In China, hot researches on shale oil were raised by the important breakthrough of shale oil in America. Obviously, the first important issue is the actual shale oil resource potential of China, and the selection of t...In China, hot researches on shale oil were raised by the important breakthrough of shale oil in America. Obviously, the first important issue is the actual shale oil resource potential of China, and the selection of the key appraisement parameter is vital to the shale oil resource amount. Among the appraisement parameters, the oil content parameter（S1） is the key one, but the evaluation result is generally lower because of light hydrocarbon losing and heavy hydrocarbon handling. And the more important thing is that the light hydrocarbon with small molecular weight is more recoverable, and therefore its amount is important to the total shale oil yields. Based on pyrolysis experiments and the kinetic model of hydrocarbon generation, correction factors and a model of light hydrocarbon losing and heavy hydrocarbon handling were established. The results show that the correction factor of heavy hydrocarbon handling is 3.2, and that of light hydrocarbon losing is controlled by kerogen type, maturity and hydrocarbon generation environment（closed or open）.展开更多
Development of oedema and hypoproteinaemia in a liver transplant recipient may be the first signs of graft dysfunction and should prompt a full assessment. We report the novel case of a patient who, years after liver ...Development of oedema and hypoproteinaemia in a liver transplant recipient may be the first signs of graft dysfunction and should prompt a full assessment. We report the novel case of a patient who, years after liver transplantation developed a functional blind loop in an incisional hernia, which manifested as oedema and hypoproteinaemia secondary to protein losing enteropathy. After numerous investigations, the diagnosis was made by flurodeoxyglucose positron emmision tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. Surgical repair of the incisional hernia was followed several months later by resolution of the protein loss, and confirmed at a post operative FDG-PET scan at one year.展开更多
A drug dubbed an'imaginary meal in a pill'is being developed by scientists. The pill tricks the body into thinking it has consumed a large amount of calories-as if you have just eaten a substantial meal. The d...A drug dubbed an'imaginary meal in a pill'is being developed by scientists. The pill tricks the body into thinking it has consumed a large amount of calories-as if you have just eaten a substantial meal. The dieter’s dream,it would allow them to continue to enjoy fatty foods without putting on weight. The drug,which tricks the body into believing it has eaten, also cuts cholesterol and keeps blood sugar levels under control.展开更多
In Central African Republic, edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender are income of rural populations, present an opportunity to improve food security and belonging to the category of Non-wood forest products. The goal ...In Central African Republic, edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender are income of rural populations, present an opportunity to improve food security and belonging to the category of Non-wood forest products. The goal of this study is to document the ecology of caterpillars of genre Imbrasia in relation to its host plants in Boukoko. The questionnaire was addressed to the actors of the collection and consumption of caterpillars in this Commune, to their local knowledge concerning this food resource as well as the plants of their locality on which caterpillars are collected. The survey took place in September to October 2022 and as a general rule, the 120 respondents were elderly people whose age range varied from 35 to 70 years old. Plant samples are collected in their natural environment. Based on local names;herbaria are mounted, plants photographed and samples collected. The types of edible caterpillars have been inventoried in the field in collaboration with the local populations who consume them. Based on local names, the caterpillars are captured manually from morphological traits and then stored in bottles containing 70% ethanol. The specimens were identified. The data was entered into the Excel spreadsheet which also made it possible to produce histograms with the frequencies of the plant species most valued by the different caterpillars. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then performed using R software to highlight the correlation between caterpillars and host plants. The main economic importance trees hosting edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender in Boukoko region are: Entandrophragma cylindricum, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Maesopsis eminii, Albizia ferruginea, Macaranga spinosa, Amphimas ferrugineus, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Racosperma auriculiforme, Eribroma oblonga. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out to assess the variability between the different species of caterpillars according to their host plants shows that the first two axes F1 and F2 explain 27.34% of the overall variability. The different variables along the two factorial axes are weakly correlated. The caterpillar species Imbrasia truncata, Imbrasia epimethea, Imbrasia obscura, Imbrasia petiveri, Imbrasia forda and Imbrasia alopia have more host plant diversity than the caterpillar species: Imbrasia melanops, Imbrasia eblis, Imbrasia anthina, Imbrasia wahlbergii and Imbrasia oyemensis.展开更多
The General Administration of Press and Publication of China (GAPP), the governing body of China’s press and publishing industry, has issued a document, which demands
