The Difference of the Copy Number Variation and Loss of Heterozygosity of Human Lung Large Cell Cancer Cell Line with Different Metastatic Potential

Background and Objective It has been proven that copy number gain/or loss (copy number variation CNV) in uences gene expression and result in phenotypic variation by

Analyzing on the Characteristics of Several Typical Financial Behavior of Loss Listed Companies in China

In combination with socio-economic development of China＇s current status, this article analyzes the characteristics of several typical financial behavior of loss listed companies in China. Among them, the debt financing behavior have a high level, a single means, a short-term structured and other characteristics, the corporate governance behavior have a goal of collaborative, several forms, and a complex environment, the earnings management behavior have diverse motives, many types of means, bigger range and other features, the asset restructuring behavior have a passive subject, methods of differentiation, performance-oriented features such as myopia.

Corporate Governance and the Financial Value of Financially Distressed Listed Companies

The article combines the background of Chinese system, theoretically derivates the relationship between corporate governance and their financial value, selects a sample of loss listed companies from 2003 to 2009, and studies how the level of corporate governance affects the value of listed company losses. Research results show that, among corporate governance factors, the largest shareholder and the market for corporate control have obvious positive effects on the financial value of loss listed companies; the proportion of state-owned shares, the type of audit opinion, and corporate govemance factors have obvious negative effects on the financial value of loss listed companies; and managerial ownership, the proportion of independent directors, and the size of the board have no obvious driving effect on the financial value of loss listed companies.

A Novel Apprehension of the Primary Lung Meridian, Sinew Channel, Divergent Channel, Luo-Connecting Channel Acting as a Single Unit System to Serve Respiration Function Based on Modern Neurophysiology and Kinesiology

The TCM philosophy of a meridian and associated channels pertains to the specific function of one or more organs. We define the Lung Primary Meridian (LUM) together with the Lung Sinew (LUSC), Divergent (LUDC), Luo-connecting (LULCC) Channels as a system of routes plus some parts of the body (such as muscles) to fulfil respiration, as a main function under different situations. There is very limited information about the Lung associated channels in classical literature of TCM. With a clear focus on the function of respiration, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the biomedical consequence of stimulating the LUM, analysed the roles played by LUSC, LUDC, and LULCC. The updated LUM and LUDC include acupoints of other meridians, serving the same purpose of performing satisfactory respiration starting from checking the quality of the inflow through the nose. The LUSC includes the respiratory muscles (plus the associated connective tissues) extending to various parts of the body. The muscles of the limb (as part of the LUSC) embrace the nerves that provide routes for somatosensory reflexes and play the role of locomotion, providing voluntary respiration via the pectoralis muscles. The muscles of LUSC are bounded by stiff connective tissue layers, forming compartments, and are part of the pulley system for various body locomotions. Within a compartment, the interstitial fluid, blood, lymph flows must be potent to protect the associated nerves related to LUM;the healthy state of the LUSC also provides freedom of various types of locomotion. The LULCC exists because the vagus nerve has a part of it passing through the spinal cords all the way down to the sacrum domain, with exiting nerve innervating two-third of the large intestine. The crucial steps of our deductions are supported by experimental evidence based on modern neurophysiology and kinesiology. We discover that all the four channels stated above work as a unit system to allow respiration to be possible under various postures/conditions. The complexity of structures and processes is eased off by providing 29 figures and 13 tables for the relevant muscles and nerves. In addition to respiration, the Lung system in TCM context includes interaction of this system with the sweat gland and neuroendocrine system;such aspects will be left to another study.

GENETIC ALTERRATIONS OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS ATCHROMOSOME 17 IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

