Investigation on experimental method of low-impedance materials using modified Hopkinson pressure bar

To increase the detectability of split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） of low-impedance materials, modifications were conducted on traditional SHPB apparatus with a PMMA tube to output transmitted signal, and weak signals were further amplified by semiconductor strain gauges. Experiments on soft rubbers and cushioning foam materials were carried out. In order to analyze the accuracy of the experimental results, the stress equilibrium issues involved in the assumptions of SHPB were investigated. First, by way of re-constructing loading process of incident wave, the stress- strain curve was obtained, along with the stress equilibrium ratio of specimen. Secondly, the influences on the accuracy of stress-strain curves were investigated through the elastic modulus comparisons. And the results illustrate that the bilinear incident wave from experiments can ensure the stress equilibrium deformation of specimen after 2 normalized times, much sooner than ramp incident waves. Moreover, it even facilitates specimen deformation with a constant strain rate. The results confirm that the detectability of the modified SHPB can be down to tens kPa with enough accuracy level.

Low-loss Cd-substituted Mg ferrites with matching impedance for high-frequency-range antennas

The effects of Cd^(2+) ions on the microstructure,magnetic properties,and dielectric properties of Bi_(2)O_(3)-added MgFe_(2)O_(4) ferrites(Cd_(x)Mg_(1-x)Fe_(2)O_(4),x=0.00,0.15,0.30 and 0.45)are obtained by adopting the solid-state reaction method at a low temperature(910℃).The objective is to achieve matching impedances,low magnetic and dielectric losses(tanδμand tanδε,respectively),and a relatively large miniaturization factor to reduce antenna size.Experimental results indicate that the cations occupying the tetrahedral(A)and octahedral(B)ion sites are redistributed,resulting in an enhanced super-exchange interaction between the two sublattices.As a result,improved magnetization,including the increase in saturation magnetization(41.74 emu/g)and decrease in coercivity(63.75 Oe),is realized.The real part of permeability(μ')also increases with increasing concentration of Cd^(2+) ions.When x is 0.15,matching impedances with equivalent μ'and ε'values are obtained over a long frequency range(1–150MHz).Moreover,the formation of a dense microstructure guarantees that losses occur at low orders of magnitude(tanδμ≈10−2 and tanδε≈10−3).Accordingly,these properties afford wide application perspectives for the proposed compounds in the high-frequency region,i.e.,from high-frequency to very-high-frequency bands.

Impedance Spectroscopy of Concentrated Zirconia Nanopowder Dispersed Systems Experimental Technique

We propose an experimental spectroscopy method for investigating the electrical characteristics of concentrated nanopowder dispersed systems based on compacted ZrO2. The technique is based on measurement of electrochemical impedance of the compacts. A possibility is shown for using the technique to study the processes of structure formation in nanopowder dispersed systems. It is shown that the technique is quite sensitive to detect subtle effects due to the chemical composition of the reactants from which the dispersed phase has been synthesized and external electromagnetic fields. In particular, it has been determined that the powders produced by chemical deposition possess conductiv-ity by nanoparticle volume which is several order of magnitude lower than that for powders obtained from the chloride feedstock. It has been revealed that exposure to weak (H = 105 A/m - 106 A/m) pulsed magnetic fields leads to a redistribution of free charge carriers between volume and surface of the nanoparticles.

Design and Test of a CMOS Low Noise Amplifier in Bluetooth Transceiver

A RF low noise amplifier,integrated in a single bluetooth transceiver chip and fabricated in 0.35μm digital CMOS technology,is presented.Under the consideration of ESD protection and package,design methodology is discussed from the aspects of noise optimization,impedance match,and forward gain.At 2.05GHz,the measured S 11 is -6.4dB, S 21 is 11dB with 3dB-BW of 300MHz,and NF is about 5.3dB.It indicates that comprehensive consideration of parasitics,package model,and reasonable process is necessary for RF circuit design.

Ambiently fostering solid electrolyte interphase for low-temperature lithium metal batteries

Despite being a leading candidate to meet stringent energy targets,lithium(Li) metal batteries(LMBs)face severe challenges at low temperatures such as dramatic increase in impedance,capacity loss and dendrite growth.Unambiguously fingerprinting rate-limited factors of low-temperature LMBs would encourage targeted approaches to promote performances.Herein,the charge transfer impedance across solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) is identified to restrict battery operation under low temperature,and we propose a facile approach on the basis of ambiently fostering SEI(af-SEI) to facilitate charge transfer.The concept of af-SEI stems from kinetic benefits and structural merits to construct SEI at ambient temperature over low temperature developed SEI that is temporally consuming to achieve steady state and that is structurally defective to incur dendrite growth.The af-SEI allows ionically conductive and morphologically uniform layer on the anode surface,which exhibits a lower resistance and induces an even deposition of Li in the subsequent low temperature battery operation.Armed with af-SEI,the LMBs deliver the improved rate performance and prolonged cycle life when subjected to low temperature cycling.This work unveils the underlying causes that limit low temperature LMB performances,and enlightens the facile test protocols to build up favorable SEI,beyond scope of material and morphology design.

