Effect of vibration frequency on primary phase and properties of grey cast iron fabricated by lost foam casting

The properties of gray cast iron(GCI)are affected by density of matrix,size of flake graphite and primary austenite.In this paper,the Y-type specimen of GCI was prepared by lost foam casting(LFC)with and without vibration,and the influence of vibration frequency on the density of matrix,size of primary phase,and properties of the GCI was studied.The results show that the length of the flake graphite and the size of the primary austenite in GCI firstly decrease and then increase with the increase of the vibration frequency.With a vibration frequency of 35 Hz,the length of the flake graphite is the shortest,the primary austenite is the finest and the density of the matrix is the highest.In addition,the tensile strength,elongation and hardness of the GCI firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of the vibration frequency,due to the refinement of the primary phase and the increase of the matrix density.In order to analyze the refinement mechanism of the primary phase of the GCI fabricated by the LFC with vibration,the solidification temperature fields of the GCI fabricated by the LFC with the vibration frequency of 0 and 35 Hz were measured.The results show that the vibration reduces the eutectic point of the GCI and increases the supercooling degree during the eutectic transformation.As a result,the length of the flake graphite and the size of the primary austenite in GCI fabricated by LFC with the vibration frequency of 35 Hz decrease.

High Cr white cast iron/carbon steel bimetal liner by lost foam casting with liquid-liquid composite process

Liners in wet ball mill for mineral processing industry must bear abrasive wear and corrosive wear, and consequently, the service life of the liner made from traditional materials, such as Hadfield steel and alloyed steels, is typically less than ten months. Bimetal liner, made from high Cr white cast iron and carbon steel, has been successfully developed by using liquid-liquid composite lost foam casting process. The microstructure and interface of the composite were analyzed using optical microscope, SEM, EDX and XRD. Micrographs indicate that the boundary of bimetal combination regions is staggered like dogtooth, two liquid metals are not mixed, and the interface presents excellent metallurgical bonding state. After heat treatment, the composite liner specimens have shown excellent properties, including hardness 〉 61 HRC, fracture toughness ak 〉16.5 J.cm2 and bending strength 〉1,600 MPa. Wear comparison was made between the bimetal composite liner and alloyed steel liner in an industrial hematite ball mill of WISCO, and the results of eight-month test in wet grinding environment have proved that the service life of the bimetal composite liner is three times as long as that of the alloyed steel liner.

Effect of vibration frequency on microstructure and performance of high chromium cast iron prepared by lost foam casting

In the present research, high chromium cast irons(HCCIs) were prepared using the lost foam casting(LFC) process. To improve the wear resistance of the high chromium cast irons(HCCIs), mechanical vibration was employed during the solidification of the HCCIs. The effects of vibration frequency on the microstructure and performance of the HCCIs under as-cast, as-quenched and as-tempered conditions were investigated. The results indicated that the microstructures of the LFC-produced HCCIs were refined due to the introduction of mechanical vibration, and the hardness was improved compared to that of the alloy without vibration. However, only a slight improvement in hardness was found in spite of the increase of vibration frequency. In contrast, the impact toughness of the as-tempered HCCIs increased with an increase in the vibration frequency. In addition, the wear resistance of the HCCIs was improved as a result of the introduction of vibration and increased with an increase in the vibration frequency.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron in Lost Foam Casting with Vibration

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the ductile cast iron （DI） specimens obtained by lost foam casting （LFC） with and without vibration were investigated. The results indicate that the number of the graphite nodule increases from 175 mm 2 of the specimens produced by LFC without vibration to 334 mm^-2 of the specimens produced by LFC with vibration, and the thickness of the ferrite shell increases. Meanwhile, the amount of the carbides decreases in the specimens produced by LFC with vibration and the granule structure then forms. These are mainly attributed to the ＂crystal shower＂ caused by the vibration. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of DI specimens produced by LFC with vibration are improved due to the dispersion-strengthening of refined carbide and Dearlite colonv, uniform distribution of the graphite nodule, and increase of the amount of dimples and tearing edges.

HCWCI/Carbon Steel Bimetal Liner by Liquid-Liquid Compound Lost Foam Casting

Impact, friction and corrosion from the grinding balls and the grinding medium during the mineral processing result in liner breakage. Liner, made from Hadfield steel or alloyed steel, could not have served in wet grinding environment for more than ten months. Composite liner, made from HCWCI (high Cr white cast iron) and carbon steel, has been developed successfully with liquid-liquid composing process based on LFC (lost foam casting). The microstructure of composite was analyzed with optical microscope, SEM (scanning electron microscope)/EDX energy-dispersive X-ray and XRD (X-ray diffraction). According to micrograph, the combination region of two metals was staggered like dogtooth, no mixtures occurred between two liquid metals, and its interface presented excellent metallurgical bonding state. The results of mechanical property test show that, the hardness of HRC, the fracture toughness, and the bending strength are more than 61, 16.5 J/cm2 and 1 600 MPa, respectively. Comparison between liners made from bimetal composite and alloyed steel has also been investigated in industrial hematite ball mill. The results of eight months test in wet grinding environment prove that the service life of bimetal composite liner is three times as long as that of one made from alloyed steel.