Objective: To analyse the microsatellite instability (MI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: MI and LOH at chromosome 17 were checked in 35 cases of NSCLC tumor-normal paired tissues using four microsatellite markers TP53 (17pl3.1), THRA1 (17qll.2–12), D17S579 (17ql2–21) and D17S855 (17q21) by PCR based analysis. Mutations of P53 exons 5–8 were also tested using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis. Results: 22 of 35 tumors (62.8%) displayed MI or LOH. 14 tumors (40.0%) exhibited MI, 11 tumors (31.4%) exhibited LOH, while 3 tumors (8.6%) exhibited MI and LOH concurrently. 23 tumors (65.7%) exhibited P53 gene mutations. The frequency of MI or LOH was obviously higher in the early-stage (stages I and II, 78.9%) than in the advanced-stage (stage III, 43.8%). However, the frequency of MI or LOH had no difference either between high-grade (75.0%) and low-grade (52.6%) differentiated NSCLC or between the tumors with P53 mutations (59.1%) and those without P53 mutations (69.2%). No relationship was observed between the presence of MI or LOH and the histologic subtype of NSCLC. Conclusion: The results suggest that MI and LOH at chromosome 17 may play a significant role in the development of NSCLC. The high frequency of MI or LOH in the early-stage tumors indicates that these genetic alterations could occur early during NSCLC development. Our data also show that the genetic alterations of microsatellite at chromosome 17 was not associated with P53 gene mutations.

On the Impact of Brazil's Largest Recent Oil Spill on Regional Oceans

In 2019,an oil spill in Brazil,of unknown origin,severely impacted coastal environs with the worst environmental disaster ever recorded in any tropical coastal region globally severely damaging South Pirangi Reef area in the state of Rio Grande do Norte(RN).Here we discuss acute and chronic impacts including chemical contamination and economic consequences all over the world and show some evidence of the oil spill in this biodiverse area.Moreover,the lapse between the moment of the disastei;and the action to manage it,was hampered by a political agenda coinciding with local and global tragedies that redirected public attention.Meanwhile almost 2 years have passed still without the offending party identification or culpability;and poor communities may continue to absorb its deleterious impacts for decades without consideration or compensation.This disaster occurred during the Brazilian government's current issues involving extensive environmental mismanagement,resulting in a slow response from an inept system.It is with urgent necessity to spotlight this tragedy in this unique and sensitive reef habitat experiencing the ongoing damaging effects that include socio-economic losses not yet addressed.

Histomorphological and Histochemical Alterations Following Short-term Inhalation Exposure to Sulfur Mustard on Visceral Organs of Mice

Toxic effects of inhaled sulfur mustard (SM) on the histology of visceral organs was investigaed by exposing mice to 84. 6mg/m3 for 1h duration, using controlled single exposure conditions. A progressive fall in body weight from third day onwards was noticed. Light microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue of these animals at 6 h post exposure revealed that the tracheobronchial epithelium remained intact, but was infiltrated by inflammatory cells. By 24 h post exposure, the mucosecretory cells were destroyed. The indanunatory reaction was maximum at 48 h. By 7th day post exposure there was swelling and vacuolation of lung parenchymal cells and thrombi formation. In addition SM caused congestion and hemorrhage at alveolar level. SM also caused granulovacuolar degeneration with perinuclear clumping of the cytopasm of hepatocytes and renal parenchymal cells. Renallesions were chazacterized by congestion and hemorrhage. Among visceral tissues, maximum atrophywas observed in spleen. Distribution of lesions increased with post exposure period. The maximum lesions were observed at 7th day post-exposure.

Nutritional status changes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy

Objective This study aimed to assess the real-life nutritional status changes and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) receiving chemotherapy.Methods A total of 104 patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving first-line chemotherapy were included in this study. Unintentional weight loss, body mass index(BMI) changes, and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded and evaluated. Biochemical parameters [hemoglobin(Hb) and albumin levels] were compared before and after two chemotherapy cycles using SPSS software.Results Of these patients, 65.38%(68/104) experienced unintentional weight loss, whereas 30.77% and 12.5% presented with ≥ 5% and ≥ 10% degrees of weight loss, respectively, within 6 months before first-line chemotherapy was administered. Then, 48.08%(50/104) of the patients experienced unintentional weight loss after two chemotherapy cycles. The mean body weight after chemotherapy was 61.47 ± 10.37 kg, which was significantly decreased relative to that before chemotherapy(P < 0.05). The mean BMI after chemotherapy was 22.66 ± 3.34 kg/m^2, which was also significantly diminished with respect to that during the previous chemotherapy cycle(P < 0.05). The most common gastrointestinal symptoms reported among all the study patients were anorexia(80/104, 76.92%), nausea(53/104, 50.96%), constipation(49/104, 47.12%), vomiting(48/104, 46.15%), taste disorders(40/104, 38.46%), and early satiety(32/104, 30.77%). The mean Hb levels after chemotherapy were 117.06 ± 16.67 g/L, which were significantly lower than those before chemotherapy(132.73 ± 16.42 g/L)(P < 0.05). No significant difference was noted between the mean albumin levels before and after chemotherapy(38.29 ± 4.22 g/L vs 38.17 ± 4.54 g/L; P = 0.798). Conclusion Weight loss history, gastrointestinal symptoms, and Hb level decreases are determinant factors of nutritional status in patients with advanced NSCLC and must be included in the screening, evaluation, and treatment of lung carcinoma.

