Occurrence, Damage and Control Strategies of Major Pests, Diseases and Weeds in Sugarcane Areas of Lincang Nanhua Sugar Industry Co., Ltd.

The pests, diseases and weeds in sugarcane areas of Lincang Nanhua Sugar Industry Co.,Ltd. were investigated at seedling stage, growth stage and maturity stage of sugarcane from 2012 to 2016. The occurrence and damage of diseases, pests and weeds were analyzed, and the problems in prevention and control were discussed based on the local conditions of sugarcane production. The species, occurrence and damage characteristics of diseases, pests and weeds were ascertained, and the corresponding strategies and technical measures were proposed.

The Occurrence,Damage and Control Strategies of Sugarcane Borers in Yunnan

Sugarcane borers are the most common pests in Yunnan sugarcane areas,and their harm is the most serious presently. The damage caused by sugarcane borers has become the first important factor seriously influencing the sustainable and stable development of sugar industry in Yunnan. To scientifically and effectively prevent and control sugarcane borers to ensure the production safety of sugarcane,the characteristics of occurrence and damage of sugarcane borers in Yunnan sugarcane areas were systematically introduced,and corresponding comprehensive control measures and strategies were proposed according to the characteristics of its occurrence and damage and the actual production of sugarcane.

Prevention and Control Measures of the Occurrence of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in Sugarcane Areas of Yunnan Province

Ceracris kiangsu Tsai is one of the most widely distributed forest pest.C.kiangsu has migrated from Laos to China this year,with many migration peaks and large population numbers.The main sources of C.kiangsu were from abroad and a small number of native insect sources exist.Most of the immigration sources were from Laos,and a small part originated from Vietnam.The frontier region of Yunnan Province is suitable for the growth of C.kiangsu.It is speculated that the migration frequency of the C.kiangsu from abroad may increase in recent years.In this paper,the typical morphological characteristics,life history,biological characteristics and prevention and control measures of C.kiangsu were summarized.Based on the characteristics of C.kiangsu,and combining actual sugarcane production condition in Yunnan sugarcane areas,we put forward prevention and control strategies and measures.It is suggested that Yunnan Sugarcane areas should pay close attention to the occurrence of C.kiangsu in neighboring countries,monitor the C.kiangsu population dynamics and update pest forecast information in time,and detect and control C.kiangsu in the early period,in order to effectively prevent C.kiangsu and ensure the safety of sugarcane production.

Identification and Control of Persimmon anthracnose

[ Objective] The study aimed to research the identification of Persimmon anthracnose and its controlling methods.[ Method ] The pathogen and characteristics, infection and occurrence law, damage symptoms of persimmon anthracnose were stated simply and the methods for con- trolling the disease were summed up. [ Result] The pathogen of Persimmon anthracnose was Gloeospor/um kaki Hod, belonging to Deuteromycotina. Germination and invasion of the conidia, sporulation and growth of mycelium all required high temperature, with the optimum temperature of 25 ℃ and the lethal temperature of 50 ℃ （10 min）. The occurrence strength of Persimmon anthracnose related with the factors including host, environment, culture circumstances, mainly doing harm to the fruits and branches. The occurrence of the disease could be controlled by such agricultur- al measures as cleaning the orchard, using the resistant varieties and planting the disease-free seedlings, adopting the balanced fertilization, improving the irrigation and drainage systems, conducting the dense planting and thin branches, building garden using the seedling that grafting on planted stock and raising the grafted parts of the stock. When the incidence was heavy, it needed to spray the fungicides or protective agent for the control of the Persimmon anthracnose. The fungicides should be mainly sprayed on the lesion of shoot, fruit surface and branches. [ Conclusion] The study provided the reference for the control of the Persimmon anthracnose.

Biological Characteristics and Control Technology of Orobanche cumana

A brief introduction of biological characteristics, occurrence, distribution, damage and prevention status of Orobanche cumana is given in this paper, and the future research direction is put forward.

Integrated Prevention and Control Technology for Coffee Leaf Rust in Yunnan Province

This paper investigates the damage symptoms and occurrence regularity related to coffee leaf rust,and proposes a comprehensive prevention and control strategy grounded in the principle of prioritizing prevention and implementing integrated prevention and control.This strategy encompasses the cultivation of rust-resistant varieties,the implementation of agricultural practices,the application of chemical interventions,the utilization of hyperparasitic fungi,and the protection and utilization of natural enemies.The paper further outlines the necessary requirements for effective prevention and control,emphasizing the importance of enhancing responsibility implementation,fostering systematic prevention and control measures,enhancing guidance services,and increasing publicity and guidance.The aim is to offer technical guidance for the integrated prevention and control of coffee leaf rust in Yunnan Province.

