, and access to infrastructure, among others. But which actors create and finance public-private partnerships in global governance to advance such objectives? What are the implications of the agency behind such collaboration for influencing the global agenda on sustainable development? While some scholars and advocacy groups see the growing role of private actors as a powershift away from public institutions, others argue that such arrangements tend to be complementary to public mandates and indeed may provide a new means for international institutions to pursue such mandates. The article probes this debate by analyzing the type of actors that finance global health partnerships, an area in which the influence of hybrid initiatives is particularly prominent. It reveals that public financing remains a core and necessary condition for the emergence and functioning of PPPs. The growing share of private financing,nonetheless, has important implications for shaping partnerships agendas and steering global health and sustainability governance. Rather than a powershift or abdication of responsibilities by the state, there is rather a tendency of deliberate diffusion of power by donors toward hybrid structures.展开更多
Contractors working with the Public sector encounter numerous challenges in financing projects in Ghana. The challenges which have persisted over the years are both financial and managerial. This paper seeks to ascert...Contractors working with the Public sector encounter numerous challenges in financing projects in Ghana. The challenges which have persisted over the years are both financial and managerial. This paper seeks to ascertain the extent to which contractors’ challenges in acquiring funds to execute public sector projects have been solved. The study involved both qualitative and quantitative methods to ascertain the various strategies the contractors go through to obtain public sector projects focusing on the challenges associated with the project execution. The study revealed that delayed payments and inadequate cash flow on the part of government, lack of credit worthiness and inadequate collateral security from contractors are key determinants to challenges associated with financing public sector projects in Ghana. This paper recommends the establishment of a Construction Development Authority (CDA), within the Ministry of Works and Housing to develop financial plans, policies and laws for this important sector of the economy.展开更多
This paper presents an assessment of the extent and conditions under which private financing can be a realistic approach for sanitation in slums. It is based on a cross-sectional study comparing two slum communities i...This paper presents an assessment of the extent and conditions under which private financing can be a realistic approach for sanitation in slums. It is based on a cross-sectional study comparing two slum communities in East Africa, where 250 households from Bwaise III in Kampala, Uganda and 379 households from Temeke in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were interviewed in 2010. Also, 10 key-informant interviews and 8 focus group discussions were conducted in addition to field observations. Findings show that majority (85%) of households used unimproved, private-shared pit latrines. These privately owned latrines had many structural shortfalls besides poor operation and maintenance while the public latrines provided by third-party were structurally sound but were under-utilized in residential slum neighorhoods. This is attributed to the presence free or at least cheaper alternatives which the community members preferred instead of paying per-visit user-fees. For the few who were willing to pay, willingness to pay was positively associated with the presence of a facility User committee and having been sensitized. In this context, a combination of these factors made cost recovery as well as operation and maintenance very minimal. The poor status of privately owned shared pit latrines matched the limited income levels of households. Similarly, cost recovery for public facilities was dependent on the number of users who were willing to pay: the more the users, the more the cost recovery. A combination of private and public financing is thus necessary to fund different but complementary aspects of sanitation in slums.展开更多
The introduction and implementation of finansijsko upravljanje i kontrola(FUK,financial management and control[FMC])in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina(FBiH)aims to incorporate a modern public internal financial c...The introduction and implementation of finansijsko upravljanje i kontrola(FUK,financial management and control[FMC])in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina(FBiH)aims to incorporate a modern public internal financial control(PIFC)system into traditional public resources management models.This area is one of the reform areas in which Bosnia and Herzegovina(BiH)is obliged to harmonize the legislative framework and practice with the good practices and regulations recommended by the European Commission.The establishment and development of the PIFC are also an obligation of Bosnia and Herzegovina established by the Stabilization and Association Agreement between the European Community and the member states,of the one part,and Bosnia and Herzegovina,of the other part.The public internal financial control(PIFC)system focuses on enhancing transparency,financial discipline,and dedicated use of public resources,that is,transparent,economical,efficient,and effective management of public resources,and control of the use of those resources.The topic of this paper is“financial management and control in the public sector”where the aim is to show,through the conducted theoretical research,the level of achievement of the establishment of this system in public sector institutions in BiH.The European Union wants to direct all potential member countries towards development of internal controls in the use of their own resources,but also to create a control environment that would ensure the dedicated use of EU funds.In Bosnia and Herzegovina,there is no single legal framework in terms of a single law governing public internal financial controls.The contents of the applicable legal provisions at all three levels(BiH,FBiH,and Republic of Srpska[RS])are largely congruent thanks to the Coordination Committee of Central Harmonization Units(CHJs)in Bosnia and Herzegovina,through which the harmonization of regulations and practices in the development of public internal financial controls is ensured.展开更多
基金support from the Swiss Network of International Studies(SNIS project 3369)for this interdisciplinary project
文摘Public-private partnerships(PPPs) have reshaped the institutional structure of global governance.They have advanced collaboration on core issues such as health, clean energy, the rights of women and children, and access to infrastructure, among others. But which actors create and finance public-private partnerships in global governance to advance such objectives? What are the implications of the agency behind such collaboration for influencing the global agenda on sustainable development? While some scholars and advocacy groups see the growing role of private actors as a powershift away from public institutions, others argue that such arrangements tend to be complementary to public mandates and indeed may provide a new means for international institutions to pursue such mandates. The article probes this debate by analyzing the type of actors that finance global health partnerships, an area in which the influence of hybrid initiatives is particularly prominent. It reveals that public financing remains a core and necessary condition for the emergence and functioning of PPPs. The growing share of private financing,nonetheless, has important implications for shaping partnerships agendas and steering global health and sustainability governance. Rather than a powershift or abdication of responsibilities by the state, there is rather a tendency of deliberate diffusion of power by donors toward hybrid structures.