Acute postoperatory visual loss following bilateral lung transplantation surgery:a case series

Dear Editor,I am Rosa Gutiérrez Bonet,former ophthalmology resident at Puerta de Hierro University Hospital,Madrid,Spain.I write to present four cases of cortical blindness（CB）after bilateral lung transplant（LT）.

A study of cooperation processes in multi-agent systems of storm surge disaster

Collaborative governance mechanism is a public management process that emphasizes the establishment of trust relationship between various subjects within the government and between multiple subjects such as the government and non-government based on the needs of the interest community,so as to achieve the advantages of collaborative governance.It is an important measure to improve the national storm surge disaster management system and realize the modernization of disaster management capacity.It is also the trend of the government to improve public management.Based on the results of relevant national bulletins,the storm surge disaster is selected which is the most characteristic of Marine disasters in the scope of marine public management.We select Zhejiang Province as the research area,which is heavily affected by storm surge disaster.Based on the case subjects of previous major storm surge disasters in Zhejiang Province,we analyze the specific measures taken by relevant subjects to deal with storm surge disasters.This paper presents the current situation of the participants and the cooperation problems among the participants,finds out the causes of the problems,studies and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the coordination management among the participants,provides certain ideas for further developing the disaster prevention and reduction and emergency management of storm surge disasters in coastal areas in order to improve the understanding of multiple subjects on the emergency management of storm surge disasters.

Effect of mechanical ventilation on urine volume and expression of aquaporins in rabbits

Objective:To explore biological mechanisms underlying the traditional Chinese medicine theory of 'lung governing the regulation of water passage' by observing effects of mechanical ventilation on urine volume and related bioactive substances.Methods:A total of 16 male rabbits were randomly divided into control and lung expansion model groups (n =8 per group),which were examined during the following four respiratory intervention stages (10 minutes each):(1) free breathing without any respiratory intervention;(2) lung expansion induced by mechanical ventilator;(3) free breathing without ventilator intervention;(4) cutting of bilateral sympathetic,vagus,and depressor nerves with mechanical ventilation.Data for breathing rate,blood pressure,and urine drops were recorded with a Medlab data acquisition system.Levels of nitric oxide (NO),antidiuretic hormone (ADH),endothelin 1 (ET-1),angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ),prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were detected in lung tissue,kidney tissue,and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Protein expression of aquaporins 1 and 2 (AQP1 and AQP2) was detected in kidney tissue by immunohistochemistry,while Aqp1 mRNA and Aqp2 mRNA levels in kidney tissue were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Histopathological changes in lung and kidney tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results:Compared with the control group,number of urine drops during the second and fourth stages is significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05).In addition,NO and PGE2 content in lung and kidney tissues was significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05).ANP content in model group lung and kidney tissues was significantly increased (P <.05),while ET-1 content in these tissues was significantly decreased (P <.05).AngⅡ content in kidney tissue was significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05),while serum AngⅡ content of the animals was significantly increased (P <.05).Expression of AQP1 and AQP2 proteins in kidney tissue was significantly higher in the model group than in the control group (P <.05).No obvious histopathological changes were observed in lung or kidney tissues of animals in either group.Conclusions:Mechanical ventilation reduced urine volume,increased expression of AQP1 and AQP2 in kidney tissue,and altered levels of NO,ADH,ET-1,AngⅡ,PGE2,and ANP in lung tissue,kidney tissue,and serum.These results provide an experimental basis for preliminary studies of mechanisms under pinning the theory of 'lung governing the regulation of water passage'.

