Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lonicerae japonicae

Lonicera japonica,also known as honeysuckle,is an evergreen shrub in the family of Syzygium.By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases,79 related articles were found,of which 22 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activity.These articles show that L.japonica has a wide range of pharmacological activities,including antiviral,anti-tumor,and antioxidant effects.These activities have important applications in the pharmaceutical,food,and fragrance industries.This review focuses on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of L.japonicae,which is of great significance to the development of new drugs and therapeutic methods.

Lonicera caerulea polyphenols inhibit fat absorption by regulating Nrf2-ARE pathway mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction and special microbiota

Scope:High-fat diet(HFD)induces imbalance in the small intestine environment,where fat digestion and absorption mainly take place.This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which Lonicera caerulea polyphenols(LCP)might inhibit fat absorption,from the perspective of small intestine microbiota and epithelial barrier integrity.Methods and results:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given HFD with or without co-administration of LCP for 8 weeks.The results showed that LCP supplementation significantly decreased the levels of serum triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and increased the contents of fecal sterols,in HFD rats.LCP also inhibited the dysfunction of the small intestine epithelial barrier,via alleviating the oxidative stress activated by Nrf2-ARE pathway,and by modulating the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in the small intestine.Additionally,LCP administration restored the balance in small intestine microbiota and increased the abundance of the specific bacteria,such as Lactobacillus,involved in fat absorption.Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that LCP may be beneficial to inhibit fat absorption.The mechanism seems to be associated with the protection of the epithelial barrier integrity and the modulation of specific bacteria in the small intestine.

Screening hepatoprotective effective components of Lonicerae japonica Flos based on the spectrum-effect relationship and its mechanism exploring

Lonicerae japonicae Flos(LF)is a kind of healthcare food with hepatoprotective function.This study was designed to explore the spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and the hepatoprotective effects of LF.Fingerprints of ten batches of LF were established by UPLC-PDA.The inhibitory levels of AST and ALT were used as pharmacological indexes,and secoxyloganin,isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were screened as hepatoprotective active compounds by grey relational analysis(GRA)and partial least squares regression analysis(PLSR).Caspase-3 was obtained by network pharmacology as a key target of hepatoprotective active compounds.Molecular docking is used to explore the interaction between small molecules and proteins.This work provided a general model of the combination of UPLC-PDA and hepatoprotective effect to study the spectrum-effect relationship of LF,which can be used to considerable methods and insight for the fundamental research of the material basis of similar healthcare food.

Seed Germination and Vegetative Propagation of Promising Decorative Lonicera tatarica L. (Caprifoliaceae Juss.), Introduced into the Tashkent Botanical Garden (Uzbekistan)

Seed germination (in laboratory and field conditions) and vegetative reproduction (by cuttings) of a promising decorative species—Lonicera tatarica L. (Caprifoliaceae Juss.) was studied for the first time in the conditions of introduction of the Tashkent Botanical Garden of Uzbekistan. Thus, the optimal temperature for germination of L. tatarica seeds in laboratory conditions is +20°C + 22°C, at which germination was 73%. The germination rate of seeds sown in autumn in the field was 62%, and the germination rate of seeds sown in spring was 71%. It was noted that in greenhouse conditions at an air temperature of 20°C - 22°C and a relative humidity of 49% - 53%, the rootability of cuttings was 75%. It was revealed that the studied species adapted well to the conditions of introduction. Taking into account the effectiveness of vegetative reproduction of L. tatarica, it can be recommended for improving the aesthetic condition and landscaping of cities, landscaping and landscape design.