PIXE ANALYSIS OF GRAPHITE PHASE IN NODULAR CAST IRON

The graphite phase has been extracted from the nodular cast iron to measure the concentration of trace element in it. The impurity phase was removed from the extracted matter by dissolving it with HCl and HCl+H2O2 to get the pure graphite phase. PIXE measurements were performed with thick targets of the pure graphite phase. Differences in the trace element concentrations between the graphite phase and the matrix have been observed. The effect of Ti and As in graphite phase on the nodularization rate and the mechanical properties have been studied.

Thermal conductivity of cast iron-A review

This paper gives a brief introduction to the four research methods for the study on thermal conductivity of cast irons,including experimental measurement,statistical analysis,effective medium theory and numerical simulation.Recent studies on the thermal conductivity of various cast irons are reviewed through the influence of alloying elements,structural constituents,and temperature.The addition of alloying elements is the main reason that restricts the thermal conductivity of cast irons,especially spheroidal graphite cast iron.The connectivity of graphite has a significant effect on the thermal conductivity of flake and compacted graphite cast irons,semiquantitative and quantitative analysis of this factor is a key and difficult point in the study of thermal conductivity of cast irons.The thermal conductivities of different types of cast irons show varying degrees of dependence on temperature.This phenomenon is the combination of graphite and matrix,rather than just depending on graphite morphology.The study of the relationship between individual phase and temperature is the focus of future research.These summaries and discussions may provide reference and guidance for the future research and development of high thermal conductivity cast irons.

DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECT OF Ce IN RE BEARING DUCTILE IRON

The dependence of nodularization of graphite upon Ce content in RE bearing nodular cast iron,prepared by directional solidification,has been investigated by electrolytic extraction-radioisotope assay analysis of Ce in each phase of the iron together with measurement of nodulized graphite.Results show that the Ce occurs mainly as alloyed form. In the graphite phase,the Ce content is believed to be characterization of nodularization.The graphite would completely nodulized only the Ce is over a certain content in graphite phase.

QT500-7球墨铸铁汽车制动钳与支架反白口产生原因

某QT500-7球墨铸铁汽车制动钳与支架日常检验中出现两种不同特征的反白口缺陷,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、显微硬度测试、扫描电镜与能谱分析等方法对反白口缺陷的产生原因进行分析。结果表明:成分偏析是制动钳试样反白口缺陷形成的主要原因,而成分偏析和孕育衰退是支架试样反白口缺陷形成的主要原因;制动钳试样存在反石墨化元素的偏析,增大了铁水的过冷倾向,从而形成反白口缺陷;支架试样中心区域存在孕育衰退,加上反石墨化元素的偏析,使试样形成反白口缺陷。

重型变速器壳体消失模铸件的质量控制

为降低变速器壳体夹杂、夹渣和渗铁缺陷,根据消失模铸造原理和变速器壳体结构特性,对缺陷产生的原因进行分析,通过模型烘干时间优化、自动涂胶机的应用、选取合理浇注温度、优化铸件结构、陶瓷过滤网的使用和采用数字化过程控制等措施,可将变速器壳体综合废品率控制在4%以内。

碳纳米管/球墨铸铁复合材料制备及组织性能的研究

研究了利用消失模铸造工艺把碳纳米管加入到球墨铸铁铁液中,制备碳纳米管/球墨铸铁复合材料试样的工艺方法,并研究了不同CNTs含量对球墨铸铁显微组织及布氏硬度的影响。结果表明,采用含碳纳米管的消失模铸造工艺可以有效地把碳纳米管加入到铸铁中。随着CNTs的加入,球墨铸铁显微组织中的石墨球数增多,球径减小,铁素体含量、珠光体含量基本不变,布氏硬度增大;加入量过多时,会出现偏聚。

硫对消失模铸造灰铸铁组织和性能的影响

在消失模铸造条件下,通过向铁液中加入硫铁增硫的方法改变铸铁的含硫量,研究了含硫量的变化(0.027%～0.143%)对灰铸铁微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当含硫量小于0.121%时,薄壁灰铸铁中过冷石墨的数量随着硫量的增加而减少,当含硫量增至0.143%时,过冷石墨基本消除;在试验成分范围内,随着含硫量的增加,灰铸铁的抗拉强度及硬度先提高后降低,当硫含量在0.078%～0.121%范围时,灰铸铁的微观组织和力学性能最为理想。

