Estimating shoreline response to sea level rise:the equilibrium model

Potential sandy coast erosion and socio-economic impacts under sea level rise scenarios as well as socio-economic pathways were assessed in Liaodong Bay.Results show that sea level is projected to rise by 20-43 cm in Liaodong Bay by 2100.And dry land loss increases in all sea level rise scenarios,with the maximum loss of 32.1 km2 in 2100 under RCP8.5.Coastal erosion results in forced migration,and the forced migration is higher under SSP3 than other pathways due to its higher population growth rate,reaching the highest of 3.1×10^4 under SSP3/RCP8.5 in 2100.Moreover,the differences of forced migration among all scenarios increas after 2050,and the migration increasing rates tend to decrease under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5.The maximum economic loss due to coastal erosion will reach 8.05 billion yuan under SSP5/RCP8.5 in 2100,in which land loss cost is two order less than migration cost,and the share of total erosion-induced economic loss in local GDP varies from 1.12‰ to 4.76‰ under all scenarios,which is an important indicator to draw local government's attention to take measures such as beach nourishment,especially for tourist beaches.Optimally,it is recommended by cost-benefit analysis to carry out nourishment mainly on beaches with high value,while there is no need for nourishment in areas where erosion impacts are negligible.

中医“肾生髓,脑为髓海”现代生物学基础探讨

“肾生髓,脑为髓海”的理论指导中医临床应用补肾中药来防治痴呆和提高记忆能力已经有数千年的历史。然而,这一理论的生物学基础尚未有系统的论述。作者近10年来应用拟痴呆动物模型和细胞模型等开展了补肾中药防治老年性痴呆的一系列研究。结果表明,补肾中药在老年痴呆防治中具有非常重要的地位;不同补肾中药的益脑髓功效存在较大差别;补肾中药在多种拟老年性痴呆和脑老化动物模型和细胞模型的作用特点是增强细胞能量代谢、神经营养因子表达和胆碱能神经元数量与功能,减少神经毒素生成。基于此,认为中医所指的“脑髓”,其现代生物学基础是脑内神经元和神经营养因子;脑内神经营养因子减少、神经元大量萎缩和丢失而造成“髓海不足”,可引起认知功能下降,进而可发生痴呆;中药“补肾填髓”的现代生物学基础是促进神经元细胞能量代谢和利用,激活内源性神经营养因子生成增多,同时抑制神经毒素的生成,从而减少神经元死亡,促进神经元存活与再生。

基于髓海失养论治后循环缺血性眩晕

以髓海失养为理论讨论分析后循环缺血性眩晕的病因病机及论治方法。分析认为,后循环缺血性眩晕属中医眩晕范畴,中医之髓海与现代解剖之后循环系统关系密切,肾精亏虚,髓海失养,精气虚衰,不充脑窍,精不上乘,灌注失司,则发眩晕。临证宜紧扣髓海空虚之病机,治疗上内治以补肾填精濡养髓海为主,外治宜使骨正筋柔,以通为补,则脑窍充盈,髓海得养,眩晕得解。