Conductive property of Zr_(0.1)Fe_(0.9)V_(1.1)Mo_(0.9)O_7 with low thermal expansion

Low thermal expansion materials are mostly ceramics with low conductive property, which limits their applications in electronic devices. The poor conductive property of ceramic ZrV_2 O_7 could be improved by bi-substitution of Fe and Mo for Zr and V, accompanied with low thermal expansion. Zr_(0.1) Fe_(0.9) V_(1.1 )Mo_(0.9 )O_7 has electrical conductivity of 8.2× 10^(-5) S/cm and 9.41× 10^(-4) S/cm at 291 K and 623 K, respectively. From 291 K to 413 K, thermal excitation leads to the increase of carrier concentration, which causes the rapid decrease of resistance. At 413–533 K, the conductivity is unchanged due to high scattering probability and a slowing increase of carrier concentration. The conductivity rapidly increases again from533 K to 623 K due to the intrinsic thermal excitation. The thermal expansion coefficient of Zr_(0.1) Fe_(0.9) V_(1.1 )Mo_(0.9 )O_7 is as low as 0.72× 10^(-6 )K^(-1) at 140–700 K from the dilatometer measurement. These properties suggest that Zr_(0.1) Fe_(0.9) V_(1.1 )Mo_(0.9 )O_7 has attractive application in electronic components.

Compact Low Pass Filter Design for L-Band Application

An effective technique to design compact low pass filter has been proposed in this paper. The proposed method is highly effective for L-band applications. Low impedance microstrip lines are arranged such that they work as open stubs to increase the selectivity of the filter. Using the proposed technique about 57% size reduction has been realized with sharper roll off characteristics. An empirical expression is derived to determine the dimension of resonators. For cut-off frequency of 1.7 GHz the investigated method has been fabricated and tested. There is a close agreement be-tween simulated and measured

THE INFLUENCE OF LOW-FREQUENCY VARYING MAGNETIC FIELDON THE PULSATILE FLOW IN A RIGID ROUND TUBE

In this paper, the analytic solution of the dynamical equation of the pulsatile flow in a rigid round tube under the low-frequency varying magnetic field is obtained. The velocity distribution and the flow impedance are calculated. The results of e valuable for understanding the influence of low-frequency varying magnetic field on hemodynamics and its clinical application.

Radio Frequency Low Noise Amplifier with Linearizing Bias Circuit

A 1.34 GHz-1=60 MHz low noise amplifier （LNA） designed in a 0.35 pm SiGe process is presented. The designed LNA exhibits a power gain of 21.46 dB and a noise figure （NF） of 1.27 dB at 1.34 GHz. The linearity is improved with an active biasing technique. The post-layout simulation shows an input referred 1-dB compression point （IPldn） of-11.52 dBm. Compared with the recent reported high gain LNAs, the proposed LNA has a much better linearity without degrading other performance. The LNA draws 10 mA current from a 3.3 V power supply.

基于等效序阻抗差异特征的低频输电线路差动保护优化方案

低频输电线路故障时,两侧短路电流均由模块化多电平矩阵变换器提供,两侧短路电流相角均受控且幅值相当,导致差动保护灵敏度严重下降。分析了低频输电系统定电压控制侧和功率控制侧的等效正、负序阻抗特征,指出因控制策略不同,系统故障时两侧等效正、负序阻抗特征存在明显差异。分析了低频输电线路区内和区外故障两侧保护装置测量到的等效序阻抗之间的差异性和相似性,基于此特征构建了两侧等效序阻抗差异指标,提出了基于等效序阻抗差异指标的差动保护制动系数优化方法。仿真结果表明,所提方案能够显著提升低频输电线路区内故障时差动保护的动作速度和动作灵敏性。