Mn、Cu对球墨铸铁组织性能的影响

为获得高强度高塑性的球墨铸铁,通过加入微量合金元素Mn和Cu,研究Mn和Cu对球墨铸铁微观组织和力学特性的影响。结果表明:Mn的加入提高了球墨铸铁中珠光体含量、球墨铸铁的抗拉强度和硬度,但塑性下降;在Mn含量一定时,添加适量的Cu后,球墨铸铁的性能进一步提高。研究发现,添加适量的合金元素Mn和Cu可生产高强度的球墨铸铁,且塑性值比对应的国家标准大幅度提高。

石墨漂浮对球铁机械性能的影响

研究了石墨漂浮对球铁机械性能的影响规律．结果表明：石墨漂浮的出现使球铁的抗拉强度降为非漂浮区的８０％；延伸率为非漂浮区的７５％；断面收缩率为非漂浮区的６０％；冲击韧性平均降低为非漂浮区的２０％；残余屈服强度略有降低，对布氏硬度影响不大．石墨漂浮对球铁机械性能的影响不取决于铸件漂浮层深度，而取决于漂浮的有无．

消失模铸造球铁铸件的试验研究

总结了消失模铸造球墨铸铁QT500-8铸件的研制经验,提出了消失模铸造球墨铸铁QT500-8铸件控制的主要工艺因素。试验结果表明,采用消失模铸造技术生产球墨铸铁汽车行星齿轮框架铸件,铸件精度高,废品率低,具有较好的经济效益。

改性纳米SiC粉体强化球墨铸铁的耐磨损性能

采用改性纳米SiC粉体对球墨铸铁进行了强韧化处理,研究了不同的纳米SiC粉体加入量对球墨铸铁的微观组织、力学性能以及耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明,经改性纳米SiC粉体强韧化处理后,球墨铸铁中的石墨球尺寸减小,圆整度提高,铁素体含量增多,球墨铸铁的韧性和耐磨损性能提高。当粉体加入量为0.1%(质量分数)时,其延伸率和冲击功分别增加了19%和194%。耐磨损性能提高的原因是石墨球形态的改善和基体组织韧性的提高。

激光表面处理对球墨铸铁冲蚀性能的影响

研究了激光表面熔化处理的球墨铸铁试样在石英浆料中的冲刷腐蚀特性 .结果表明 ,经过激光表面处理的球墨铸铁与原球墨铸铁相比具有很高的硬度和较好的耐冲蚀磨损性能 ,当冲刷角度为 0°、冲刷速度在 0 .5 8～ 4.47m/ s范围内时 ,激光处理试样的耐磨性是球墨铸铁试样的 3倍以上 ;冲刷角度对激光处理球墨铸铁的冲蚀磨损性能有很大的影响 ,激光试样的磨损质量损失随着冲刷角度的增大而增加 ,当冲刷角度为 45°时 ,激光试样与球墨铸铁试样的单位磨损质量损失已很接近 ;在 p H值处于 4～ 7的范围内 ,激光处理试样的耐腐蚀磨损性能为球墨铸铁的 2～

炉前快速评价球墨铸铁球化质量的新方法

介绍一种球铁球化质量炉前快速检测新技术。在理论分析与实验研究的基础上 ,提出了一种快速测定液态合金表面张力的新方法——气泡幅频当量法。通过毛细管向被测液体吹气 ,利用高精度数据采集与处理系统快速测得规定时间内所形成气泡的个数 (频 )以及气泡内微压差变化 (幅 ) ,以此两参数作变量 ,经适当运算后形成的当量来表征液体表面张力的变化。铁水表面张力与其石墨形态之间有密切关系 ,因此 ,应用气泡幅频当量法 ,可以实现球铁球化质量的炉前快速检测。

灰铸铁件消失模铸造充型形态的研究

采用高速摄影法,对灰铸铁件消失模铸造充型形态进行了初步研究。结果表明,不同真空度对铁水的充型形态和充型速度有较大影响,提高真空度,铁水充型的附壁效应更加明显且充型时间大为缩短,验证了铁水充型形态的基本规律。

消失模铸造灰铸铁石墨形态的研究

在消失模铸造条件下,文章研究了冷却速度、碳当量、硫质量分数及孕育方法对亚共晶灰铸铁石墨形态的影响。结果表明：当铸铁的碳当量降低时,在铸件的薄壁处极易出现过冷石墨,E型石墨数量增多;通过瞬时孕育,可显著改善石墨形核的条件,控制过冷石墨的形成;灰铸铁中,含硫量对石墨组织也具有很重要的影响,当灰铸铁的含硫量为0.08%-0.12%时,可促进石墨形核,抑制过冷石墨的出现。