Study on Tissue Culture of Japanese Honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica )

[Objectives]This study was conducted to increase the reproduction coefficient of Japanese honeysuckle(Lonicera japonica)to keep the character of optimal benign.[Methods]The young leaves of medicinal Japanese honeysuckle were selected as explants,and MS was used as the basic culture medium.Suitable culture concentrations and conditions were screened through different concentration gradients of growth regulators and cytokinin.[Results]As the concentration of 6-BA in the culture medium increased,the browning rate increased,and the browning phenomenon occurred earlier.On the contrary,a lower concentration of 6-BA was suitable for the differentiation and growth of young leaves,and the browning response was slow.However,if the cultivation time was too long and the materials were not transferred in a timely manner,browning would also occur.The optimal combination of levels was obtained through a 3×3 orthogonal experiment(three parallel groups for each of 6-BA and NAA).The culture conditions included a constant temperature of 26℃and light intensity of 1200 lx.The optimal medium for inducing callus proliferation was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L;and the optimal medium for inducing bud differentiation was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for accelerating the development of the honeysuckle industry.

Chemical compositions and biological activities of Flos lonicerae

Flos lonicerae is the dry flower bud of Lonicera japonica Thunb,and it is a very important Chinese herbal medicine in China.In ancient times,it was widely used to treat the exopathogenic wind-heat,epidemic febrile diseases,sores,carbuncles and some infectious diseases.Modern pharmacological research has indicated that it has anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial,anti-viral and anti-oxidation activities.This paper reviews the chemical compositions and biological activities of Flos lonicerae in order to provide reference for its application in clinical practice in the future.

Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Four Origin Plants of Lonicerae Flos(Lonicera;Caprifoliaceae)

Lonicerae Flos(LF)derived from the dried flower buds or opening flowers of four Lonicera plants(Lonicera macranthoides,L.hypoglauca,L.confusa,and L.fulvotnetosa),is a popular traditional Chinese medicine.Because the four origin plants are very similar in morphology,it is difficult to control the quality of LF in actual production.Over the past decade,many reports have pointed out the differences among them,including the botanical characteristics and active ingredients.However,there is still a lack of rapid methods that can be applied to the identification of the four origins.In this study,comparative analysis of the four chloroplast genomes was performed,and they showed low diversity(Pi=0.00267),three variation hotspots regions(rbcL-accD,rps12-ndhF and rps12-trnN-trnG)were identified as potentially molecular marker of highly informative.Meanwhile,the most obvious difference in SSR comparative analysis is reverse and complement repeats were only identified in L.confusa and L.hypoglauca,respectively.Lastly,the phylogenetic tree showed that L.confusa is more closely related to L.fulvotnetosa,while L.macranthoides is closer to L.hypoglauca.This study systematically revealed the differences among the four chloroplast genomes,and it provides valuable genetic information for identifying the origin of LF.

重视忍冬属Lonicera中花灌木资源在园林中的利用

忍冬属Lonicera植物绝大多数花果香色宜人,为优美的观赏树种。全世界约有200种,主要分布于温带及亚热带地区,尤以中国、日本、朝鲜为最。我国忍冬属植物资源丰富,约有100多种。对这些资源的开发利用,越来越受到国外园林界的普遍关注和高度重视。但在国内除少数种类零星应用外,大多数资源未得到应有的利用和开发,有的充其量也只不过停留在资源的保存上。为了充分利用和挖掘这些资源,丰富美化环境的材料,现将本属中观赏价值较高的主要树种以及国外广为应用的园艺品种,作如下介绍,供应用时参考。

4种忍冬属(Lonicera)植物花粉的形态比较

通过扫描电子显微镜对4种忍冬属植物的花粉进行观察,发现其花粉长圆球形至圆球形,金银忍冬的花粉最小,台儿曼忍冬的花粉最大。4种植物的花粉均为三环沟型,萌发沟为子午向,金花忍冬的花粉萌发沟最长,几乎到达两极。4种植物的花粉表面均具刺,有细小穿孔,台儿曼忍冬花粉表面的刺小,等大,且有规则的脊与凹坑,其他3种花粉表面的刺大小不等;忍冬的花粉表面除具细小穿孔外,还有不规则条纹。

蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera caerulea)种质资源研究进展

简述了蓝靛果忍冬种质资源的研究进展。并对俄罗斯的品种和我国东北地区的野生植株引种 栽培的情况进行了初步观察和分析,指出了今后对其开发利用的研究方向。

Two Triterpenoid Saponins from Lonicera Japonica

A new triterpenoid saponin, together with a known saponin, was isolated from the flowers of Lonicera Japonica Thunb. Using chemical and spectroscopic methods. mainly 2D NMR technique. their structures were deduced to be 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1 - 3)-a-L-rhamnospyranosyl-(1 - 2)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1 - 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside and 3-a-L-rhamnospyranosyl-(1 - 2)-a- Larabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-a-L-rhamnospyranosyl - (1 - 2 )- [β - D- xylcopyranosyl-(1 - 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside. respectively.