Damage of Apriona swainsoni(Hope)on Sophora japonica Linn.in Pingdingshan Area

The damage status of Apriona swainsoni （Hope） in Pingdingshan area is investigated combined with historical data, and the causes of heavy occurrence are analyzed. Moreover, according to production practice, it is proposed that forecast of pests and annual control countermeasures are important for the control of A. swainsoni.

广西合浦县石湾镇油茶主要害虫种类及防治措施——以国有钦廉林场为例

油茶是世界四大油料植物之一,具有很高的经济价值。广西作为我国油茶种植传统区,随着近年来种植面积的不断扩大,油茶虫害问题也日益凸显。调查了广西国有钦廉林场种植的2种油茶的害虫种类,结果表明:害香花油茶的害虫有41种,为害岑软油茶的害虫有28种,其中,共有害虫种数15种,占害虫总数的28.3%。根据调查的害虫危害特点和发生情况,提出了相应的防治措施,为该地区油茶害虫的防治提供参考。

薄壳山核桃星天牛的发生及其防治措施

针对星天牛在薄壳山核桃林木上的危害状况,阜阳市林业科学技术推广站组织技术人员开展了星天牛生活史观察,并参考相关文献资料总结了星天牛主要为害树种、为害特点、发生规律及主要防治措施,以期为有效防治星天牛、推动薄壳山核桃产业化高质量发展提供参考依据。

小麦茎基腐病的发生动态与防治技术

茎基腐病是小麦生产中的一种重要土传病害,近年已成为我国黄淮部分麦区生产上的新问题,对小麦生产威胁很大,而且呈现不断蔓延态势。结合近年的研究工作,系统介绍了该病害的发生分布、危害情况、症状特点、病原组成、侵染和发病规律,分析了其成灾机制,重点论述了该病的防治方法。

黑刺粉虱的发生、为害及其生物防治国内研究概况

黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus为茶园和柑桔园为害严重的粉虱种类之一。本文概述了黑刺粉虱在国内分布、寄主种类、发生与为害等,探讨了近年来生物防治在控制黑刺粉虱为害中的作用,包括寄生性天敌、捕食天敌及昆虫病原性真菌等的利用,以期为黑刺粉虱的综合治理提供参考。

转基因棉甜菜夜蛾的为害现状、暴发成因及防治现状

近几年因甜菜夜蛾严重为害转基因棉而受到人们的广泛关注。本文综述了国内外甜菜夜蛾对转基因棉的为害现状;害虫抗药性强、气候高温干旱、作物种植结构不合理、转基因棉自身的问题和品种混杂以及抗虫性参差不齐是导致甜菜夜蛾在转基因棉上暴发为害的系列原因;转基因棉甜菜夜蛾的防治包括化学防治、生物防治和性诱杀。提出了今后的研究方向和防治策略。

麦红吸浆虫在我国的发生、危害及防治

麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana是我国的一种重要农业害虫,以幼虫危害小麦正在发育的籽粒,可造成小麦严重减产,甚至绝收。该害虫具有虫体小,滞育时间长,为害隐蔽等特点。近些年来,受全球气候变化、耕作制度改变、小麦品种更换、人类活动等多种因素的影响,麦红吸浆虫在我国的发生危害情况发生了很大变化,出现了北扩东移的现象。麦红吸浆虫主要分布在我国的北方麦区,发生为害具有隐蔽性、间歇性、局部性和暴发性的特点。这种害虫的发生危害受虫源基数、生态因子、农业生产措施及人类活动等多种因素的影响。进入21世纪后,麦红吸浆虫在我国的发生范围发生了很大的变化,且主要分布在43°N以南到27°N以北的冬小麦主产区。有关麦红吸浆虫滞育的多态性、小麦对麦红吸浆虫的抗性机理、抗性品种的选育和天敌资源的开发等方面的研究将是今后的主要研究方向;未来仍需加强对麦红吸浆虫滞育的分子机制、发生危害规律、预测预报、综合防治和寄主植物-麦红吸浆虫-天敌三级营养关系等方面研究。本综述可为今后了解麦红吸浆虫在我国的发生危害规律、预测预报及综合防治等提供参考。

水稻细菌性条斑病研究进展

水稻细菌性条斑病(Bacterial leaf streak,BLS)是中国南方及东南亚国家水稻产区重要的细菌病害之一,每年在局部稻区流行致灾。本文对该病害在中国的发生和危害情况、病原细菌的分类、侵染特性、致病因子、致病性和抗性育种等相关研究进行了分析,提出了该病害发生与防控研究中存在的问题,并展望了该病害未来的研究方向及思路。

Spread of invasive migratory pest Spodoptera frugiperda and management practices throughout China