BACKGROUND Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia(PIL),first described in 1961,is a rare disorder of unknown etiology resulting in protein-losing enteropathy.The disease is characterized by dilatation and leakage of inte...BACKGROUND Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia(PIL),first described in 1961,is a rare disorder of unknown etiology resulting in protein-losing enteropathy.The disease is characterized by dilatation and leakage of intestinal lymph vessels leading to hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and lymphopenia.Since the severity and location of lymph vessels being affected can vary considerably,the range of associated symptoms is wide from mild lower-limb edema to generalized edema,abdominal and/or pleural effusion,and recurrent diarrhea,among others.Although usually developing in early childhood,we present the case of a 34-yearold woman with PIL.Moreover,we performed a literature review systematically assessing clinical presentation,and provide a practical approach to facilitate diagnosis and therapy of PIL in adults.CASE SUMMARY Our patient presented with unspecific symptoms of abdominal discomfort,fatigue,nausea,and recurrent edema of the lower limbs.Interestingly,a striking collinearity of clinical symptoms with female hormone status was evident.Additionally,polyglobulia,hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and transient lymphocytopenia were evident.Due to suspicion of a bone marrow disease,an extensive diagnostic investigation was carried out excluding secondary causes of polyglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia.The diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia was established after 22 wk by histological analysis of biopsy samples obtained via enteroscopy.Consecutively,the patient was put on a high-protein and low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides supplementation leading to significant improvement of clinical symptoms until 2 years of follow-up.CONCLUSION PIL can be the reason for cryptogenic hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and lymphopenia in adulthood.Due to difficulty in correct diagnosis,treatment initiation is often delayed despite being effective and welltolerated.This leads to a significant disease burden in affected patients.PIL is increasingly been recognized in adults since the majority of case reports were published within the last 10 years,pointing towards an underestimation of the true prevalence.The association with female hormone status warrants further investigation.展开更多
Reservoirs are usually exposed to sediment accumulation problems that will lead to reduction in their storage capacity. This problem directly affects the performance of the dams and causes shortage of their useful lif...Reservoirs are usually exposed to sediment accumulation problems that will lead to reduction in their storage capacity. This problem directly affects the performance of the dams and causes shortage of their useful life. The simplest technique to estimate sediment deposition rate is using sediment rating curve with sediment trapping efficiency (TE) of the reservoir. Many empirical and semi-empirical approaches have been suggested for to determine this term depending on the annual inflow rate, reservoir characteristics and features of the catchments area. In this study six different empirical methods depending on the residence time principle (water retention time) were used. These approaches were reviewed and applied to determine TE of Mosul dam reservoir (MDR) for period 1986 to 2011. The monthly operating data for inflow, outflow and water elevations for MDR were used to determine monthly TE and long-term TE for whole period of MDR using the mentioned methods. Furthermore, the monthly inflow rate for River Tigris upstream MDR, its sediment rating curve and sediment feeding from valleys around MDR were used to estimate the amount sediment coming to the reservoir. The results provided by these methods for TE with sediment coming to MDR were used to compute the amount of sediment deposited in MDR on monthly bases during this period. The results obtained were evaluated using observed bathymetric survey data that had been collected in 2011 after 25 years of the operation of the dam. The results showed all the mentioned methods gave convergent results and they were very close to bathymetric survey results for estimating the volume of sediment deposited especially that proposed by Ward which gave 0.368% percentage error. Furthermore, the result computed using monthly TE gave good agreement if compared with that long-term TE where the percentage error was ranging between –3.229% to 1.674% for monthly adopted data and –4.862% to?–2.477% for whole period data. It is believed that this work will help others to use this procedure on other reservoirs.展开更多
The SWAT model was used to predict total phosphorus (TP) loadings for a 1555-ha karst watershed—Chapel Branch Creek (CBC)—which drains to a lake via a reservoir-like embayment (R-E). The model was first tested for m...The SWAT model was used to predict total phosphorus (TP) loadings for a 1555-ha karst watershed—Chapel Branch Creek (CBC)—which drains to a lake via a reservoir-like embayment (R-E). The model was first tested for monthly streamflow predictions from tributaries draining three potential source areas as well as the downstream R-E, followed by TP loadings using data collected March 2007-October 2009. Source areas included 1) a golf course that received applied wastewater, 2) urban areas, highway, and some agricultural lands, and 3) a cave spring draining a second golf course along with agricultural and forested areas, including a substantial contribution of subsurface water via karst connectivity. SWAT predictions of mean monthly TP loadings at the first two source outlets were deemed reasonable. However, the