Induction and Identification of Polyploidy Plants from Superior Individuals of Wild Lonicera edulis Turcz. in Changbai Mountains

[ Objectives] This study was conducted to provide high-quality polyploid for returning the grain plots to forestry and promote the rapid development of Lonicera edulis Turcz. [ Methods] With superior individuals of wild L. edulis in Changbai Mountains as experimental materials and colchicine as inducer, polyploid induction was performed twice on diploid plants by addition method, and 7 polyploidy plants were identified from 11 regenerated plantlets. [Results] Among the 7 polyploidy plants, four materials were tetraploid, the concentration and treatment time of which were 300 mg/L and 7 and 14 d, respectively; and three materials were octaploid, the concentrations and treatment time of which were 300 and 500 mg/L and 14 d, respectively. [ Conclusions] The results of this study showed that colchicine had a higher polyploid induction rate for L. edulis with lower toxic and side effects, and the polyploidy plants could restore to normal growth state after several times of cubculture. Therefore, colchicine is an polyploid inducer suitable for L. edulis.

Research on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation Technology of Superior Individuals of Lonicera edulis Turcz

[Objective] This paper aimed to study the tissue culture and rapid propagation technology of superior individuals of Lonicera edulis Turcz. [Method] Several superior individuals of Lonicera edulis Turcz were used as materials for selecting the primary medium, subculture medium, rooting medium and acclimatization substrate during the tissue culture and rapid propagation. [Result] 6-BA was the optimal cytokinin for tissue culture of Lonicera edulis Turcz, compared with ZT; modified MS＋1.0 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.2 mg/L of IBA was the optimal medium as primary and subculture medium, modified MS＋ 1.5 mg/L of IBA was the optimal medium for rooting of Lonicera edulis Turcz, the rooting rate had achieved 100% after cultured for 30 d. The optimal substrate for transplanting plantlets of Lonicera edulis Turcz was composed of humus and perlite （1∶ 1, V/V）, survival rate was as high as 95% after 30 d. [Conclusion] This study provided basis for the rapid propagation of superior seedlings of Lonicera edulis Turcz, as well as the establishment of industrialized breeding technical system and the implementation of scale production.

Screening of Optimal Differentiation Medium to Lonicera edulis

An excellent Lonicera edulis strain, L1-8 that was bred by Northeast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was used as material in this research. The axillary buds of its dormant branches were used as explants. A fourfactor and four-level orthogonal test was designed in order to choose the best differentiation medium for providing the technical support of Lonicera edulis micropropagation. The results showed that the culture medium and concentration of 6-BA were the main factors, and the best differentiation condition was MS culture medium containing 2.0 mg · L-1 6-BA, 0.3 mg · L-1 IBA and 1.5 mg · L-1 GA3.

Ecological Coupling Analysis and Genetic Effect Evaluation of Quantitative Characters in Lonicera edulis

Lonicera edulis is a perennial berry shrub that prefers the cold and wet climate, with high nutritional and medicinal value. In this study, ecological cou- pling capability of L. edulis with light, heat, water and soil resources in cold regions was investigated to analyze comprehensively ecological effects of quantitative characters and genetic effects of parents, aiming at providing a theoretical basis for the breeding, introduction and domestication of fine varieties of L. edulis in cold regions of China. The results showed that fruit characters in L. edulis exhibited certain variations among different habitat types. To be specific, fruit vertical diame- ter varied slightly, fruit horizontal diameter varied greatly and seed number varied maximally, with the average variance coefficients of 9.38%, 11.92% and 20. 64%, respectively; in addition, fruit characters in L. edtdis exhibited moderate herilability, moderate genetic gain and low level of genetic differentiation; the heritability of fruit vertical diameter, fruit horizontal diameter and seed number was 0.825, 0. 559 and 0. 627, respectively; the genetic gain of these three fruit characters was 7.53%, 5.72% and 11. 94%, respectively, resulting in significant economical benefits.

模糊数学感官评价法优化蓝靛果果汁脱涩工艺

以蓝靛果为原料,以单宁含量和感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验研究明胶添加量、脱涩温度、脱涩时间对蓝靛果果汁脱涩效果的影响,采用模糊数学感官评价法结合正交试验优化蓝靛果果汁脱涩工艺,并对比脱涩前后蓝靛果果汁中活性成分含量的变化。结果表明,优化后明胶脱涩的最佳工艺条件为:明胶添加量1.5%、脱涩温度43℃、脱涩时间55 min。在此优化条件下,单宁含量为724.46 mg/L,感官评分为92.75分,蓝靛果果汁中花色苷、黄酮、维生素C、可溶性固形物的保留率分别为87.78%、95.90%、90.80%、96.73%。说明明胶可用于蓝靛果果汁脱涩,经优化脱涩工艺生产的蓝靛果果汁质地均匀、涩感适度、有明显的果味及果香,且活性成分保留率高,本研究为蓝靛果果汁的工业化发展提供数据参考。