The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),a notorious migratory pest native to tropical and subtropical America,invaded China in December 2018,then spread through 26 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)in 2019 and 27 in 2020,damaging 1.125 and 1.278 million hectares of crops,respectively.Maize was the most severely affected crop,although wheat and other plants were also ruined.Considering the biological characteristics,incidence regularity and migration patterns of the FAW populations,Chinese government implemented a regional control strategy and divided the areas infested with FAW into the annual breeding grounds in Southwest and South China,the transitional migration area in Jiangnan and Jianghuai and the key preventive area in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and North China.The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center constructed"the National Information Platform for the Prevention and Control of the Fall Armyworm"at the county level,which would entail people reporting and mapping the spread of fall armyworm.According to forecasting information,millions of extension workers and small-scale growers in entire country were rallied by local governments to fight the pest through comprehensive control tactics including chemical,physical,biological and ecological measures.Thanks to the joint prevention and control,the final loss of crops infested was controlled within 5%of the total in 2019 and 2020.This review also gives a discussion on existing problems and future management scenarios.

青梅主要病虫害的发生及防治

近年来随着广东青梅种植规模扩大和商品化生产深入,病虫害问题逐渐突出。通过对青梅果园病虫害的调查研究以及防治试验,初步掌握了广东省青梅主要病虫害的发生与流行规律,并总结出有效的防治技术,为青梅种植业的健康发展提供参考。

湖北省稻田福寿螺的发生规律、危害及防控研究

对福寿螺在湖北省英山县的发生规律、危害情况及防治技术进行了研究。结果表明,福寿螺在英山地区1年发生1代,以水稻和杂草为食,冬季在土壤内及温泉中越冬。福寿螺对水稻危害最严重的时期为水稻的营养生长阶段,即水稻移栽后至孕穗期。水稻受害的程度与福寿螺的卵块数量、幼螺及成螺的数量呈正相关。化学防治结果表明,5种试验药剂均对水稻福寿螺表现出很好的防治效果。

云南甘蔗病虫害发生危害新特点及防控对策

甘蔗是中国主要的糖料作物,病虫害是甘蔗生产的最大威胁。近年来病虫害在云南的发生危害呈现出新的特点,主要表现为:一是常发性病虫害持续处于常发态势;二是次要病虫害上升为主要病虫害;三是病虫害混合发生,复合侵染;四是突发性危险性病虫害频发,暴发成灾。针对新特点从病源虫源、品种布局、气候条件和栽培管理等方面分析了其形成原因,笔者提出了甘蔗病虫害绿色防控对策:一是严格执行甘蔗引种、调种检疫制度,选育推广抗病、抗虫健康种苗;二是完善甘蔗病虫害监测预警体系,提升安全科学用药水平;三是集成绿色防控技术模式,探索优化推广机制;四是建立健全应急防控机制,大力推进统防统治;五是创新科技培训机制,宣传普及植保新技术。

入侵杂草虉草在云南的发生、危害和防除状况调查

采用倒置"W"九点取样法和5级目测法,调查了云南冬季作物田杂草虉草的发生和危害状况。结果表明,截至2017年在云南有7个地州33个区县发现有虉草危害,其中保山地区危害最为严重,占全省受害面积的92%,其次是大理白族自治州。虉草在冬季作物田大麦、小麦、油菜和蚕豆田均有发生。危害的虉草有两个种,分别是小籽虉草Phalaris minor和奇异虉草P.paradoxa。其中小籽虉草的发生较为普遍,奇异虉草为零星发生。虉草造成的危害指数在6%~50%之间,对农作物造成的产量损失在40~110kg/667m2之间。虉草的防除以化学防除为主,人工防除为辅,但目前尚缺乏经济有效的防除农田虉草的除草剂。

柿炭疽病鉴别与防治

[目的]研究柿炭疽病的鉴别与防治方法。[方法]研究柿炭疽病病原及特征、侵染与发生规律、为害症状,总结其防治方法。[结果]柿炭疽病病原为柿盘长孢菌,属半知菌亚门真菌。孢子萌发、入侵、菌丝体生长、产孢都需要较高的温度,最适温度为25℃,致死温度为50℃(10min)。柿炭疽病发生的强弱与寄主、环境、栽培情况等因素有关,主要为害果实和枝条。采用清洁果园、选用抗病品种和选栽无病苗木、平衡施肥、完善排灌系统、密植稀枝、利用坐地苗嫁接建园及提高嫁接部位的农业措施可控制病害的发生,病情严重则需要喷洒杀菌剂或保护剂,喷药时重点应喷施在嫩梢、果面和枝干的病斑上。[结论]该研究可为柿炭疽病防治提供参考。