predictions at the cave spring outlet were somewhat poorer, likely due to diffuse variable groundwater flow from an unknown drainage area larger than the actual surface watershed, for which monthly subsurface flow was represented as a point source during simulations. Further testing of the SWAT model to predict monthly TP loadings at the R-E, modeled as a completely mixed system, resulted in their over-predictions most of the months, except when high lake water levels occurred. The mean monthly and annual flows were calibrated to acceptable limits with the exception of flow over-prediction when lake levels were low and surface water from tributaries disappeared into karst connections. The discrepancy in TP load predictions was attributed primarily to the use of limited monthly TP data collected during baseflow in the embayment. However, for the 22-month period, over-prediction of mean monthly TP load (34.6 kg/mo) by 13% compared to measured load (30.6 kg/mo) in the embayment was deemed acceptable. Simulated results showed a 42% reduction in TP load due to settling in the embayment.展开更多
The most distinctive contribution of the American dramatist Tennessee Williams to American theatre,is his studies of Southern Madames.This essay is to depict how the Southern belles,the delicate,lonely and vulnerable ...The most distinctive contribution of the American dramatist Tennessee Williams to American theatre,is his studies of Southern Madames.This essay is to depict how the Southern belles,the delicate,lonely and vulnerable dreamers,as Amanda Wingfield and her daughter,Laura in The Glass Menagerie,and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire,surrender and lose themselves thoroughly with progress of historical and social development.展开更多
Seed deterioration is an irresistible physiological phenomenon. The aim to study seed deterioration is to see if seed deterioration can be retarded artificially and the higher seed vigor of fine varieties be maintaine...Seed deterioration is an irresistible physiological phenomenon. The aim to study seed deterioration is to see if seed deterioration can be retarded artificially and the higher seed vigor of fine varieties be maintained. The change of seed deterioration occurs in almost every system, and affects many kinds of enzyme and almost all organcllc, as a result, the seed loses its vigor. The reason of seed deterioration and the lost of seed vigor are mainly studied and discussed in this paper. According to the external and internal two kinds of theory advanced by E. H. Roberts, Much deep discussions are made from the view of biochemistry.展开更多
Rice noodles were prepared using dry-milled rice flours, which were treated by annealing and removing the water-soluble fraction to improve the quality of noodles without using chemical additives. The combined treatme...Rice noodles were prepared using dry-milled rice flours, which were treated by annealing and removing the water-soluble fraction to improve the quality of noodles without using chemical additives. The combined treatment (TC) with annealing and water-soluble fraction removal decreased the cooking losses for Goamibyeo but not for Chenmaai and Milyang260, which had soft kernels and contained less damaged starch than the hard kernel rice after milling. TC significantly reduced the hardness and adhesiveness of cooked noodles, and increased the cohesiveness according to the texture profile analysis. A sensory evaluation detected an increase in mouth feel firmness and elasticity of cooked TC noodles. These results indicate that annealing at room temperature for 3 h followed by the removal of the water-soluble fraction is effective for reducing the cooking losses and improving the textural properties of noodles made from rice flour with high starch damage.展开更多
基金supported by "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (14CX05017A)the Natural Science Foundation of China (41330313)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Heilongjiang Provincial University (1252-NCET-012)CNPC Innovation Foundation (2011D-5006-0101)
文摘In China, hot researches on shale oil were raised by the important breakthrough of shale oil in America. Obviously, the first important issue is the actual shale oil resource potential of China, and the selection of the key appraisement parameter is vital to the shale oil resource amount. Among the appraisement parameters, the oil content parameter（S1） is the key one, but the evaluation result is generally lower because of light hydrocarbon losing and heavy hydrocarbon handling. And the more important thing is that the light hydrocarbon with small molecular weight is more recoverable, and therefore its amount is important to the total shale oil yields. Based on pyrolysis experiments and the kinetic model of hydrocarbon generation, correction factors and a model of light hydrocarbon losing and heavy hydrocarbon handling were established. The results show that the correction factor of heavy hydrocarbon handling is 3.2, and that of light hydrocarbon losing is controlled by kerogen type, maturity and hydrocarbon generation environment（closed or open）.
文摘Development of oedema and hypoproteinaemia in a liver transplant recipient may be the first signs of graft dysfunction and should prompt a full assessment. We report the novel case of a patient who, years after liver transplantation developed a functional blind loop in an incisional hernia, which manifested as oedema and hypoproteinaemia secondary to protein losing enteropathy. After numerous investigations, the diagnosis was made by flurodeoxyglucose positron emmision tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. Surgical repair of the incisional hernia was followed several months later by resolution of the protein loss, and confirmed at a post operative FDG-PET scan at one year.