文摘Contractors working with the Public sector encounter numerous challenges in financing projects in Ghana. The challenges which have persisted over the years are both financial and managerial. This paper seeks to ascertain the extent to which contractors’ challenges in acquiring funds to execute public sector projects have been solved. The study involved both qualitative and quantitative methods to ascertain the various strategies the contractors go through to obtain public sector projects focusing on the challenges associated with the project execution. The study revealed that delayed payments and inadequate cash flow on the part of government, lack of credit worthiness and inadequate collateral security from contractors are key determinants to challenges associated with financing public sector projects in Ghana. This paper recommends the establishment of a Construction Development Authority (CDA), within the Ministry of Works and Housing to develop financial plans, policies and laws for this important sector of the economy.
文摘This paper presents an assessment of the extent and conditions under which private financing can be a realistic approach for sanitation in slums. It is based on a cross-sectional study comparing two slum communities in East Africa, where 250 households from Bwaise III in Kampala, Uganda and 379 households from Temeke in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were interviewed in 2010. Also, 10 key-informant interviews and 8 focus group discussions were conducted in addition to field observations. Findings show that majority (85%) of households used unimproved, private-shared pit latrines. These privately owned latrines had many structural shortfalls besides poor operation and maintenance while the public latrines provided by third-party were structurally sound but were under-utilized in residential slum neighorhoods. This is attributed to the presence free or at least cheaper alternatives which the community members preferred instead of paying per-visit user-fees. For the few who were willing to pay, willingness to pay was positively associated with the presence of a facility User committee and having been sensitized. In this context, a combination of these factors made cost recovery as well as operation and maintenance very minimal. The poor status of privately owned shared pit latrines matched the limited income levels of households. Similarly, cost recovery for public facilities was dependent on the number of users who were willing to pay: the more the users, the more the cost recovery. A combination of private and public financing is thus necessary to fund different but complementary aspects of sanitation in slums.
文摘The introduction and implementation of finansijsko upravljanje i kontrola(FUK,financial management and control[FMC])in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina(FBiH)aims to incorporate a modern public internal financial control(PIFC)system into traditional public resources management models.This area is one of the reform areas in which Bosnia and Herzegovina(BiH)is obliged to harmonize the legislative framework and practice with the good practices and regulations recommended by the European Commission.The establishment and development of the PIFC are also an obligation of Bosnia and Herzegovina established by the Stabilization and Association Agreement between the European Community and the member states,of the one part,and Bosnia and Herzegovina,of the other part.The public internal financial control(PIFC)system focuses on enhancing transparency,financial discipline,and dedicated use of public resources,that is,transparent,economical,efficient,and effective management of public resources,and control of the use of those resources.The topic of this paper is“financial management and control in the public sector”where the aim is to show,through the conducted theoretical research,the level of achievement of the establishment of this system in public sector institutions in BiH.The European Union wants to direct all potential member countries towards development of internal controls in the use of their own resources,but also to create a control environment that would ensure the dedicated use of EU funds.In Bosnia and Herzegovina,there is no single legal framework in terms of a single law governing public internal financial controls.The contents of the applicable legal provisions at all three levels(BiH,FBiH,and Republic of Srpska[RS])are largely congruent thanks to the Coordination Committee of Central Harmonization Units(CHJs)in Bosnia and Herzegovina,through which the harmonization of regulations and practices in the development of public internal financial controls is ensured.
