A study of wireless technologies for IoT applications in terms of power consumption has been presented in this paper. The study focuses on the importance of using low power wireless techniques and modules in IoT appli...A study of wireless technologies for IoT applications in terms of power consumption has been presented in this paper. The study focuses on the importance of using low power wireless techniques and modules in IoT applications by introducing a comparative between different low power wireless communication techniques such as ZigBee, Low Power Wi-Fi, 6LowPAN, LPWA and their modules to conserve power and longing the life for the IoT network sensors. The approach of the study is in term of protocol used and the particular module that achieve that protocol. The candidate protocols are classified according to the range of connectivity between sensor nodes. For short ranges connectivity the candidate protocols are ZigBee, 6LoWPAN and low power Wi-Fi. For long connectivity the candidate is LoRaWAN protocol. The results of the study demonstrate that the choice of module for each protocol plays a vital role in battery life due to the difference of power consumption for each module/protocol. So, the evaluation of protocols with each other depends on the module used.展开更多
In wireless sensor networks(WSNs), due to the limited battery power of the sensor nodes, the communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of the networks. A reasonable design of the commu...In wireless sensor networks(WSNs), due to the limited battery power of the sensor nodes, the communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of the networks. A reasonable design of the communication protocol can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the network system. Based on low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH), an improved LEACH protocol in WSNs is proposed. In order to optimize the cluster head(CH) election in the cluster setup phase, the improved LEACH takes into account a number of factors, including energy consumption of communication between nodes, remaining energy of the nodes,and the distance between nodes and base station(BS). In the steady phase, one-hop routing and multiple-hop routing are combined to transmit data between CHs to improve energy efficiency. The forward CH is selected as relay node according to the values of path cost. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in balancing network energy consumption, and it can effectively improve the data transmission efficiency and prolong the network lifetime, as compared with LEACH, LEACH-C(LEACH-centralized) and NDAPSO-C(an adaptive clustering protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization) algorithms.展开更多
随着集成电路技术的飞速发展,其集成度和复杂度越来越高,导致芯片功耗问题日益严重。文章提出一套兼容片上网络(Net on Chip,NoC)总线的功耗管理总线,针对不同电源域进行低功耗管理,通过电源域开关协议将电源域状态同步到事务活动,且不...随着集成电路技术的飞速发展,其集成度和复杂度越来越高,导致芯片功耗问题日益严重。文章提出一套兼容片上网络(Net on Chip,NoC)总线的功耗管理总线,针对不同电源域进行低功耗管理,通过电源域开关协议将电源域状态同步到事务活动,且不影响系统其他部分的操作。实验结果表明,功耗管理总线具有低成本、协议简单、兼容性好、轻量级等优势。展开更多
Leach协议的提出很大程度上延长了网络的生命周期,但簇头的选取并未考虑当前节点剩余能量和节点分布情况,导致网络能量消耗不平衡。改进的簇头选择协议NCHS-Leach(Novel Cluster Head Selecting Leach)存在没有考虑节点当选簇头次数...Leach协议的提出很大程度上延长了网络的生命周期,但簇头的选取并未考虑当前节点剩余能量和节点分布情况,导致网络能量消耗不平衡。改进的簇头选择协议NCHS-Leach(Novel Cluster Head Selecting Leach)存在没有考虑节点当选簇头次数以及节点距离基站的距离等问题。据此,该文提出了改进协议—基于权值的簇头选取NPCHS-Leach(Novel Power Clus-ter Head Selecting Leach)协议,在选取簇头节点时综合考虑节点的剩余能量、距离、节点成为簇头的次数以及侦听密度,优化簇头节点选取策略延长网络生命周期。通过MATLAB工具软件随机建立的网络拓扑模拟NPCHS-Leach协议、Leach协议以及NCHS-Leach协议的运行,其仿真结果表明该协议比NCHS-Leach协议延长网络生命周期40~50%。展开更多
文摘A study of wireless technologies for IoT applications in terms of power consumption has been presented in this paper. The study focuses on the importance of using low power wireless techniques and modules in IoT applications by introducing a comparative between different low power wireless communication techniques such as ZigBee, Low Power Wi-Fi, 6LowPAN, LPWA and their modules to conserve power and longing the life for the IoT network sensors. The approach of the study is in term of protocol used and the particular module that achieve that protocol. The candidate protocols are classified according to the range of connectivity between sensor nodes. For short ranges connectivity the candidate protocols are ZigBee, 6LoWPAN and low power Wi-Fi. For long connectivity the candidate is LoRaWAN protocol. The results of the study demonstrate that the choice of module for each protocol plays a vital role in battery life due to the difference of power consumption for each module/protocol. So, the evaluation of protocols with each other depends on the module used.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61673259)the International Exchanges and Cooperation Projects of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.15220721800)
文摘In wireless sensor networks(WSNs), due to the limited battery power of the sensor nodes, the communication energy consumption is the main factor to affect the lifetime of the networks. A reasonable design of the communication protocol can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the network system. Based on low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy(LEACH), an improved LEACH protocol in WSNs is proposed. In order to optimize the cluster head(CH) election in the cluster setup phase, the improved LEACH takes into account a number of factors, including energy consumption of communication between nodes, remaining energy of the nodes,and the distance between nodes and base station(BS). In the steady phase, one-hop routing and multiple-hop routing are combined to transmit data between CHs to improve energy efficiency. The forward CH is selected as relay node according to the values of path cost. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better in balancing network energy consumption, and it can effectively improve the data transmission efficiency and prolong the network lifetime, as compared with LEACH, LEACH-C(LEACH-centralized) and NDAPSO-C(an adaptive clustering protocol based on improved particle swarm optimization) algorithms.
文摘随着集成电路技术的飞速发展,其集成度和复杂度越来越高,导致芯片功耗问题日益严重。文章提出一套兼容片上网络(Net on Chip,NoC)总线的功耗管理总线,针对不同电源域进行低功耗管理,通过电源域开关协议将电源域状态同步到事务活动,且不影响系统其他部分的操作。实验结果表明,功耗管理总线具有低成本、协议简单、兼容性好、轻量级等优势。
文摘Leach协议的提出很大程度上延长了网络的生命周期,但簇头的选取并未考虑当前节点剩余能量和节点分布情况,导致网络能量消耗不平衡。改进的簇头选择协议NCHS-Leach(Novel Cluster Head Selecting Leach)存在没有考虑节点当选簇头次数以及节点距离基站的距离等问题。据此,该文提出了改进协议—基于权值的簇头选取NPCHS-Leach(Novel Power Clus-ter Head Selecting Leach)协议,在选取簇头节点时综合考虑节点的剩余能量、距离、节点成为簇头的次数以及侦听密度,优化簇头节点选取策略延长网络生命周期。通过MATLAB工具软件随机建立的网络拓扑模拟NPCHS-Leach协议、Leach协议以及NCHS-Leach协议的运行,其仿真结果表明该协议比NCHS-Leach协议延长网络生命周期40~50%。