Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Soil Microbial Communities and Disease Resistance of Tobacco

In this study, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt on soil microbial communities and disease resist- ance of tobacco were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilizer treatments （T3 and T4） decreased remarkably among four treatments in the field. Compared with the local conventional fertilization group, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was re- duced by 21.9% and 25.0% in T3 and T4, respectively ; the yield of flue-cured tobacco was improved by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively ; the proportion of mid- high grade tobacco leaves increased by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively. After application of bio-organie fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil microbial communities exhibited vast amount and abundant species ; the amount of rhizosphere soil bacteria of infected tobacco plants was im- proved by 218.5% with fewer species. It could be concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt could improve the ecological environment of tobacco field, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, decrease the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco. This study laid the foundation for further ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of tobacco.

Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer Kunyijian on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

To explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian in flue-cured tobacco and provide scientific basis for its application in production,a plot trial was conducted with K326,a flue-cured tobacco variety,in the Science and Technology Test Base of Xundian County,Yunnan.Taking local fertilizer consumption(control 1)and 70%local fertilizer consumption(control 2)as controls,the following replacement groups were designed:under uniformly replacement 70%local fertilizer consumption,(i)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg),+600 kg/ha,+900 kg/ha,+1200 kg/ha,+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian;(ii)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=40∶1(kg),+900 kg/ha Kunyijian.The results show that in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1200 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],the comprehensive performance of flue-cured tobacco was significantly better than that in the control groups,the yield of tobacco leaves reached 2237.1 kg/ha,the output value was 45505.2 yuan/ha,and the average price of the tobacco leaves was 20.53 yuan/kg.The performance of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian ranked second.The performance of other fertilization treatments was not good,but it did not differ significantly from that of control 1.In terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian,was beneficial to increase the sugar content and reduce the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+900 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],and it was also beneficial to increase the chlorine content in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].Therefore,it is feasible to use the bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian to replace 30%of chemical fertilizer in tobacco production.The rate is recommended to be 900-1500 kg/ha[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].It is suggested to further strengthen the demonstration and promotion of Kunyijian.

Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer Containing High-efficient Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Strawberry

With strawberry as a test material,the effects of the bio-organic fertilizer containing high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on nutrient contents in strawberry-planted soil,wilt occurrence and strawberry yield and quality were studied by a plot experiment,so as to provide reference for scientific use of the bio-organic fertilizer and green production of strawberry.The results showed that after hole-applying the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 22.5 t/hm^2,the contents of NH^+_4-N,available P,available K and organic matter did not change much with time;and when replacing 50%of chemical fertilizers with the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 11.25 t/hm^2(K_3),the contents of NH^+_4-N and available P in the soil did not change much with time,and the contents of available K and organic matter decreased slightly with time,but were both higher than the CK(the unfertilized treatment).Meanwhile,the disease index values of strawberry wilt disease in treatments K_2 and K_3were significantly lower than those of the CK and the conventional fertilization treatment(K_1),and the vitamin C contents of strawberry fruit in the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK.The yield determination showed that the cumulative yields of treatments K_2 and K_3 increased by 9.8% and 3.3%,respectively,and the increase rates of the early yields(before the Spring Festival)were 30.6% and 21.9%,respectively.Therefore,the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizers,and can achieve the effects of reducing the occurrence of wilt,improving the early yield of fruit commodity and improving fruit quality.

Effects of Bioorganic Fertilizers on the Leaf Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Replanted Szechuan Pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans

Continuous cropping obstacles hamper the efficient growth and yield of Szechuan pepper,Zanthoxylum simulans.The current study investigated the impact of different levels of bioorganic fertilizer on the leaf physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of Z.simulans to provide a theoretical reference for continuous Z.simulans crop cultivation.A bioorganic fertilizer was used to treat seedlings growing in 25-year-old continuous cropping soil.Five fertilizer treatments were applied.The impacts of the treatments on the activity of defense enzyme and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans leaves were determined.The different concentrations of bioorganic fertilizer reduced to varying degrees the malondialdehyde(MDA)content and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),and increased the activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),as well as the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of Z.simulans leaves.The results showed that most significant increases or decreases were achieved with 100 g/L bioorganic fertilizer(Y2).Thus,the application of bioorganic fertilizer at a rate of 100 g/L can significantly improve the activity of relevant defense enzymes and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans,and reduce the MDA content,enhancing the stress resistance of the plants,promoting their growth and addressing,to some extent,obstacles associated with continuous cultivation.

生物有机肥对夏玉米灌根施用的肥效研究

通过试验探讨了龙峰生物有机肥对夏玉米灌根施用的作用效果.结果表明：用该肥灌根具有促进玉米的生长发育,增加叶片长度、叶片宽度、单株叶面积、果穗长度和穗粒数,提高产量等作用且效果显著.使用方法简便、经济、环保、见效快、效果佳.单位面积产量较对照增加480.00 kg/hm2~1 492.50 kg/hm2,增产幅度达5.29%~16.45%.

龙峰生物有机肥对棉花灌根效果的初步研究

通过试验研究了龙峰生物有机肥对棉花灌根施用浓度和效果,结果表明:用该肥灌根能有效补充棉花生长所需的营养元素,促进棉株生长发育,改善棉株农艺性状,提高棉花产量、改善棉花品质等作用效果;具有使用方法简便,经济、环保、见效快、效果佳等特点;施用此肥后棉花单位面积比对照增加产量89.10～319.95 kg/hm2,增产幅度6.62%～23.77%,霜前花率提高16.20%～29.37%,衣分增加1.61%～2.15%.

Effects of <i>Bacillus cereus</i>F-6 on Promoting Vanilla (<i>Vanilla planifolia</i>Andrews.) Plant Growth and Controlling Stem and Root Rot Disease

A lipopeptide-producing bacterium, Bacillus cereus (F-6), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) plant cultivated on a plantation under 21 years of continuous cropping with vanilla. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the green fluorescent protein-tagged F-6 (F-6-gfp) and its bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) on vanilla plant growth and stem and root rot disease, using the same plantation soil. The application of BIO significantly increased the vanilla plant root, stem and leave dry weights;however, there was not a significant difference between the F-6-gfp-inoculated treatment and the control. Meanwhile, the BIO application also significantly reduced the severity of stem and root rot disease compared to the control. The rhizosphere soil population of Fusarium was approximately 10-fold smaller in the BIO treatment compared to the control treatment at 150 days after transplantation. The number of B. cereus F-6-gfp in the rhizosphere soil of the BIO treatment remained significantly higher than that of the F-6-gfp-inoculated treatment throughout the experiment. In conclusion, F-6-gfp successfully colonized the rhizosphere soil in the BIO treatment, promoting vanilla plant growth, reducing the disease severity index, and decreasing the Fusarium population number, helping to remove barriers to the continuous cropping of vanilla.

酵素微生物套餐肥对桃园果实品质及土壤微生态的影响

本课题以传统施肥为对照,通过大田试验研究了酵素微生物套餐肥对‘龙峰桃’品质及桃园土壤微生态的影响。结果表明,采用酵素微生物套餐肥种植的‘龙峰桃’油桃品种比传统施肥种植的油桃感官、营养物质及安全性均得到提高;酵素微生物套餐肥有助于提高土壤营养物质,其中有机质含量、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾较对照分别增加129%、9.6%、38.3%、54%;此外,酵素微生物套餐肥还有助于土壤中活菌数量及代谢活动的增加,可使细菌数量提高61.9%、放线菌数量提高39.3%、总菌量提高61.1%。