复合助剂对低温喷雾干燥蓝靛果粉理化性质的影响

为保证低温喷雾干燥后蓝靛果粉品质,采用黄金分割法研究复合助剂(麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和乳清蛋白)对喷雾干燥蓝靛果粉理化性质的影响,分析低温进风温度(50~90℃)对蓝靛果粉花青素保留率、集粉率和含水率的影响规律。结果表明,在麦芽糊精、β-环糊精的质量比例为85.4%、14.6%时,集粉率高达37.96%;随进料溶液中麦芽糊精质量比例增加,蓝靛果粉玻璃化转变温度、水溶性指数、堆积密度、亮度L^(*)值、红度a^(*)值和色差值ΔE呈增加趋势,含水率、花青素含量和黄度b^(*)值呈下降趋势;在麦芽糊精、β-环糊精和乳清蛋白质量比例为72.9%、12.5%、14.6%时,集粉率达到最高(40.11%);随料液中乳清蛋白质量比例增加,蓝靛果粉含水率、花青素含量呈上升趋势,其玻璃化转变温度、水溶性指数、亮度L^(*)值、红度a^(*)值、黄度b^(*)值和色差值ΔE等指标呈下降趋势;复合助剂显著提高蓝靛果粉集粉率(P<0.05),对其中的花青素起到较强保护作用,其含水率、水溶性指数、堆积密度等理化指标均接近于最优水平。低温喷雾干燥研究发现,随进风温度上升,集粉率和含水率呈负相关,在进风温度90℃时,集粉率最高的配方中可实现较高花青素保留率(89.94%)。低频核磁共振波谱以及质子密度图像信息分析表明,加入的助剂与蓝靛果果汁中水分通过氢键、静电结合力和疏水作用等分子间作用力,形成稳定性高水合物、增强液滴聚结抵抗力,提高料液玻璃态转换温度,从而实现高集粉率和高花青素保留率的蓝靛果果粉低温喷雾干燥;红外光谱分析表明,复合助剂可在蓝靛果果粉中形成分子间氢键,并对花青素等活性物质进行固定包埋保护。研究结果可为蓝靛果粉喷雾干燥加工生产提供理论支撑和参考依据。

蓝靛果果渣花色苷胶束的制备及其稳定性研究

为增强花色苷的稳定性,拓宽其在食品保健以及医药领域的应用,以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)、L-组氨酸(L-His)和硬脂酸(SA)为载体材料,蓝靛果果渣花色苷为芯材,采用响应面法优化酸响应性蓝靛果果渣花色苷胶束的制备工艺,通过在光照、温度、pH等不同条件下蓝靛果果渣花色苷的稳定性以及其对肝癌细胞杀伤性进行评价。结果表明:经响应面优化的最佳制备工艺为水浴时间10 min,超声时间15 min,超声温度60℃,包封率为85.3%±0.31%。储存稳定性分析表明在各种温度、pH、光照、氧化剂、还原剂的条件下,载花色苷胶束中花色苷的保存率分别是花色苷的1.33、1.26、1.16、1.11、2.41倍;在体外肝癌细胞杀伤实验中,在24 h后,载花色苷胶束对肝癌细胞抑制率是花色苷的1.34倍。本研究合成了一种新型的两亲性羧甲基壳聚糖衍生物,可以显著提高花色苷稳定性,适宜作为花色苷以及其他食品活性成分的潜在纳米胶束载体。

蓝靛果果酒降酸酵母菌的筛选鉴定及其发酵特性

该研究从蓝莓、西梅、葡萄及蓝靛果中分离具有降酸作用的酵母菌。以菌株耐酸、降酸性能进行初筛,分析菌株发酵特性及耐受性,利用主成分分析进行综合性评价,得到性能最优酵母菌。接种于蓝靛果汁中发酵,与市售安琪酿酒酵母SY、RW、BV818发酵蓝靛果果酒比较。结果表明,共分离得到32株酵母菌,筛选出耐酸菌株17株,其中5株对柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸均具有较高降解率,16株产乙醇,9株高产酯,7株高产β-葡萄糖苷酶。主成分分析结果表明菌株LD3与LD4的综合性能最好,经26S rDNA测定显示两株酵母菌均为季也蒙迈耶氏酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii)。该菌株对柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸降酸率分别为97.82%、78.26%、32.90%,耐受葡萄糖、SO2质量浓度分别为300 g/L、700 mg/L,耐受酒精体积分数为8%。与三株市售酵母菌发酵蓝靛果果酒相比,季也蒙迈耶氏酵母果酒的总酸含量(21.46 g/L)、挥发酸含量(0.15 g/L)均为最低,感官评分最高,可用于蓝靛果果酒发酵。这为蓝靛果等含酸量高的浆果类产品的开发应用提供参考。

