The temporal variations during 1948-2010 and vertical structures of the summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows （CEFs） and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon were explored in this study. The st...The temporal variations during 1948-2010 and vertical structures of the summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows （CEFs） and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon were explored in this study. The strongest southerly and northerly CEFs exist at 925 hPa and 150 hPa level, respectively. The low-level Somali （LLS） CEFs were significantly connected with the rainfall in most regions of India （especially the monsoon regions）, except in a small area in southwest India. In comparison to the climatology, the low- level Australia （LLA） CEFs exhibited stronger variations at interannual time scale and are more closely connected to the East Asian summer monsoon circulation than to the LLS CEFs. The East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomalies related to stronger LLA CEFs were associ- ated with less water vapor content and less rainfall in the region between the middle Yellow River and Yangtze River and with more water vapor and more rainfall in southern China. The sea-surface tempera- ture anomalies east of Australia related to summer LLA CEFs emerge in spring and persist into summer, with implications for the seasonal prediction of summer rainfall in East Asia. The connection between the LLA CEFs and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall may be partly due to its linkage with E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation. In addition, both the LLA and LLS CEFs .exhibited interdecadal shifts in the late 1970s and the late 1990s, consistent with the phase shifts of Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）.展开更多
Considering droplet phenomena at low Mach numbers,large differences in the magnitude of the occurring characteristic waves are presented.As acoustic phenomena often play a minor role in such applications,classical exp...Considering droplet phenomena at low Mach numbers,large differences in the magnitude of the occurring characteristic waves are presented.As acoustic phenomena often play a minor role in such applications,classical explicit schemes which resolve these waves suffer from a very restrictive timestep restriction.In this work,a novel scheme based on a specific level set ghost fluid method and an implicit-explicit(IMEX)flux splitting is proposed to overcome this timestep restriction.A fully implicit narrow band around the sharp phase interface is combined with a splitting of the convective and acoustic phenomena away from the interface.In this part of the domain,the IMEX Runge-Kutta time discretization and the high order discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method are applied to achieve high accuracies in the bulk phases.It is shown that for low Mach numbers a significant gain in computational time can be achieved compared to a fully explicit method.Applica-tions to typical droplet dynamic phenomena validate the proposed method and illustrate its capabilities.展开更多
Rural labor flowing in low marketization level restricts rural production elements of effective allocation, and restricts the development of rural economy, causes the gap between urban and rural areas to continue expa...Rural labor flowing in low marketization level restricts rural production elements of effective allocation, and restricts the development of rural economy, causes the gap between urban and rural areas to continue expanding. This article has analyzed the reasons of phenomenon, and raised some solutions from abolishing the barrier of the household register, improved rural labor＇ s cultural and skills quality, and built a social security system in rural areas improve the marketization level of rural labor flow.展开更多
利用常规气象观测、区域加密自动站、NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°再分析资料和多普勒雷达探测资料,对2013年8月河南三次西南气流型强对流天气的环境条件、回波特征和成因进行了分析,结果表明:(1)三次强对流天气均发生在中纬度...利用常规气象观测、区域加密自动站、NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°再分析资料和多普勒雷达探测资料,对2013年8月河南三次西南气流型强对流天气的环境条件、回波特征和成因进行了分析,结果表明:(1)三次强对流天气均发生在中纬度低槽和副热带高压相互作用,河南高、中、低层受一致西南气流影响的环流背景下,地面存在温度和露点温度梯度及辐合线,大范围强对流天气是在高空槽动力作用和地面辐合线的触发作用下,使得不稳定能量释放而引起。(2)三次强对流天气对流层中下层有比较深厚的暖湿层结,热力和水汽条件充分,对流层中上层有明显干层,从而形成了低层暖湿、上层比较干冷的对流不稳定大气层结。强的垂直风切变位于对流层中下层,对流有效位能非常大,配合一定的动力抬升条件,有利于超级单体和飑线的发生和发展。综合来看,8月1日不稳定、水汽、垂直切变和动力条件最强,1 1日次之,7日相对较弱。强对流形成条件的强弱对对流系统的组织结构有一定影响。(3)雷达和自动站加密观测资料显示,强天气过程初始阶段,主要表现为多单体回波结构,初始对流都在河南西南部和西部到山西南部的辐合线、干线附近生成,随后逐渐加强,形成多单体回波群(其中部分发展成为非典型超级单体)。成熟阶段,都发展成为线状对流系统,8月7日在河南北部形成由强对流单体组成的不连续的东北西南向线状对流回波,8月1和¨日在河南黄淮平原和华北平原高温高湿环境中形成了有组织的飑线。飑线东移过程中其前侧不断有暖湿空气辐合上升、后侧冷空气下沉辐散,互为对峙的上升和下沉气流相互作用是飑线得以发展和维持的主要原因。(4)对流层中低层相对深厚的暖湿层结及其以上的干层是盛夏西南气流形势下河南强对流天气预报值得关注的内容,CAPE、△θ_(se(850-500))、△T_(850-500)、K指数、对流层中低层垂直风切变等对西南气流超级单体、飑线等强风暴的形成具有很好的指示意义。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos. 2009CB421406 and 2010CB950304)the Special Fund for the Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology+1 种基金Grant Nos. GYHY201006022 and GYHY200906018)the strategic technological program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05090405)