金银忍冬(Lonicera maackii(Rupr.)Maxim)胚和胚乳的发育

采用常规石蜡制片技术,对金银忍冬胚和胚乳的发育过程进行了研究。结果表明,金银忍冬胚胎发生类型为柳叶菜型。其卵细胞受精后,合子经过了约2个月的休眠期,于7月中下旬进行第1次分裂。第1次分裂为横向分裂,其顶细胞纵裂,随后经球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚,至果实成熟时发育为成熟胚。基细胞横分裂1次,形成胚柄,胚柄发育缓慢,至球形胚时期,胚柄完全退化。合子分裂发生在初生胚乳核多次分裂之后。胚乳发育属核型,当发育至8细胞原胚时,游离胚乳核周围逐渐形成自己的细胞壁。成熟胚乳细胞富含油脂类物质。

基于ITS序列探讨蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera caerulea var. edulis)的系统位置

以七子花(Heptacodium miconioides)为外类群,使用MEGA3.1软件对忍冬属的20种植物的ITS序列进行分析,用邻接法获得系统树。结果表明:蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera caerulea var. edulis)与蓝果亚组(Subsect. Caerulea Rehd.)的其他种聚为一支,自展支持率高达99%,与传统分类相符,故不支持将蓝靛果另立新属。

Anti-encystment and amoebicidal activity of Lonicera japonica Thunb. and its major constituent Chlorogenic acid in vitro

Objective:To examine the acanthamoebicidal effects of ethyl acetate,aqueous and butanol fractions of dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica(L.japonica) Thunb.(Flos Lonicerae) in vitro.Methods:Acanthamoeba triangularis isolates were obtained from environmental water samples and identified by PCR.They were exposed to ethyl acetate,water and butanol fractions of L.japonica Thunb.at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/m L to 1.5 mg/m L.The extracts were evaluated for growth inhibition at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Chlorogenic acid at a concentration of 1 mg/mL was examined for inhibition of encystment.Results:Ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL evoked a significant reduction of trophozoite viability by 48.9% after 24 h,49.2% after 48 h and 33.7% after 72 h Chlorogenic acid,the major active constituent of L.japonica Thunb.at the concentration of 1 mg/mL reduced the cysts/trophozoite ratio by 100% after 24 h,84.0% after 48 h and 72.3% after 72 h.This phenolic compound at concentration of 1 mg/mL concurrent with 0.6% hydrogen peroxide inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced encystment by 92.8% at 72 h.Conclusions:Results obtained from this study show that ethyl acetate fraction at 1.5 mg/m L is the most potent fraction of L.japonica Thunb.and its major constituent chlorogenic acid showed the remarkable inhibition of encystment at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.

Extraction process of chlorogenic acid in flos lonicerae by enzymatic treatment

A new method of extracting chlorogenic acid from flos lonicerae, and treating the materials with enzyme before being extracted by ethanol is developed, and the optimum conditions are also investigated in detail. Three important factors, enzyme dosage, treatment time and treatment temperature are adapted to optimize the extraction process. The experimental results show that the extract yield of flos lonicerae and chlorogenic acid can be obviously increased by the cellulase treatment, 61.5 mg chlorogenic acid is obtained from 1.00 g flos lonicerae at most. The optimal temperature of enzymatic treatment is 40 50 ℃. Compared with the use of single cellulase, the combined treatment of cellulase and pectinase increase the extract yield obviously but fail to improve that of chlorogenic acid.