“肺主行水”理论在慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道黏液高分泌中的应用探讨

慢性阻塞性肺疾病是一种以持续性气流受限为主要特征的慢性气道炎症性疾病。气道黏液高分泌是慢性阻塞性肺疾病重要临床特征,主要是由于气道受到长期炎症刺激,杯状细胞产生过多,导致黏液堆积,产生咳嗽、咳痰等临床表现。气道黏液高分泌的实质是津液的代谢失常,而“肺主行水”是指肺气通过宣发和肃降推动和调节全身的津液代谢。慢性阻塞性肺疾病是肺失宣降的病理表现,气道黏液高分泌则是“肺主行水”功能异常的体现。在治疗上,西医以减少黏液分泌、抑制炎症等为主;中医以调理肺气宣降、调节水液代谢为基本治疗原则。“肺主行水”理论为慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道黏液高分泌的研究提供了新思路。

声誉损失、违约罚金与制造企业间低碳创新网络治理:基于演化博弈模型

针对当前我国企业间“低碳创新,协同发展”所面临的激励低效问题,基于声誉损失与违约罚金视角,构建制造企业间的低碳创新合作演化博弈模型,仿真分析在声誉损失机制和违约罚金机制作用下合作主体行为策略的演变规律。仿真结果表明:(1)当未设置违约罚金或声誉损失较小时将不利于低碳创新网络的长久发展,创新主体双方均会出现机会主义从而选择终止合作关系;(2)“强声誉机制”可以使低碳创新网络更稳定,声誉损失治理机制对制造企业的策略选择起到正向影响作用,制造企业的声誉损失越大,则其背叛成本也就越高;(3)适度的违约罚金机制能够加强创新主体间的协同绩效,而过高或过低的违约罚金均不利于低碳创新网络的长久发展。因此,该研究可以为制造企业间实现低碳创新合作建立声誉激励与违约罚金机制提供一定程度的理论依据。

基于“脾失运化”探讨运脾法调节多囊卵巢综合征内质网应激作用

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是临床常见的异质性疾病,生殖障碍和代谢异常为本病两大病理特征。内质网应激指的是由于多种因素导致未折叠和(或)蛋白质聚集,通过恢复蛋白质正确的折叠方式的一种真核细胞的适应性反应。通过对脾主运化理论的古籍文献梳理发现,脾脏运化水谷,将精微物质布散周身的功能与现代医学中内质网在细胞中的重要作用有着类似之处,即通过承担蛋白质折叠和钙储存等多项任务,保证细胞能够正常发挥生理功能。若脾失运化,痰湿阻滞是本病的核心病机,现代研究认为内质网应激能够较好地阐释脾失运化的发生学原理,这与中医学的病机认识相同。因本病的发病机制与内质网应激存在相似之处,即其发生发展均与炎症、氧化应激、雄激素过多和胰岛素合成及分泌异常等相关。内质网应激的发生可能在PCOS的疾病进展中扮演着重要角色。运脾法能够延缓内质网应激的发生,同时也可有效缓解PCOS的肥胖、胰岛素代偿性增高等相关特征。因此,缓解内质网应激有望成为治疗本病的新思路。健运脾气,补益脾阳为本病治疗大法,从恢复脾运的角度调控内质网应激,以期为改善PCOS相关临床症状提供不同的治疗角度。

唐志铭教授运用“肺主皮毛”理论辨治银屑病临证经验

“肺主皮毛”理论是肺与皮毛关系的高度概括,可用于指导多种皮肤病的诊治。唐志铭教授在银屑病的临床诊治中,运用“肺主皮毛”理论,从肺论治,疗效卓著。笔者通过跟师学习、分析研究唐志铭教授临床治疗银屑病的临床医案,从病机、治法、用药等方面总结唐志铭教授治疗银屑病的临证经验,并遴选验案以佐证。

肺癌手术患者肺功能研究现状

肺癌术后肺功能受损是临床上不可避免的问题,而手术方式、切除部位和个体差异等因素导致肺功能损失程度和恢复时间节点存在差异。对肺功能检查的简介及作用、不同手术方式、切除部位及运动康复训练对肺功能的影响进行总结。旨在比较不同手术方式及手术切除部位患者的肺功能损失情况,为患者制定个性化运动康复护理方案提供参考。

