PROPAGATION OF 30—60 DAY LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON THE SUBTROPICAL WESTERLIES JET STREAM DURING NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER

Based on daily ECMWF gridpoint data of two winters during 1981—1983 including an ENSO year,propagation of low frequency oscillations(LFO)during Northern Hemisphere winters and their influences upon 30—60 day oscillations of the subtropical jet stream are studied with the sta- tistical methods as complex empirical orthogonal function(CEOF)and so on.Results show that in the winter of a normal year(1981—1982),30—60 day oscillations in the subtropical zone are mainly in the northern and southern flanks of exit region of jet stream.In the ENSO year(1982— 1983),they are mainly in the vicinity of entrance and exit regions of jet stream.Intraseasonal changes of subtropical jet stream manifested themselves as latitudinal fluctuation or longitudinal progression or regression of about 40 day period.There are marked differences between propagat- ing passages of low frequency modes responsible for changes of subtropical jet stream in the normal year(1981—1982)and in the ENSO year(1982—1983).Changes of oscillation amplitude show obvious phases.In general,the one in late winter is stronger than that in early winter,strongest one occurs in February.

ANALYSIS ON THE SOURCE AND SINK OF KINETIC ENERGY OF ATMOSPHERIC 30—60 DAY PERIOD OSCILLATION AND THE PROBABLE CAUSES

Based on ECMWF daily grid point data in summer (May—August),1981,the distribution features of the source and sink of kinetic energy of atmosphere 30—60 day oscillation,including its horizontal distribution characteristics and its vertical structure characteristics,are investigated systematically with diagnostic analysis methods over a latitude belt between 80°N and 60°S.Also,the probable reasons for the existence of the source and sink of low frequency kinetic energy (LFKE) are discussed preliminarily.Results show that the horizontal distribution of the sources and sinks of kinetic energy of atmospheric 30—60 day oscillation is extremely different.The significant sources and sinks of LFKE mainly exist in the oceans and the coastal regions of continents or islands in the mid-high latitudes.It is also found that,in the vertical direction,the sources and sinks of kinetic energy of 30—60 day oscillation display barotropic structure in the mid-high latitudes of both hemispheres,but dispaly baroclinic structure in the equtorial region,and in the horizontal direction, the sources and sinks mainly display zonal wave-like distribution.The source and sink of LFKE are determinded by ageostrophic wind effect,frictional effect,interaction between sub-grid-scale systems,nonlinear interaction,and the flux-divergence of LFKE transported by transient wind. There are some regional reasons for the generation of sources and sinks which are not completely identical in different areas.

南海地区大气30～60天低频振荡及其对南海夏季风的可能影响

本文利用1979~2008年美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）和美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）第二套再分析资料、美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的向外长波辐射（OLR）资料及1979~2007年全球降水资料（CMAP）,分析了南海地区热带大气的低频振荡及其对南海夏季风的可能影响。结果表明,夏半年南海地区存在显著的30~60天的周期振荡。当30~60天低频振荡处于活跃位相时,南海及其周围地区的低层大气为低频西南风,南海和菲律宾北部为低频气旋流场且为正的位涡度,对应着增强的南海夏季风槽和南海夏季风;当30~60天低频振荡处于不活跃位相时,情形正好相反。进一步的研究揭示出,夏半年30~60天低频振荡变化的空间型与夏半年平均场的年际变化的空间分布非常相似,并且南海及其附近地区的30~60天低频振荡活动的年际变化对夏半年平均场的年际变化有显著的贡献。强、弱南海夏季风年30~60天低频振荡活动的比较也说明,强的南海夏季风年30~60天低频振荡活跃状态发生的概率大于不活跃状态发生的概率,而弱的南海夏季风年则是不活跃状态发生的概率大于活跃状态发生的概率。因此,南海地区30~60天低频振荡对南海夏季风很可能有重要影响,当30~60天低频振荡的活跃状态处于主导时,南海夏季风往往会偏强;反之,如果不活跃状态处于主导时,南海夏季风往往会偏弱。

江淮流域梅雨期降水与10-30d低频振荡的联系

利用1961--2010年中国756站逐日降水资料和NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析资料，分析了江淮流域梅雨期降水与10～30d低频振荡的关系。结果表明，梅雨偏多年降水具有明显的10～30d的周期变化，低频振荡经向上的北传和纬向上的西传与江淮流域梅雨期降水的活跃及中断关系密切。在梅雨偏多年，低层10～30d振荡主要通过南海低频反气旋和日本海低频气旋对江淮流域降水产生影响，并调控着西太平洋副热带高压的西进、东退，进而影响输送到江淮流域的水汽强度及冷暖空气在江淮流域的汇合；而高层，亚洲大陆中纬度地区东西向的低频气旋和反气旋影响着南亚高压的位置，从而形成江淮流域低频降水的强弱变化。

青藏高原夏季风和南海夏季风低频振荡的关系

利用1948-2010年NCEP/NCAR全球大气逐日平均的再分析资料分析了青藏高原夏季风和南海夏季风大气低频振荡的可能关系。结果表明,夏半年高原地区和南海地区季风均存在明显的30~50天的振荡周期,并且两者在这个振荡周期上存在明显的位相关系,即南海夏季风的低频振荡比青藏高原夏季风提前约3/4个位相,对500 h Pa和850 h Pa低频风场的研究也得出同样的结果。两者存在明显位相关系的原因之一可能是3月下旬开始南海向青藏高原地区的低频输送。

汛期强降水过程与月内低频降水的联系及其可能机制

利用1981 2010年中国753站逐日降水观测资料、NCEP/NCAR第二套逐日再分析资料及实况天气图等,选取长江中下游32次大范围持续性强降水过程,分析了该类强降水过程与月内(10~30天)低频降水的联系,并重点讨论了形成该类强降水过程的可能机制。结果表明:(1)长江中下游夏季降水具有显著的月内低频振荡周期。大范围持续性强降水过程基本位于降水低频振荡的峰值阶段。(2)梅汛期(6 7月)月内低频降水峰值位相前期,西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)西伸北进,高低空急流发展加强。在强降水过程发生期,高中低层配置出现垂直方向上的最佳耦合;而台汛期(89月)低频降水峰值位相前期,西太副高东退南撤,低空急流逐渐南落至长江中下游东南部,与高空急流相配合,为强降水过程的发生提供了有利条件。(3)梅汛期东北亚低频位势高度低值区南下,与中纬太平洋西传的低频波列在长江中下游汇合。同时西太副高发展加强,造成了长江中下游降水峰值位相南高北低的低频位势高度分布,有利于强降水过程的发生;台汛期伴随从热带西太平洋到日本海低频波列的西北向移动,菲律宾东北部的低频气旋及其北侧低频反气旋的降水峰值位相分别移至长江中下游和东北亚地区,导致暖湿、干冷气流在长江流域交汇,进而造成强降水过程。(4)菲律宾以东洋面低频强对流可作为梅汛期和台汛期强降水过程发生的前期热带信号,提前低频降水峰值位相10天左右。