Review of Factors Influencing Active Components of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a typical medicinal and edible plant in China. It has antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-endotoxin, and anti-inflammatory effects, etc. Its pharmacological action is closely related to its active components. Based on the results of previous studies, this paper summarized the effects of variety, origin, cultivation conditions, pruning, harvesting period and processing methods on the active components of L. japonica , in the hope of providing theoretical guidance for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of L. japonica.

秀山金银花(Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz)的总灰分和酸不溶性灰分的测定

目的:检测"秀山金银花"的总灰分和酸不溶性灰分的量,为制定其质量检查标准提供试验数据.方法采用2005年版《中国药典》一部附录IXK的总灰分及酸不溶性灰分的测定方法.结果灰毡毛忍冬总灰分及酸不溶性灰分量分别在8%和3%以下,渝蕾1号的总灰分和酸不溶性灰分量分别在8%和2%以下.结论:秀山金银花的总灰分和酸不溶性灰分总灰分和酸不溶性灰分量均符合药典灰分不得超过10.0%.酸不溶性灰分,不得超过3.0%要求.

金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)愈伤组织的诱导和分化

以金银花的茎、叶片、芽为外植体,在70个不同浓度IAA、NAA、6-BA组合的MS培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导,分析了金银花的快速繁殖体系的培养条件,发现芽是金银花组织培养的最佳外植体,IAA和NAA的最佳浓度均为1mg·L-1,6-BA的最适浓度为0.1mg·L-1,确定适宜的初代培养基为:MS+6-BA0.1mg·L-1+NAA1mg·L-1,诱芽培养基为:MS+6-BA0.1mg·L-1+NAA0.02mg.L-1.关键词愈伤组织,金银花,快速繁殖。

Application of near-infrared spectroscopy for the rapid analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos solution extracted by water

A rapid quantitative analytical method for three components of Lonicerae Japornicae Flos solution(Lonicera Japonica Thumb.)extracted by water was developed using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy and the partial least-squares(PLS)method.The NIR spectra of 81 samples collected from a production line were obtained.The concentrations of secologanic acid,chlorogenicacid and galuteolin were detemmined by using high-performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detection as the reference method.Several pretreatment methods for the NIR spectra wereusedi during PLS calibration.The most appropriate latent variable number of the PLS factor wasselected based on the standard error of cross-validation(SECV).The performance of the finalPLS models was evaluated according to SECV,standard error of predliction(SEP)and deter-mination coeficient(R^(2)).The compounds secologanic acid,chlorogenic acid and galuteolin hadSEP values of 0.030,0.061 and 1.668μg/mL,respectively and R^(2) values over 0.85.This workshows that NIR spectroscopy is a rapid and convenient method for the analysis of LoniceraeJaponicae Flos solution extracted by water.The proposed method can help in the application ofprocs analytical technology in the pha maceutical industry,particularly in tra ditional Chinesemedicine injections.

Quality Analysis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of New Cultivated Kind of <i>Lonicerae japonicae</i>Flos “Hua Jin 6” from Different Harvest Times

Lonicerae japonicaeFlos (LJF) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of various diseases, which is now in great demand every year and has a broad development prospect. However, the flowering phase of common LJF varieties is so short, which seriously restricts the development of LJF industry. As a new cultivated kind of Lonicerae japonicae Flos, “Hua Jin 6” has characteristics in long flowering phase and conveniently picking, which makes it have a broad development prospect. The aim of this study is to provide scientific guidance for its suitable harvest period by measuring yield and quality of “Hua Jin 6” from different harvest time. Studies show that flower size had a slowly rising trend from the first day to the seventh day, and then slowly declined or kept stable. There were no significant differences of total phenolic acid contents in different samples from different days, but contents of total flavonoids were on the rise and up to maximum in the ninth day. The contents of total iridoids had an increasing tendency from the first day to the fifth day and then kept relatively stable in other days. We demonstrated that the quality of “Hua Jin 6” is relatively stable and suitable for harvesting in all flower buds white stage in term of HPLC fingerprints. Our findings can make it possible to select the suitable time for different harvest purpose.