慈善捐赠对企业扭亏效果的影响机制——基于组织合法性视角

共同富裕背景下,慈善捐赠作为“第三次分配”手段可有效推动社会公平。企业是我国慈善捐赠的主力军,但在亏损时仍大力度进行慈善捐赠,是一种“反常之举”,此行为逻辑是否体现某种理性值得深入剖析。从合法性视角切入,混合使用必要性分析(NCA)和回归分析的方法,探究慈善捐赠影响企业扭亏效果的作用机制。研究发现:面临合法性缺失的亏损企业可以通过慈善捐赠提升外部合法性,企业履行对员工所尽的社会责任则通过提升内部合法性正向调节外部合法性对政府补贴的作用,从而带来绩效扭亏的结果。慈善捐赠是企业达成扭亏效果的关键必要条件,政府补贴在慈善捐赠影响扭亏效果的主效应及其与对员工社会责任的交互效应中起中介作用。本研究深化了有关亏损企业慈善捐赠、政府补贴和扭亏效果之间关系的理论认识,也为亏损企业实现扭亏为盈提供了管理启示和政策建议。

基于Unet+Attention的胸部CT影像支气管分割算法

目前肺气管分割中,由于CT图像灰度分布复杂,分割目标像素近似,易造成过分割;而且肺气管像素较少,难以得到更多目标特征,造成细小肺气管容易被忽略。针对这些难点,本研究提出结合Unet网络和注意力机制的肺气管分割算法,注意力机制使用的是关注通道域和空间域的卷积块注意力模型(CBAM),该模型提高了气管特征权重。在损失函数方面,针对原始数据中正负样本失衡的问题,引入focal loss损失函数,该函数对标准交叉熵损失函数进行了改进,使难分类样本在训练过程中得到更多关注;最后通过八连通域判断将孤立点去除,保留较大的几个连通域,即最后的肺气管部分。选用由合作医院提供的24组CT影像和43组CTA影像,共计26157张切片图像作为数据集,进行分割实验。结果表明,分割准确率能够达到0.86,过分割率和欠分割率均值为0.28和0.39。经过注意力模块和损失函数的消融实验,在改进前的准确率、过分割率和欠分割率分别为0.81、0.30、0.40,可见其分割效果均不如Unet+Attention方法。与其他常用方法在相同条件下进行比较后,在保证过分割率和欠分割率不变的情况下,所提出的算法得到了最高的准确率,较好地解决了细小气管分割不准确的问题。

基于多任务学习的间质性肺病分割算法

间质性肺病(ILD)的分割标签标注成本极高,且现有数据集通常存在样本量较少的问题,导致训练的模型效果较差。针对该问题,提出一种基于多任务学习的ILD分割算法。首先,基于U-Net构建多任务分割模型;其次,使用生成的肺部分割标签作为辅助任务标签进行多任务学习;最后,使用一种自适应调整多任务损失函数权重的方法,平衡主任务和辅助任务的损失。在自构建的ILD数据集上的实验结果表明,多任务分割模型的Dice相似系数(DSC)达到了82.61%,与U-Net相比提升了2.26个百分点。验证了所提算法可以提升ILD的分割性能,协助临床医生进行ILD诊断。

协同治理视角下海洋灾害经济损失的影响分析

协同治理机制是强调政府内部各主体间及政府与非政府等多元主体间基于利益共同体需要,彼此间建立信赖的关系,达到协作治理优势的公共管理过程。提升政府间跨部门协同治理能力是完善国家风暴潮灾害治理体系和实现灾害治理能力现代化的重要举措,也是政府完善公共管理的趋势所在。本文依托国家相关公报成果,在海洋公共管理范围内选择海洋灾害中最具特点的风暴潮灾害这一特定灾种作为研究,并选取受风暴潮灾害影响较大的浙江省作为研究区域,根据浙江省以往重大风暴潮灾害案例主体情况,分析各相关主体应对风暴潮灾害的具体措施,探索参与应对主体的现状及主体之间的协作问题,找出造成该问题的原因,进一步研究并提出应对主体间协同治理的对策和建议,以期为进一步开展我国沿海地区风暴潮灾害防灾减灾应急管理提供思路,提高多元主体对风暴潮灾害应急管理工作的认识。