文摘A drug dubbed an'imaginary meal in a pill'is being developed by scientists. The pill tricks the body into thinking it has consumed a large amount of calories-as if you have just eaten a substantial meal. The dieter’s dream,it would allow them to continue to enjoy fatty foods without putting on weight. The drug,which tricks the body into believing it has eaten, also cuts cholesterol and keeps blood sugar levels under control.
文摘In Central African Republic, edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender are income of rural populations, present an opportunity to improve food security and belonging to the category of Non-wood forest products. The goal of this study is to document the ecology of caterpillars of genre Imbrasia in relation to its host plants in Boukoko. The questionnaire was addressed to the actors of the collection and consumption of caterpillars in this Commune, to their local knowledge concerning this food resource as well as the plants of their locality on which caterpillars are collected. The survey took place in September to October 2022 and as a general rule, the 120 respondents were elderly people whose age range varied from 35 to 70 years old. Plant samples are collected in their natural environment. Based on local names;herbaria are mounted, plants photographed and samples collected. The types of edible caterpillars have been inventoried in the field in collaboration with the local populations who consume them. Based on local names, the caterpillars are captured manually from morphological traits and then stored in bottles containing 70% ethanol. The specimens were identified. The data was entered into the Excel spreadsheet which also made it possible to produce histograms with the frequencies of the plant species most valued by the different caterpillars. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then performed using R software to highlight the correlation between caterpillars and host plants. The main economic importance trees hosting edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender in Boukoko region are: Entandrophragma cylindricum, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Maesopsis eminii, Albizia ferruginea, Macaranga spinosa, Amphimas ferrugineus, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Racosperma auriculiforme, Eribroma oblonga. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out to assess the variability between the different species of caterpillars according to their host plants shows that the first two axes F1 and F2 explain 27.34% of the overall variability. The different variables along the two factorial axes are weakly correlated. The caterpillar species Imbrasia truncata, Imbrasia epimethea, Imbrasia obscura, Imbrasia petiveri, Imbrasia forda and Imbrasia alopia have more host plant diversity than the caterpillar species: Imbrasia melanops, Imbrasia eblis, Imbrasia anthina, Imbrasia wahlbergii and Imbrasia oyemensis.
文摘The General Administration of Press and Publication of China (GAPP), the governing body of China’s press and publishing industry, has issued a document, which demands
文摘BACKGROUND Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia(PIL),first described in 1961,is a rare disorder of unknown etiology resulting in protein-losing enteropathy.The disease is characterized by dilatation and leakage of intestinal lymph vessels leading to hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and lymphopenia.Since the severity and location of lymph vessels being affected can vary considerably,the range of associated symptoms is wide from mild lower-limb edema to generalized edema,abdominal and/or pleural effusion,and recurrent diarrhea,among others.Although usually developing in early childhood,we present the case of a 34-yearold woman with PIL.Moreover,we performed a literature review systematically assessing clinical presentation,and provide a practical approach to facilitate diagnosis and therapy of PIL in adults.CASE SUMMARY Our patient presented with unspecific symptoms of abdominal discomfort,fatigue,nausea,and recurrent edema of the lower limbs.Interestingly,a striking collinearity of clinical symptoms with female hormone status was evident.Additionally,polyglobulia,hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and transient lymphocytopenia were evident.Due to suspicion of a bone marrow disease,an extensive diagnostic investigation was carried out excluding secondary causes of polyglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia.The diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia was established after 22 wk by histological analysis of biopsy samples obtained via enteroscopy.Consecutively,the patient was put on a high-protein and low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides supplementation leading to significant improvement of clinical symptoms until 2 years of follow-up.CONCLUSION PIL can be the reason for cryptogenic hypoalbuminemia,hypogammaglobulinemia,and lymphopenia in adulthood.Due to difficulty in correct diagnosis,treatment initiation is often delayed despite being effective and welltolerated.This leads to a significant disease burden in affected patients.PIL is increasingly been recognized in adults since the majority of case reports were published within the last 10 years,pointing towards an underestimation of the true prevalence.The association with female hormone status warrants further investigation.