文摘The temporal variations during 1948-2010 and vertical structures of the summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows （CEFs） and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon were explored in this study. The strongest southerly and northerly CEFs exist at 925 hPa and 150 hPa level, respectively. The low-level Somali （LLS） CEFs were significantly connected with the rainfall in most regions of India （especially the monsoon regions）, except in a small area in southwest India. In comparison to the climatology, the low- level Australia （LLA） CEFs exhibited stronger variations at interannual time scale and are more closely connected to the East Asian summer monsoon circulation than to the LLS CEFs. The East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomalies related to stronger LLA CEFs were associ- ated with less water vapor content and less rainfall in the region between the middle Yellow River and Yangtze River and with more water vapor and more rainfall in southern China. The sea-surface tempera- ture anomalies east of Australia related to summer LLA CEFs emerge in spring and persist into summer, with implications for the seasonal prediction of summer rainfall in East Asia. The connection between the LLA CEFs and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall may be partly due to its linkage with E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation. In addition, both the LLA and LLS CEFs .exhibited interdecadal shifts in the late 1970s and the late 1990s, consistent with the phase shifts of Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）.
基金support provided by the Deutsche Forschun-gsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)through the project GRK 2160/1“Droplet Interaction Technologies”and through the project no.457811052
文摘Considering droplet phenomena at low Mach numbers,large differences in the magnitude of the occurring characteristic waves are presented.As acoustic phenomena often play a minor role in such applications,classical explicit schemes which resolve these waves suffer from a very restrictive timestep restriction.In this work,a novel scheme based on a specific level set ghost fluid method and an implicit-explicit(IMEX)flux splitting is proposed to overcome this timestep restriction.A fully implicit narrow band around the sharp phase interface is combined with a splitting of the convective and acoustic phenomena away from the interface.In this part of the domain,the IMEX Runge-Kutta time discretization and the high order discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method are applied to achieve high accuracies in the bulk phases.It is shown that for low Mach numbers a significant gain in computational time can be achieved compared to a fully explicit method.Applica-tions to typical droplet dynamic phenomena validate the proposed method and illustrate its capabilities.
文摘Rural labor flowing in low marketization level restricts rural production elements of effective allocation, and restricts the development of rural economy, causes the gap between urban and rural areas to continue expanding. This article has analyzed the reasons of phenomenon, and raised some solutions from abolishing the barrier of the household register, improved rural labor＇ s cultural and skills quality, and built a social security system in rural areas improve the marketization level of rural labor flow.
文摘利用常规气象观测、区域加密自动站、NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°再分析资料和多普勒雷达探测资料,对2013年8月河南三次西南气流型强对流天气的环境条件、回波特征和成因进行了分析,结果表明:(1)三次强对流天气均发生在中纬度低槽和副热带高压相互作用,河南高、中、低层受一致西南气流影响的环流背景下,地面存在温度和露点温度梯度及辐合线,大范围强对流天气是在高空槽动力作用和地面辐合线的触发作用下,使得不稳定能量释放而引起。(2)三次强对流天气对流层中下层有比较深厚的暖湿层结,热力和水汽条件充分,对流层中上层有明显干层,从而形成了低层暖湿、上层比较干冷的对流不稳定大气层结。强的垂直风切变位于对流层中下层,对流有效位能非常大,配合一定的动力抬升条件,有利于超级单体和飑线的发生和发展。综合来看,8月1日不稳定、水汽、垂直切变和动力条件最强,1 1日次之,7日相对较弱。强对流形成条件的强弱对对流系统的组织结构有一定影响。(3)雷达和自动站加密观测资料显示,强天气过程初始阶段,主要表现为多单体回波结构,初始对流都在河南西南部和西部到山西南部的辐合线、干线附近生成,随后逐渐加强,形成多单体回波群(其中部分发展成为非典型超级单体)。成熟阶段,都发展成为线状对流系统,8月7日在河南北部形成由强对流单体组成的不连续的东北西南向线状对流回波,8月1和¨日在河南黄淮平原和华北平原高温高湿环境中形成了有组织的飑线。飑线东移过程中其前侧不断有暖湿空气辐合上升、后侧冷空气下沉辐散,互为对峙的上升和下沉气流相互作用是飑线得以发展和维持的主要原因。(4)对流层中低层相对深厚的暖湿层结及其以上的干层是盛夏西南气流形势下河南强对流天气预报值得关注的内容,CAPE、△θ_(se(850-500))、△T_(850-500)、K指数、对流层中低层垂直风切变等对西南气流超级单体、飑线等强风暴的形成具有很好的指示意义。