Study on Pollination Compatibility of Superior Lonicera caerulea Individuals

In order to solve the problems including low fruit-bearing rate and low yield caused by blind plantation in production, the medium formula for pollen germination of Lonicera caerulea L. var. edulis Turcz. ex Herd., its pollination habit, self-compatibility and open pollination compatibility between different superior individuals were investigated with superior individuals from superior wild individuals of L. caerulea in Changbai Mountains as experimental materials. Self-compatibility and open pollination compatibility among different fine plants provide theoretical basis for its further application and further selection of new varieties. The results showed the optimal medium for germination of L. caerulea pollen was 27.5% sucrose ＋ 100 PPM boric acid with a pH value of 6.0. On this medium, the superior individuals L1, L2 and L3 had the pollen germination rates of 53.4%, 50.9% and 51.6%, respectively. The three superior individuals had no significant differences in the quantity of germinated pollen tubes, which ranged from 1 to 4. The three excellent single plants were the most likely to germinate a single pollen tube, accounting for 83.3% of the pollen germinated and 89.6% of the pollen germinated. Therefore, in production, it is necessary to plant L1 with a certain amount of pollination trees or plant it together with multiple species, to improve its yield. On the contrary, L2 and L3 have no need for pollination trees theoretically, but whether the fruits obtained by self-pollination and outcrossing differ in quality still needs further study.

发酵蓝靛果果汁的工艺优化及香气成分分析

为解决蓝靛果口感酸涩、季节性强、储藏困难的问题,以酵母菌发酵生产发酵蓝靛果果汁,通过单因素及正交试验优化其发酵条件,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),研究最优条件下发酵过程中,发酵蓝靛果果汁香气成分的变化。结果显示,蓝靛果果汁的最优发酵条件为:发酵温度18℃、发酵时间8 d、酵母菌添加量1.0%。此条件下,感官评分为93.10±2.73分;利用该最优条件发酵蓝靛果果汁,在发酵过程中共检测到香气物质62种,采用主成分分析法分析共得到4个主成分,其中前3个主成分的累计方差贡献率为88.64%,癸酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、9-癸烯酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、庚酸和异戊醇为发酵过程中果汁的主要香气成分。可见,以该方法制备的发酵蓝靛果果汁风味物质丰富,口感怡人。研究结论可为蓝靛果发酵果汁生产提供技术支撑。

蓝靛果汁花色苷热降解动力学的研究

以新榨蓝靛果汁为试材,采用控制温度、调节pH值、连续充N2等方法,探讨蓝靛果汁花色苷的热降解动力学,为深加工条件的优化控制及保质期的预测提供科学的依据。结果表明:蓝靛果花色苷对热不稳定,花色苷的降解过程符合一级动力学反应。随着pH值和温度的升高,蓝靛果花色苷的热降解半衰期(t1/2)和活化能(Ea)显著下降,研究表明充氮气处理可以提高蓝靛果花色苷的稳定性。

辅色素对蓝靛果花色苷稳定性的影响

天然色素的稳定性始终是制约其发展的瓶颈,以蓝靛果为原料,研究了添加酸、金属盐、糖类和氨基酸等辅色素对蓝靛果中花色苷稳定性的影响。结果表明,对羟基苯甲酸、水杨酸钠和甘氨酸的添加使得花色苷在吸收光谱中发生红移并产生增色效应,且在连续高温光照后保存率依然较高。通过单因素实验选取三者最佳浓度,然后采用三因素三水平响应面分析,依据回归分析确定最佳条件为:对羟基苯甲酸、水杨酸钠和甘氨酸添加的质量浓度分别为0.063%、0.041%和0.039%,测得蓝靛果花色苷保存率为88.01%,而不加辅色素保存率仅为48.97%,稳定性提高了1.8倍,为蓝靛果花色苷天然色素的应用和发展提供了有利条件,有一定的开发利用价值。

野生浆果资源—蓝靛果忍冬利用价值的研究现状及应用前景

蓝靛果忍冬是一种野生天然无污染浆果资源,具有广阔的开发利用前景。文章介绍了蓝靛果忍冬在果实营养成分、药用价值和所含天然色素等方面的研究现状和成果,并就如何对其开发利用作了详细的阐述。

野生植物──蓝靛果营养成分研究

蓝靛果（Ｌｏｎｉｃｅｒａｅｄｕｌｉｓ）属忍冬科忍冬属植物，是中国东北的野生食用浆果．研究表明，蓝靛果中含ＶＢ１，ＶＢ２，Ｖｐｐ，Ｖｃ等多种维生素，且含量较高，尤其是Ｖｐｐ含量高出水果近百倍；矿质元素丰富．尤其是锌、硒、铁、钙含量较高；所含１７种氨基酸的总量高于普通水果，其中必需氨基酸占总量４０％左右，具有很高的营养保健价值，可作为酿制各种营养保健饮料或食品的优质原料，具有广阔的开发利用前景．