文摘Reservoirs are usually exposed to sediment accumulation problems that will lead to reduction in their storage capacity. This problem directly affects the performance of the dams and causes shortage of their useful life. The simplest technique to estimate sediment deposition rate is using sediment rating curve with sediment trapping efficiency (TE) of the reservoir. Many empirical and semi-empirical approaches have been suggested for to determine this term depending on the annual inflow rate, reservoir characteristics and features of the catchments area. In this study six different empirical methods depending on the residence time principle (water retention time) were used. These approaches were reviewed and applied to determine TE of Mosul dam reservoir (MDR) for period 1986 to 2011. The monthly operating data for inflow, outflow and water elevations for MDR were used to determine monthly TE and long-term TE for whole period of MDR using the mentioned methods. Furthermore, the monthly inflow rate for River Tigris upstream MDR, its sediment rating curve and sediment feeding from valleys around MDR were used to estimate the amount sediment coming to the reservoir. The results provided by these methods for TE with sediment coming to MDR were used to compute the amount of sediment deposited in MDR on monthly bases during this period. The results obtained were evaluated using observed bathymetric survey data that had been collected in 2011 after 25 years of the operation of the dam. The results showed all the mentioned methods gave convergent results and they were very close to bathymetric survey results for estimating the volume of sediment deposited especially that proposed by Ward which gave 0.368% percentage error. Furthermore, the result computed using monthly TE gave good agreement if compared with that long-term TE where the percentage error was ranging between –3.229% to 1.674% for monthly adopted data and –4.862% to?–2.477% for whole period data. It is believed that this work will help others to use this procedure on other reservoirs.
文摘The SWAT model was used to predict total phosphorus (TP) loadings for a 1555-ha karst watershed—Chapel Branch Creek (CBC)—which drains to a lake via a reservoir-like embayment (R-E). The model was first tested for monthly streamflow predictions from tributaries draining three potential source areas as well as the downstream R-E, followed by TP loadings using data collected March 2007-October 2009. Source areas included 1) a golf course that received applied wastewater, 2) urban areas, highway, and some agricultural lands, and 3) a cave spring draining a second golf course along with agricultural and forested areas, including a substantial contribution of subsurface water via karst connectivity. SWAT predictions of mean monthly TP loadings at the first two source outlets were deemed reasonable. However, the predictions at the cave spring outlet were somewhat poorer, likely due to diffuse variable groundwater flow from an unknown drainage area larger than the actual surface watershed, for which monthly subsurface flow was represented as a point source during simulations. Further testing of the SWAT model to predict monthly TP loadings at the R-E, modeled as a completely mixed system, resulted in their over-predictions most of the months, except when high lake water levels occurred. The mean monthly and annual flows were calibrated to acceptable limits with the exception of flow over-prediction when lake levels were low and surface water from tributaries disappeared into karst connections. The discrepancy in TP load predictions was attributed primarily to the use of limited monthly TP data collected during baseflow in the embayment. However, for the 22-month period, over-prediction of mean monthly TP load (34.6 kg/mo) by 13% compared to measured load (30.6 kg/mo) in the embayment was deemed acceptable. Simulated results showed a 42% reduction in TP load due to settling in the embayment.
文摘The most distinctive contribution of the American dramatist Tennessee Williams to American theatre,is his studies of Southern Madames.This essay is to depict how the Southern belles,the delicate,lonely and vulnerable dreamers,as Amanda Wingfield and her daughter,Laura in The Glass Menagerie,and Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire,surrender and lose themselves thoroughly with progress of historical and social development.
文摘Seed deterioration is an irresistible physiological phenomenon. The aim to study seed deterioration is to see if seed deterioration can be retarded artificially and the higher seed vigor of fine varieties be maintained. The change of seed deterioration occurs in almost every system, and affects many kinds of enzyme and almost all organcllc, as a result, the seed loses its vigor. The reason of seed deterioration and the lost of seed vigor are mainly studied and discussed in this paper. According to the external and internal two kinds of theory advanced by E. H. Roberts, Much deep discussions are made from the view of biochemistry.
文摘Rice noodles were prepared using dry-milled rice flours, which were treated by annealing and removing the water-soluble fraction to improve the quality of noodles without using chemical additives. The combined treatment (TC) with annealing and water-soluble fraction removal decreased the cooking losses for Goamibyeo but not for Chenmaai and Milyang260, which had soft kernels and contained less damaged starch than the hard kernel rice after milling. TC significantly reduced the hardness and adhesiveness of cooked noodles, and increased the cohesiveness according to the texture profile analysis. A sensory evaluation detected an increase in mouth feel firmness and elasticity of cooked TC noodles. These results indicate that annealing at room temperature for 3 h followed by the removal of the water-soluble fraction is effective for reducing the cooking losses and improving the textural properties of noodles made from rice flour with high starch damage.