柔性低频输电系统的故障分量特征及保护适用性分析

柔性低频输电系统由于运行频率的改变以及柔性低频换流站的控制机理,其故障特征以及对保护原理的影响较为复杂。为了分析故障分量保护原理在柔性低频输电系统中的适用性问题,基于柔性低频换流站的控制架构,建立了以故障限流为故障控制策略的双端型低频输电模型。计及该系统线路发生三相故障的控制特性,分析了不同情况下的低频故障分量阻抗特性,并推导出低频等值阻抗的量化计算式,进而从理论上分析其对传统故障分量保护元件的影响机理。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC平台上搭建了双端低频输电测试模型对理论分析进行仿真验证。研究结果表明:柔性低频输电系统在一定故障条件下可造成故障分量保护范围缩小,甚至使得保护元件完全失效,研究结果对于低频系统继电保护研究的开展具有一定的参考作用。

基于电流模结构的超宽带无源混频器设计

采用SMIC 55 nm CMOS工艺,提出基于电流模结构的2~8 GHz超宽带高线性度直接下变频无源混频器结构.本设计主要结构为低噪声跨导放大器(low noise transconductance amplifier,LNTA)驱动I/Q两路电流模无源混频器,负载为低输入阻抗的跨阻放大器(trans-impedance amplifier,TIA),即LNTA-Passive Mixer-TIA结构.LNTA采用电容交叉耦合以及双端正反馈结构,解决阻抗匹配以及噪声等关键参数的折中问题.整个接收机链路获得较好的线性度及噪声性能,对于电源电压以及衬底噪声的鲁棒性也有所提升.后仿结果表明,在电源电压1.2 V情况下,射频输入信号频率为2~8 GHz,1 dB压缩点为−5.5 dBm,带内输入三阶交调点为−1 dBm,整体噪声系数为4 dB,核心版图面积为0.12 mm^(2).

计及异频耦合谐波的模块化多电平矩阵变换器阻抗建模

模块化多电平矩阵变换器(modular multilevel matrix converter,M3C)是低频输电系统的核心装备,所连接异频交流系统电气量在变换器桥臂直接耦合,其桥臂电气量不仅含有两侧交流系统各自基频的整数次谐波,还含有二者交互耦合产生的非基频整数倍谐波分量(称为异频耦合谐波)。忽略子模块直流电压动态和异频耦合谐波、以基频为频率间隔的多谐波线性化建模方法,难以准确刻画M3C的谐波特性,影响阻抗模型的精度,无法揭示子模块直流电压动态及谐波对阻抗特性的影响机理。论文首先基于M3C谐波特性分析,建立考虑两侧交流系统异频耦合谐波的多谐波向量频域模型,并通过M3C 9个桥臂多谐波小信号的相序关系和传递关系分析得到M3C单桥臂主电路小信号模型,降低阻抗建模复杂度;在此基础上,进一步考虑控制环路频率耦合效应的影响,建立能够准确反映直流电压动态和谐波特性影响的M3C序阻抗模型。最后,在RT-Lab实时仿真平台上通过时域仿真和扫频实验,验证M3C阻抗模型的准确性,并对影响阻抗特性的关键因素进行分析。

双圆极化近场成像张量全息超表面

近场波束赋形可用于近场通信、无线功率传输等领域,而基于全息超表面设计的近场成像天线具有剖面低、无需馈电网络和波束调控灵活等优势。对标量和张量全息超表面近场成像进行了理论推导、仿真分析和实物验证。在此基础上,利用张量全息超表面设计了一款集成平面馈源的近场成像天线,全波仿真和测试结果相吻合,验证了该超表面具有可同时利用左旋和右旋圆极化进行近场成像的能力。

基于虚拟阻抗VPI谐振控制器的MMC环流抑制策略

针对MMC相间环流包含的二倍频以及偶次高倍频问题,该文提出了基于虚拟阻抗VPI谐振控制器的新型环流抑制策略,该策略通过虚拟阻抗与VPI谐振控制器结合,从而有效抑制环流中二倍频及偶次高倍频。首先建立了模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的数学模型,分析了内部环流;其次将环流二倍频分量利用陷波器精准提取之后采用VPI谐振控制器进行抑制;最后设计了虚拟阻抗,抑制环流中的高频谐波分量。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建三相MMC仿真模型并进行验证。

低阻抗电解液添加剂二氟磷酸锂的研究进展

在锂离子电池电解液添加剂中,二氟磷酸锂(LiDFP)可改善电池多方面的性能,尤其是其出色的低阻抗效果受到高度关注。综述了LiDFP在调节固体电解质界面膜(SEI)阻抗,改善电池低温性能、倍率性能和高温稳定性等方面的研究进展,介绍了LiDFP在实际应用中存在的问题和解决方案。阐述了LiDFP的作用机理,并对低阻抗电解液添加剂的开发进行了展望。