粗制及精制蓝靛果花色苷的稳定性和抗氧化性研究

通过对蓝靛果花色苷的提取粗制品和纯化的精制品进行稳定性和体外抗氧化活性的比对实验,考察了p H、光照、温度、过氧化氢、糖等对蓝靛果花色苷稳定性的影响,并比较了其总还原力和清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基的抗氧化性能力。结果表明:在避光和p H为1、3的条件下,蓝靛果花色苷的保存率达85%以上,稳定性较好,且花色苷粗制品的稳定性优于精制品;随着处理温度的升高,花色苷的稳定性急剧下降,在50℃以下花色苷较稳定;在一定浓度范围内,葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖和淀粉对蓝靛果花色苷稳定性均具有增强作用,过氧化氢对花色苷有严重的破坏作用,且花色苷粗制品的耐氧化性明显强于精制品。此外,抗氧化性对比实验发现蓝靛果花色苷具有较强的还原能力,清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基的能力,通过比较花色苷粗制品及精制品的EC50值可知,这两种花色苷制品的总还原能力及清除羟自由基的能力略弱于同质量浓度的VC,但清除DPPH自由基的能力均强于同质量浓度的VC,且花色苷精制品的抗氧化能力明显强于粗制品。

提取条件对蓝靛果花色苷抗氧化活性的影响

为研究提取条件对蓝靛果花色苷抗氧化活性的影响,用溶剂浸提法提取蓝靛果花色苷,通过正交试验确定其最佳提取工艺条件,分别采用紫外分光光度法、H2O2/Fe体系和DPPH法测定花色苷的提取量及其抗氧化活性。结果表明,提取溶剂为体积分数70%的乙醇溶液、料液比1:15(g:mL)、提取温度60℃、提取时间90min、pH2、提取3次为最佳提取工艺参数,在此提取工艺条件下,花色苷含量吸光度为0.789,羟自由基清除率为18.92%,DPPH自由基清除率为41.57%。

蓝靛果汁维生素C热降解动力学的研究

以新榨蓝靛果汁为试材,采用控制温度、避光、连续充氮气等方法探讨蓝靛果汁维生素C的热降解动力学,为深加工条件的优化控制及保质期的预测提供科学的依据。结果表明:蓝靛果维生素C对热不稳定,维生素C的降解过程符合一级动力学反应;通过蓝靛果汁维生素C的热降解速率常数和活化能(Ea)分析,结果表明:充氮气处理可以提高蓝靛果维生素C的稳定性,光照对蓝靛果汁维生素C降解的影响比氧气对蓝靛果汁维生素C降解的影响大。

蓝靛果红色素微波提取及抗氧化作用

采用微波辅助法提取蓝靛果中红色素,以吸光度为评价指标,采用单因素试验探讨乙醇溶液体积分数、料液比、微波功率、提取时间对蓝靛果红色素提取率的影响,采用正交试验优化提取工艺。用DPPH法测定蓝靛果红色素的抗氧化活性。结果表明:微波辅助提取蓝靛果红色素的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇溶液体积分数65%、料液比1:10(g/mL)、微波功率540W、提取时间90s,此条件下红色素提取量为105.5mg/100g果实,抗氧化实验证明蓝靛果红色素具有清除DPPH自由基的作用。

蓝靛果乙酸乙酯提取物对大鼠实验性胃溃疡的研究

目的：研究雷尼替蓝靛果乙酸乙酯提取物对动物4种实验性胃溃疡的影响。方法：采用小鼠水浸应激性胃溃疡模型、消炎痛型胃溃疡模型、大鼠幽门结扎胃溃疡模型及大鼠乙醇损伤型胃溃疡模型,观察蓝靛果乙酸乙酯提取物对胃溃疡的抑制作用。结果：蓝靛果乙酸乙酯提取物对动物实验性胃溃疡具有显著的保护作用,显著抑制溃疡发生。结论：蓝靛果乙酸乙酯提取物是一种具优势的消化性溃疡治疗药物。

复合型蓝靛果果酱的研制

研究了以蓝靛果、苹果等为主要原料,生产复合型蓝靛果果酱的工艺;通过预实验确定影响复合型蓝靛果果酱的质量的主要因素有:蓝靛果与苹果的比例、果胶添加量、白砂糖添加量及柠檬酸添加量。采用正交试验,确定了复合型蓝靛果果酱最佳配方为:蓝靛果33%、苹果30%、白砂糖37%、柠檬酸0.15%、柠檬酸钠0.01%、果胶添加量0.06%。