弱电网下新能源逆变器自同步电压源低电压穿越控制方法

新能源并网逆变器的自同步电压源控制技术对构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统具有重大意义,然而当弱电网电压发生跌落时,传统的自同步控制方法在低电压穿越(low voltage ride through,LVRT)过程中会出现由于电网阻抗大、相角差大等引起的瞬态电流冲击大、弱电网电压无法维持稳定、电压-电流控制能力须相互平衡等一系列问题。推导了低电压跌落时弱电网电压矢量与弱电网阻抗、并网电流之间的关系以及影响因素,进而提出了一种基于暂稳态阻抗重塑的多状态跟随自同步电压源LVRT控制方法,通过稳态阻抗来平衡电压和电流之间的控制能力;通过暂态阻抗重塑保证了整个过程的电压与电流瞬态控制与平滑过渡能力。为了进一步保证弱网下跌落和恢复过渡过程的平滑切换与稳定运行,提出了基于多状态跟随的暂态控制策略,优先发出无功支撑电网电压,并补偿相角和幅值突变带来的瞬态过电压和过电流冲击,帮助电网电压平稳过渡。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中验证了所提控制方法的正确性与有效性。

基于辅助磁芯阻抗自适应调整的输电线路在线稳定取能方法

针对输电线路电流大范围波动导致在线取能装置能量溢出的问题,为保障取能需求提出了一种基于辅助磁芯阻抗自适应调整的输电线路在线稳定取能方法。通过增添辅助磁芯,构建取能支路和信号支路的多磁路模型来达到稳定取能的目的。基于母线电流、取能支路线圈电流和信号支路线圈电流之间的联系,在Matlab/Simulink仿真和试验平台上搭建了相应的取能模型。分别在不同电流、有无辅助磁芯两种工况下探究取能支路的运行效果,同时对成本、控制复杂度及可靠性进行分析。最后的仿真和试验结果表明,输电线路电流由30 A上升至100 A,取能负载输出电压仍能维持在稳定范围内,在无须额外供电模块的条件下也能保障取能负载输出电压,满足在线监测装置的供电需求。

生物电阻抗法测量18~42岁成人四肢骨骼肌质量的准确性评价

目的评价生物电阻抗法(bioelectrical impedance analysis,BIA)测量成人四肢骨骼肌质量(appendicular skeletal muscle mass,ASM)的准确性。方法采用方便抽样法,于2021年4月至2022年9月在广州全市招募836名18~42岁成人,采用BIA与双能X线吸收法(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)同步检测ASM。以DXA为标准方法,通过组内相关系数以及在对数变换数据中进行Bland-Altman分析判断BIA与DXA所测值的一致性,以此评价BIA测量ASM的准确性。绘制受试者工作特征曲线,评价BIA识别低肌肉质量的诊断价值。结果最终纳入774名研究对象。男、女性中两法所测ASM组内相关系数分别为0.774和0.667。男、女性中BIA与DXA所测ASM比值均值(一致性限)分别为0.94(0.80~1.10)和0.91(0.78~1.05)。BIA识别男、女性低肌肉质量的曲线下面积分别0.91和0.94。BIA判断男、女性低肌肉质量的Z值最佳界值分别为-0.57和-0.66,男性中BIA识别低肌肉质量的灵敏度、特异度分别为82.5%、86.0%,女性中分别为86.8%、93.8%。结论BIA与DXA所测成人四肢骨骼肌质量的一致性尚可,且BIA识别18~42岁成人低肌肉质量的诊断价值较好。

基于线路阻抗特性的SOP低电压穿越控制策略

分布式新能源出力具有波动性,且接入位置不均匀,当其规模化接入配电网后将增大发生故障的概率。在配电网发生故障时,增强并网电力电子设备的低电压穿越(low voltage ride through,LVRT)性能是保障配电网稳定运行的技术关键,已成为当前研究热点之一。以柔性互联配电网中的柔性电力电子开关(soft open point,SOP)为对象,结合配电网馈线线路阻抗特性,提出一种基于线路阻抗特性的SOP LVRT控制策略。首先,分析线路阻抗对换流器接入公共耦合点(point of common coupling,PCC)电压的影响,并推导出利用换流器注入功率抬升电压的机理;其次,提出基于馈线出线侧及换流器本地量测数据的PCC点至故障点的线路等效阻抗测量方法;然后,构建基于阻抗测量法的SOP LVRT整体策略;最后,在PSCAD仿真平台上验证所提控制策略,结果表明,在不同电压跌落范围内,所提SOP LVRT控制策略能同时补偿有功功率和无功功率,较仅采用无功补偿能更明显提升PCC电压水平。